LV PowersupplyHEC Note 137

W. D. Cwienk, J. Habring, A. RudertMax-Planck-Institut for Physik, Munich, Germany

9th June 2004

2

Contents

1 Overview 51.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 Realization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.2.1 Location at detector: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2 USA15 92.0.2 PC with CAN cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0.3 270V power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0.4 CAN power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0.5 ELMB Digital part power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0.6 270V distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0.7 Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Power Box 133.1 Power Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2 Distribution Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.2.1 Input voltages, CAN, Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2.2 Low Voltage Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.2.3 Usage of the ELMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.2.4 Low Voltage Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.3 Monitor Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4 Feedthrough Board in the FEC 25

5 Cables 275.1 Cabling between the Power Box and the Front End Crate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.2 Cabling between between USA15 and the Powerbox in UX15 in the TILE-Finger region . 275.3 Pin description of the connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6 Testbench 31

7 Fault Scenarios 337.1 CAN-Bus module(ELMB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.2 Low Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.3 Low Voltage Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.4 DC/DC - converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.5 Failure in the USA 15 Crate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8 Grounding and Shielding 35

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9 Radiation Hardnes 37

10 Interlock 39

11 Cooling 43

12 Mechanics 47

A Specification for Power Board; Status 10. february 2004 51A.1 Introduction: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51A.2 Environment: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51A.3 Features: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51A.4 Input: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52A.5 Output: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52A.6 Insulation : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54A.7 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54A.8 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55A.9 Cooling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56A.10 Quality Assurance / Quality Check Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56A.11 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

B Specification for Monitoring Board; Status 19. May 2003 57

C Specification for Distribution Board; Status 19. May 2003 59

D Electrical specification of Radiation Tolerant Power Box for ATLAS HEC Liquid Argon Calorime-ter; Status 19. May 2003 61

E interfaces 65E.1 Serial interface: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65E.2 Power Out: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

F Specification for Power Cable; Status 24. July 2003 67

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Chapter 1

Overview

5

1.1 Requirements

The design of the powersupply for the preamplifiers of the HEC(Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter) are dis-cussed. The HEC calorimeter is part of the ATLAS detector at CERN. It consist of two endcaps. Eachendcap has 160 PSB‘s (Preamplifier and Summing Board). The total sum is 320 PSB‘s.Voltages for a PSB are:

• 7.0V ( 7.2V at the output of the Low Voltage - Powerbox)

• 3.0V ( 3.2V at the output of the LV-PB)

• -1.5V ( -1.6V at the output of the LV-PB)

For the Powersupply it is important to know, that there are different types of PSB Boards.The maximum currents per PSB are:

• I( 7.0V)= 0.50 A

• I( 3.0V)= 0.19 A

• I(-1.5V)= 0.09 A

1.2 Realization

The system consist of different parts.

• 1. converter from 380V/3∼ to 270V DC

• 2. conversion of the 270V DC in to the three middle Voltages (10V/6V/-4V).

• 3. conversion of the middle voltages to the three output voltages.

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1.2.1 Location at detector:

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Figure 1.1: Low Voltage Power supply EC overview

The components are at the following locations:USA15 Conversion of the 380V/3∼ Voltage to 270V DC.

TILE-Finger-Region - HEC-Low-Voltage-Powersupply-BoxConversion of the 270V DC to the three middle Voltages.Last Conversion of the middle voltages to the output voltages.

FEC(Frond end Crate) In the Front End Crate are two one inch wideconnected to the related feedthrough.The two boards arewithout active electronic components.

Cryostat In the cryostat is the calorimeter with the PSB boards.

Control and monitor requirement:

• All output channels can be switched on and off separately. one channel consist of three Voltages.

• It is possible to measure the current and voltage of each channel and output separately.

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• The control and monitoring of the Power Box is done with the SCADA Software PVSS2 from ETM( Austria).

Realization for higher safety requirements:

• For each middle Voltage are two DC/DC Converter in the Low-Voltage-Powersupply-Box.

• Additional interfaces for the control of the powerbox.

Device overview:ELMBs QL-Chips PSB boards Voltage Regulators

positive negativeLow Voltage Supply System for 2 EC 72 32 320 712 3201 EC( with 4 Quadrants) 36 16 160 356 1601 Quadrant (power box) 9 4 40 89∗ 401 Wedge(power supply channel 1 0.5 5 10 51 channel 2 1

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Chapter 2

USA15

In USA15 is the crate with the PC, the 270V Powersupply, the 270V distribution and the manual control.

2.0.2 PC with CAN cards

For the control of the power supply we need a PC with two Kvasar CAN-Cards. The control will work withthe SCADA software PVSS2 from ETM. The two CAN-Cards supporting 8 CAN-Buses. May be we willuse a serial interface to the manual control interface at USA15.

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2.0.3 270V power supply

Which safety devices are necessary. Do we need a ground shortcut detection , like for IT nets?

2.0.4 CAN power supply

The CAN-Bus has no galvanic connection, for this reason the CAN-Bus needs his own power supply. EachCAN node needs 20 mA, with 72 CAN-nodes we need a power supply for 2.0A(calculated 1.440 mA).Each Box has a CAN supply load of 180 mA(9*20 mA).

2.0.5 ELMB Digital part power supply

It’s possible to switch on and off the ELMB Power. The Power supply comes from the Powerbox, it can beswitched from USA15. As a switch will one Low Voltage Regulator be used (it’s radiation hard).

2.0.6 270V distribution

The 270V distribution gives the ability to switch on and off the power boxes separately. If one power boxhas a short cut at the input we are able to switch of this power box. If we have an isolation problem in thepower box,it will be switched off.

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2.0.7 Control Unit

The Control Unit gives us the ability to control the power box in the moment when the CAN-bus isn’tworking. This is only an emergency option to control the power box. The control should work with a serialprotocol.

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12

Chapter 3

Power Box

The Power Box consists of 2 layers. The first layer are the converters from 270V DC to the different middlevoltages. The Low Voltage Regulators are converting the middle Voltages to the output voltages. The LowVoltage Regulators can be switched on and off from the controller chip. The controller chip switches allthree Voltages of one channel at once. It gets the status information from each Low Voltage Regulator.This status information shows if there is a over current. The Controller has an interface to the CAN-Busnode (ELMB). The three Voltages and Currents for each PSB Board can be measured separately. Each Boxprovides the powersupply for 40 PSB Boards. Each PSB Board can be switched on and off separately.

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14

3.1 Power Board

The Power Board converts the 270 Volt DC to the three middle Voltages. The board consists of the DC/DCconverter and has a n+1 safety, witch means that one device per Voltage output can be destroyed and theoutput channel will still work.

3.2 Distribution Board

The Distribution Board consists of two ELMB‘s, one Low Voltage Controller(Quicklogic chip QL3012-2PF144C), 80 positive Low Voltage Regulators and 40 negative Low Voltage Regulators. The ELMB‘shave an interface to the Low Voltage Controller.

3.2.1 Input voltages, CAN, Control

For the Low Voltage Regulators and the power supply of the ELMB and QuickLogic Chip we need threeinput Voltages: 10V, 6V and -4V.

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3.2.2 Low Voltage Controller

The controller chip is a FPGA from Quicklogic. It will be programmed in antifuse technologies. The typename is QL 3012 2 PF 144C. The chip has to be radiation hard. The current design is described with anschematic entry. For the second prototype the design will be modified.

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17

18

Overview

• Control Bus

– Port A (input)

– Port C (input)

∗– Port F (output)

• Status input from the Low Voltage Regulators

– Status plus 7.2 Volt(OC8L)

– Status plus 3.2 Volt(OC4L)

– Status minus 1.6 Volt(OC2L)

• Control output to the Low Voltage Regulators

– Control output plus 7.2 Volt

– Control output plus 3.2 Volt

– Control output minus 1.6 Volt

Interface from the ELMB(Control Bus)

The controller can be accessed from ELMB1 and ELMB2. The access is via the control bus. The controlbus consists of an address, a data write, a data read and a control bus.5 bit data write bus (Port A 0-4) Bit 0 to Bit 4 - Data Bus for the four registers

3 bit address bus (Port A 5-7)Bit 5 to Bit 7 - Address Bus for the selection of the Registers.The selection is for read and write access.

5 bit control bus (Port C 0-4)Bit 0 to Bit 4 - Control Bus

Bit 0 - CLEAR , resets only the addressed register.Bit 1 - CLOCK , clock for the selected register.the value of the Data Bus is only registeredafter a signal change from low to high.Bit 2 - SET , Sets all five bits of the selected registerBit 3 - PCLR , resets all four registersBit 4 -

5 bit data read bus (port F 0-4)Bit 0 to Bit 4 , read back Buswith this Bus one reads back the value of theselected register.

3 bit error message bus (port F 5-7)

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Serial Interface

Protocol of the serial data transfer from USA 15(Crate)to the Power Box.

One Package:

| r/w | aaaa | x1 | ddddd | x2 | ccccc |

r/w = if ’1’ read, else writea = address (4 Bit)x1 = extra bitd = data (5 Bit)x2 = extra bitc = crc (5 bit)

Signal lines of the serial interface

sdat in = input streamsdat out = output streamsdat clk = data clocksdat start = transmission resetsdat status = status inforeset = interface reset

4 signal lines.

Registers of the Controller Chip:control1 control of the Low Voltage Regulatorserr_p8_1 status register of the p8 Low Voltage Regulatorserr_p3_1 status register of the p3 Low Voltage Regulatorserr_m2_1 status register of the m2 Low Voltage Regulators

control2 control of the Low Voltage Regulatorserr_p8_2 status register of the p8 Low Voltage Regulatorserr_p3_2 status register of the p3 Low Voltage Regulatorserr_m2_2 status register of the m2 Low Voltage Regulators

Control of the interface access

Each of the three interfaces can get the access to the controler when it send the folowing seqence to the in-terface control register(ICR). Each interface has it’s own ICR. It isn’t possible that more than one interfacehas access to the controller.

step interface control register(ICR)1 ’000’2 ’001’3 ’000’4 ’010’5 ’000’

The Control of the interfaces is designed and tested.

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Signal lines for the Interface

Decision of the Interfaces

The main interface is the interface to the ELMB. The second interface is the interface to the serial bus.

Function of the Status input from the Low Voltage Regulators

OC8L,OC4L,OC2L , if there is an error on one of the 15 input signalsthe output of the channel is switched off and does not recoversince the status register is reseted or the whole chip isreseted.

3.2.3 Usage of the ELMB

The ELMB will be used for the control and measurement of the Low Voltage Regulators. Each ELMB has64 analog input channels and 3 digital ports. The digital ports are the port A with 8 bidirectional lines, portC with 5 outputs and port F with 8 inputs. The ELMB has a CAN bus interface with 125 kbaud transmissionrate. We will use 9 ELMB‘s per one CAN bus.

3.2.4 Low Voltage Regulators

The Low Voltage Regulators have a current regulation that will be adjusted to protect the cables in the feedthrough. For the voltage and current measurement it is important to know, that the ELMB has a maximuminput voltage of 5 V. For this reason the Voltage before and after the current measurement resistor of the 7.2

21

V supply will be divided by two. For the 3.2 and the minus 1.6 supply the voltage has not to be divided.The input range will be configurated for voltages from +5.0V to -5.0V.

Plus 7.2 Voltage supply

22

Plus 3.2 Voltage supply

23

Minus 1.6 Voltage supply

3.3 Monitor Board

see specification in appendix C.

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Chapter 4

Feedthrough Board in the FEC

The Feedtrough board is mounted in the FEC. This board connects the cables from the power box with thewarm cables of the feedtrough. It has only passive filters for the power supply lines. The power lines are inthe middle layers of the board, the top and bottom layers of the Feedtrough board are the shielding that isconnected to the FEC shielding.

The position of the Feedthrough board is as in the Atlas Cabling note AL-ES-0004 figure 19,page 29.

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26

Chapter 5

Cables

5.1 Cabling between the Power Box and the Front End Crate

The Power Box and the Front End Crate are connected via 8 cables, each with 36 lines with a cross-sectionof 0.25mm2 The cables are connected with 37 SUB-D connectors. On the Power Box and on the Front EndCrate is a female connector. On each of the Connectors you have the supply chanels for 5 PSBs(one Wetch).

The exact position of the Power Box is not known yet.

5.2 Cabling between between USA15 and the Powerbox in UX15 inthe TILE-Finger region

for each Power Box we need:

• 270V power supply cable ( connector is not yet specified)

• CAN-Bus (SUB-D 9)

– Powersupply for CAN-Transceiver

• Control cable

– Powersupply control for the digital part of the ELMB

– serial interface signal lines

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5.3 Pin description of the connectors

CAN connector:1 CAN low2 CAN high3 GND4 CAN Power for ELMB +5 CAN Power for ELMB -6789

Power connector:1 Power +2 Power -

Control connector:

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1 sdat status 02 sdat status 23 sdat in 04 sdat in 25 sdat out 06 sdat out 27 sdat clk8 elmb power inh (switch on of ELMB power)9 reset (reset for HEC LV Controller)10 gnd11 gnd12 gnd13 gnd14 sdat status 115 sdat status 316 sdat in 117 sdat in 318 sdat out 119 sdat out 320 sdat start21 elmb power ocm (over current monitoring of ELMBs)22 gnd23 gnd24 gnd25 gnd

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Chapter 6

Testbench

For the Powerbox we need a testbench to check if the Power Box is working properly under all conditions.In this testbench will be for each output one current drop. Each channel has 3 voltages, they are 7.2V/0.5A,3.2V/0.2A and -1.6V/0.1A . The power consumption of the three channels is 3.6W+0.64W+0.16W=4.4W.The total power consumption of the Testbench is 164W. The current of current drops should be for eachchannel and voltage adjustable. The current and voltage should be measured. The testbench will be builtas a modular system. For the test of the Power Box we need 8 groups of current drops. Each group for 5channels with 3 voltages for each channel. The current drop should be controllable.

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32

Chapter 7

Fault Scenarios

What happens if some parts aren’t working in the Power Box?

7.1 CAN-Bus module(ELMB)

One CAN-Bus Module(ELMB) blocks the bus , because the transceiver has a short cut.effect all 9 ELMB’s of the bus can’t be accessed.

one quadrant is with no control from the can bus.solution the control of the powerbox will still work with the serial controll.probability it isn’t probable.

In one CAN-Bus Module(ELMB) the output driver are destroyed.effect one wedge can not be controled with the ELMB.solution the control of the wedge will still work with the serial controll.probability possible

In one CAN-Bus Module(ELMB) the analog inputs are defecteffect the currents can not be monitored.solution the monitoring can only detects overcurrents with the LVR.probability

No communication is possible with the CAN-Bus Module(ELMB).effect one wetge can not be controled with the ELMB.solution the control of the wedge will still work with the serial controll.probability

The CAN-Bus Module(ELMB) has a high input current in the digital part because of a Latch-Up Effecteffect The ELMB can be destroyed.solution switch on and off the power supply of the digital part of the ELMBprobability

7.2 Low Voltage Regulator

One Low Voltage Regulator could not be switched on or off with the control input.effect the PSB on this supply channel can not be controlledsolutionprobability

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One Low Voltage Regulator signals a high current, but there is no high current.effect The Low Voltage Controller switches off the supply channel.solutionprobability

One Low Voltage Regulator has a high input currenteffect the Box could be distroyedsolution the Box have to be switched off.probability

7.3 Low Voltage Controller

The Controller (QuickLogig Chip) draws a high current,(Latch-up Effect).effect the controller can be distroyed.solution switch on and off the power supply of the controller

probabilityOne of the output drivers of the controller chip is defect.

effect the Low Voltage Regulator can not be controlledsolution The box has to beprobability

The internal logic is destroyed.effect Two wetches aren’t working.solution The Distributionboard has to be replacedprobability

7.4 DC/DC - converter

One DC/DC converter give no output voltage.effect The Box is still workingsolution Box should be replaced in the next timeprobability

One DC/DC converter has on the input a short cut.effect The DC/DC converter burns the Fuse and the Box should work.solutionprobability

7.5 Failure in the USA 15 Crate

Failure of the PC.effect No access from PVSS.solution PC has to be repaired.probability

Failure of the DC powersupplyeffect All boxes aren’t working.solution Power supply should be replaced.probability

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Chapter 8

Grounding and Shielding

Grounding:The 270V Power has no Ground connection, and the DC/DC converter isolate the 270V from the Powerboxvoltages and ground. The CAN-Bus is isolated wit optocoplers on the ELMB. The Control signals areisolated with optocoplers in USA15. The Powerbox has internal the same ground as the Modules in thedetector. Between ground and shield is no connection.Shielding:The shields are connected only to one side. The Power Cable is shielded too, because of the DC/DCconverter. The shield of the Power cable and CAN-Bus Cable is connected to the ground of USA 15. Theshield of the Control cable is connected tho the Power Box.

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36

Chapter 9

Radiation Hardnes

All components in the power box and on the feed trough board have to be rad hard.

Minimum Requirement given for all boards and components:

• Magnetic Field : 100 Gauss

Quicklogic Chip QL3012

• Dubna 2000(preselection)

• Dubna 2002(qualification)(neutrons and gammas)

• ucl 2002(qualification)(protons for single event effects)

ELMBsee radiation test of ELMB

Low Voltage Regulators:verification from CERN

At the position of the LV power box we expect the following level of radiation in 10 years of LHC runningand use the following safety factors (SF1, SF2, SF3):

radiation expected rate SF1 SF2 SF3 Totalsimulation error low dose rate effects lot

TID 4.3 Gy 3.5 5 1 75 GyNIEL 3 ∗ 1011 n/cm2 5 1 1 1.5 ∗ 1012 n/cm2

SEE 3.7 ∗ 1010 h/cm2 5 1 1 1.85 ∗ 1011 h/cm2

The safety factor for the lot has been set to 1 because the production is based on the material originatingfrom the same lot as used for the radiation tests.

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At JINR/Dubna 10 QL chips have been irradiated and proven to operate without deterioration (worst case)up to:

• TID 130 Gy

• NIEL 6 ∗ 1012 n/cm2

At UCL in Louvain-la-Neuve the SEE tests have been carried out with 4 chips. In total 2 errors have beenrecorded after irradiation of1.8 ∗ 1011 p/cm2.

Thus we expect for the QL chips an additional safety factor of at least 1.7 and 4 for TID and NIEL respec-tively, and an error rate due to SEE of 0.5 (10 years LHC).

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Chapter 10

Interlock

The low voltage system has to be switched on before the high voltage is applied to protect the cold electron-ics. In case the low voltage system has to be switched off, first the high voltage has to be turned off. Thisis supposed to be done with a software interlock. For this reason it is necessary to clarify the correlationbetween the single high voltage channels and the corresponding low voltage PSB boards.

One wedge has two modules, one front and one rear module, each module is divided in two longitudinalsections and each section has 4 corresponding high voltage lines (HV). Section one, three and four are readout with one PSB board, section 2 is split up into two PSB boards, as shown in figure1. Each PSB boardhas to be supplied with 3 voltage levels, which are in sum one low voltage channel (LV).

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PSB1 PSB2_1 PSB3 PSB4PSB2_2

Front Modul e Rear Modul e

HV1−4

HV5−8 HV9−12

Wedge

HV13−16

Figure 1: High Voltage channels with corresponding PSB distribution

Thus one low voltage Power Box provides one quadrant of one End Cap, this means it has 40 low voltagechannels and 32 corresponding high voltage channels. Each low voltage channel and each voltage levelcan be switched off by hardware (over current protection in the voltage regulators) and by software (PVSS)separately.

To switch on a high voltage channel, it is required that the corresponding low voltage channel is on. Viceversa,to switch off a low voltage channel it has to be verified that the corresponding high voltage channelis off. To realize this as an software interlock, four data points in PVSS have to be created, as described infigure 2.

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LV OFF

Request for HV off

Interlock for HV on

Interlock for LV off

LV ONHV OFF

HV ON

Request for LV on

Figure 2: Four PVSS data points are needed to create an interlock between the LV and HV system.

The Figures 3 and 4 explain the conditions for HV and LV to be switched on/off.

HV ON

HV OFF LV ON

LV OFF

HV goesdown

If LV on &request HV on

Request fromHV or LV

If HV offor Hi gh Current

Interlock for HV on Interlock for LV off

Turn−off time

Request fromHV or LV

Figure 3: Phase diagram for HV and LV

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LV OFFHV OFF

LV OFFHV ON

LV ONHV ON

LV ONHV OFF

Request from HV or LV

Request LV

Request HV Request from HV or LV

Error Case i n LV system :over current or over temperature

Emergency Casegeneral turn of fand power down

Figure 4: Conditions for HV and LV to be switched on/off

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Chapter 11

Cooling

It is planned to share the water tubes from BNL and the FEC water manifold to provide the low voltagepower supplies with cooling water. The water tubes for will be leaded from the bottom of the power boxalong the back plate under the tile fingers to the tubes for BNL and the water manifold. In figure 1 you finda picture that shows in principle the idea. The bolts and outlets are not yet specified.

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Tile finger

Tile finger

Ti le Calori meter

LV Power Box

Cool i ng System

355

285

150158

352

360

300

Tile finger

Tile finger

Standard Power Box

Tile finger

Out

InWater Man i fold

Figure1: Position of water cooling tube with respect to the Power Box and tile finger

As for the FEC power supply, cooling water circulates at a pressure of 600mbar below atmospheric pressure.

the water temperature is 18◦C and the flow rate and the temperature gradient in the box are not yet specified.Heat conductive rubber (e.g. silicon) should be used between the cooling plate and components; (e.g. prod-uct from Kunze).The cooling cables need to be specified.

Power Consumption

The power loss of the whole box will be less than 300W. The power loss is shared by the three cooling

44

plates evenly. The loss is split up into:

Efficiency of DC/DC converters: a maximum loss of 100W is specified.Voltage loss of voltage regulators, a maximum loss of one regulator is 0.5A*4V=2W, the minimum is0.09*3.4V=0.3W.120 Voltage regulators have an average loss of about 100W.

Monitoring and Control:

All output voltages and currents will be monitored. Also the internal output voltages and currents of thePower Board will be monitored. The temperature will be directly monitored. Control signals are providedindicating the correct operation of the ELMB’s and the DC/DC converters. Monitoring of the digital cur-rent of the ELMB and the option to cycle the ELMB digital power will be provided. In case over current isdetected, it should lead to a reset of the ELMB, but the Quick Logic Chip will still work as it is suppliedwith power separately.The temperature will be measured with precision temperature depending restistors and will be monitored.

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46

Chapter 12

Mechanics

The following figures give an impression of the Power Box.

Figure 12.1: Exterior view with front plane

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Figure 12.2: Interior view with water cooling

Figure 12.3: Side view

The box has to be electronically isolated and has to be shielded as it operates in a magnetic field. It will bemade of aluminium and isolated with some material around or same spacers.

Dimension and weight

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The dimensions are the same as BNL FEC Power Box:

150mm (width or Dj) *285mm (z)*352mm (R)(coordinate system of the Detector)

The front plane of the box is 4mm thick, the body walls are 0.5mm.The weight of the Electronic including cabling is supposed to be about 3kg. The total weight of the PowerBox is supposed to be about 20kg.

Mounting of the Power Box to the tile finger

In case of an error in the box, the box should be exchanged completely. For this reason the front plane ofthe box will extend beyond the box boundaries on both sides. In this overlapping area with the tile-finger itis fixed with four bolts to the tile finger and isolated with plastic around each bolt.

Inputs:

Input voltage : 270 VDC nominal current maximum 2AConnector:

Each Power Box has its own Can Bus to supply nine ELMB’s. This means in total there are four Buses /Endcap. In case of an error in the CAN BUS, one quadrant will be dead. The +10V digital power and the+10V CAN BUS power for the ELMB128 are also supplied externally. A signal shows the operator that theELMB is in operation.

Connector: one SUB-D 9 poleControl linesConnector: one SUB-D 37 poleWater inConnector:

Outputs:

hundred twenty (120) * Power Outputs to PSB Boards;There are 40 output voltage channels with -1.6V, 3.2V, 7.2V each. These voltages are generated with STL4913 and ST L7913 voltage regulators.Connectors: eight SUB-D 37 poleConnection with the cold electronic PSB boards through two Feedthrough boards (FEC_LV_Boards) withfour Connectors/Board. This means 8 cabels (one for each wedge).

Water outConnector:

Structure of the Power Box

There are three cooling plates, which are directly mounted on the front plane of the box. All printed circuitboards are fixed onto the cooling plates. There is an isolating, heat conducting foil between the cooling

49

plates and the electrical components on the printed circuit boards. All three cooling plates are bolted witha rod to one mechanical unit. There are four identical power distribution boards, mounted on both sides oftwo cooling plates. The last cooling plate is coupled to the power board.For the cooling water there will be one inlet and one outlet. Internally the cooling plates are connectedwith hoses. The electrical connections inside the box are placed in z-direction behind the electronic/coolingblock.All electrical connectors will be bolted to the front plate of the box and soldered on the boards. The printedcircuit boards have a dimension of 200mm*250mm, with exception of the power board with 200mm*220mm.The dimensions of the cooling plates are adjusted to the area of the electronic components, that have to becooled.

Safety precautions

If case the box has to be exchanged it has to be made sure that the 270V are really switched off. For thiscase a green LED could be placed in the front plate, indicating that the 270V is switched on. The 270Vcable should also be self-isolating, when disconnected.

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Appendix A

Specification for Power Board; Status10. february 2004

A.1 Introduction:

The Powerboard is part of the HEC-LV Power Box. The Box will be used in the HEC detector of the ATLASexperiment at CERN(Geneva). There are special requirements for the Powerboard, because of the radiationand magnetic environment. A schematic overview is shown in figure 1, and a typical circuit diagram isshown in figure 2. Explanatory information is contained in the mechanics documentation and drawings.

A.2 Environment:

Design and components used have to be chosen to operate in the following environment:

Storage temperature : -20oC to +70oCOperating temperature: 0oC to 70oC

Radiation:Total ionising dose: 75 GrayNeutrons :1.5 ∗ 1012 neutrons/cm2

SEU :1.85 ∗ 1011 hadrons/cm2

The radiation limits are only valid if the components are from a single lot production.

Magnetic Field : 100 Gauss

A.3 Features:

• To have a safety factor of 100%, two voltage converters for each output voltage should be put inparallel.

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• An output monitor signal for each dc/dc-converter shows the correct functioning and in case of anerror, that the converter has turned off

• "Power on" soft start; no current spikes at "power on"

• Short and overcurrent protection

• Over temperature shutdown of all DC/DC converters if the temperature is greater than 110oC at thehottest spot.

• Operation in open-loop should be possible

• The switching of the converters should be synchronous

• EMI filtering of DC inputs

• Output filtering for rippel and noise

• Output of DC/DC converters for redundancy are connected with diodes, the regulated voltage ist thevoltage before the diodes.

• Efficiency better than 80% measured in front of the diodes for the connection of the converters.

A.4 Input:

The input voltage of the board should be 280V +/- 20 V DC. Each DC/DC converter inputline is protectedby a separate, replaceable fuse.

A.5 Output:

Three outputs should be provided:

Output voltage 9VOutput voltage tolerance +/- 10%Current range 0 - 25AOutput overcurrent protection* 30AU

max error*214V

Output voltage 5VOutput voltage tolerance +/- 10%Current range 0 - 10AOutput overcurrent protection* 15AU

max error*214V

Output voltage -3VOutput voltage tolerance +/- 10%Current range 0 - 5AOutput overcurrent protection* 8AU

max error*2-12V

* Output will be switched off.

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*2 maxilally reachabel voltage.

53

Requirements for all output Voltages over the entire load range:

Line regulation (Vi=Vi,min to Vi,max) : 1%Load regulation (Io=Io,min to Io,max): 2%Temperature regulation : 0.05%/oCLong term drift: 0.02%/1k hoursOutput ripple and noise : lower than 150mV (0 - 30 kHz)(measured 10 cm after the output ring lower than 25mV (30 kHz - 30 MHz)terminals of the HEC-LV-Power-Board)

A.6 Insulation :

Input to case : 1500V DCInput to output : 1500V DCOutput to case : 200V DC

A.7 Geometry

The maximum board size, including cooling plate and connectors, is 220mm *200mm * 50mm. The inflowand outflow of the cooling must be on different sides of the cooling plate.(see Figure 1)

Figure A.1: Geometrical dimensions and position of connectors

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Figure A.2: Fuses to protect the input line

A.8 Interfaces

The Input should be connected with “Federzugklemmen”. On the Output side should be one connector withthe monitor signals. For each of the three voltages 4 output cables on 2 output screws will be mounted withring terminals. There should be one monitor signal for each DC/DC converter, which shows the status. Itis an open collector output. If the output is closed, the converter is OK. There should be a temperaturemeasurement resistor at the position of the hottest point. The resistor will be provided by the MPI. Theconnection have to be for a 4 wire measurement. The monitor connector is a Disconnectable Insulationdisplacement connector for 1.27(0.05”) pitch ribbon cables. For the required position of the connectors seethe figure 1:

Figure A.3: Ring terminal

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A.9 Cooling:

The cooling works with a difference pressure of 400 mbar. The smallest diameter in the system is 2.9 mm.The inflow and outflow of the cooling must be on different sides of the cooling plate.(see Fig.1) For in- andoutflow of the cooling board a Barbed L fitting from FESTO PNEUMATICS (part no. 12258) should bemounted.

A.10 Quality Assurance / Quality Check Procedures

For the first lot a quality assurance plan should be provided. It should describe the tests to be perfomed bythe manufacturer of the prototypes and series modules. All features except the radiation tolerance shouldbe proven on the prototypes by adequate measuring procedures. For the series modules a subset of qualitycheck measurements should be done and documented by the manufacturer.

A.11 Documentation

A written Documentation of the HEC-LV-Power-Board has to be provided which describes the functionality,input/output connections and safety. A list of parts, in particular of replaceble objects like fuses, should beadded. The QC documentation should be supplied with each board.

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Appendix B

Specification for Monitoring Board;Status 19. May 2003

The ELMB will be mounted to the board for temperature and voltage/current measurement. These volt-ages/currents are the outputs of the Power Board. To measure the temperature PT100 temperature depen-dent resistors will be used. For mechanical reasons, there will be a small connector board, called the adapterboard, between the font plate of the box and the Power Board. The Power Board could be produced anddesigned by an external company. Behind the Power Board, there will be the monitoring board.

Input and output specification for the adapter board

Input

Can BusConnector: two SUB-D 9 pole; will be fixed in the front plate of the box.

Output:

Control lines for temperature and control signal monitoringConnector: one SUB-D 37 pole; will be fixed in the front plate of the box.

Input and output specification for the monitoring board

Input:

Can Bus distribution to one of the boards in the box;Connector: SUB-D 9 pole; the 2 required connectors has to be radiation hard and halogen free.

Four times the three voltage levels with corresponding ground lines:

voltage 10V current 6.5Avoltage 6V current 2.5Avoltage -4V current 1.25A

There should be four connectors with all three voltages. The connectors have to be radiation hard and halo-gen free.

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Control lines for temperature and control signal monitoring; for this a monitor connector is required.

Output:

Control lines for temperature and control signal monitoring; for this a monitor connector is required.

Four times the three voltage levels with corresponding ground lines:

voltage 10V current 6.5Avoltage 6V current 2.5Avoltage -4V current 1.25A

There should be four Connectors with all three voltages. The connectors have to be radiation hard andhalogen free.

Environment:Storage temperature : -55◦C to +125◦COperating temperature: 0◦C to 70◦CRadiation:Total ionising dose: 120 GrayNeutrons : 2 E12/cm2 (1 MeV equivalent neutrons)SEU : 300 hadrons/cm2/s (hadrons in energy range 10-100 MeV)Magnetic Field : 100 Gauss

Geometrical dimensions of the board:

Maximum board size monitoring board 70mm *200mm;Maximum board size adapter board 10mm *150mm;

The boards will be mounted and fixed to a 5mm thick Aluminium plate.

Features:

• Power Supply for analogue and digital part of the ELMB with voltage regulators

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Appendix C

Specification for Distribution Board;Status 19. May 2003

On the distribution board three (3) input voltage levels are converted in ten (10) channels of three (3) lowvoltage output levels each.

Input and output specification

Inputs:

Input voltage 10V current 5AInput voltage 6V current 1.9AInput voltage -4V current 0.9A

Interfaces:

CAN Bus and Power for Can BusConnector: two SUB-D 9 pole

Control signals, which allow a manual switch on/off of all output voltages.

Outputs:

Each output voltage level has 10 equivalent output lines.

Input voltage 7.2V current 0.5AInput voltage 3.2V current 0.19AInput voltage -1.6V current 0.09A

Output over current protection for all voltage levels.Output signals, which show the status of the voltage regulators.

Environment:Storage temperature : -55oC to +125oCOperating temperature: 0oC to 70oCRadiation:Total ionising dose: 120 GrayNeutrons : 2 E12/cm2 (1 MeV equivalent neutrons)

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SEU : 300 hadrons/cm2/s (hadronas in energy range 10-100 MeV)Magnetic Field : 100 Gauss

Geometrical dimensions of the board:

Maximum Board size, is 250m *200mm. The board will be mounted on a cooling plate, which will befixed on the front plane of the power box. For the cooling system, connectors with 6mm inner diameter and8mm outside diameter are required. The inflow and outflow of the cooling must be on the same side of thecooling plate.

Features:

• Short and over current protection

• Over temperature protection

• Capability for external switch on/off of each Voltage

• Possibility of output current and voltage monitoring

• Quick Logic works independent of ELMB

• In case of a reset of ELMB all output voltages will hold the values

• maximum worst case power loss of 50W

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Appendix D

Electrical specification of RadiationTolerant Power Box for ATLAS HECLiquid Argon Calorimeter; Status 19.May 2003

Scope

MPI Munich will built Radiation Tolerant Power Boxes:1) One Prototype Unit2) Twelve production units (50% spare units)

One Power Box supplies one Quadrant with 8 Wedges; each wedge corresponds to one FEC PSB Boardsand five low voltage channels, which are controlled with one ELMB. This means one power box provides40 low voltage channels.

Input and output specification

Inputs:

Input voltage : 270 VCD nominal current maximum 2AConnector:

Each box has its own Can Bus to supply nine ELMBs. This means in total there are four Buses / Endcap. Incase of an error in the CAN BUS, one quadrant will be dead. The +10V digital power and the +10V CANBUS power for the ELMB128 are also supplied from extern. An alive signal shows the operator that theELMB is still in operation.

Connector: two SUB-D 9 poleControl linesConnector: one SUB-D 37 pole

Outputs:

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hundred twenty (120) * Power Outputs to PSB Boards;There are 40 output voltage channels with -1.6V, 3.2V, 7.2V each. These voltages are generated with STL4913 and ST L7913 voltage regulators.Connectors: eight (8) SUB-D 37 poleConnection with the cold electronic PSB boards through two (2) Feed through boards (FEC_LV_Boards)with four (4) connectors per board. This means eight (8) Cabels with one (1) for each wedge.

Redundancy:

For the ELMB and DC/DC converter on the power board a redundancy of 100% is provided. In case ofa failure in this components, a logic signal will indicate it via software. For the Quick Logic (QL3012-2PF144C) and the voltage regulators is no redundancy planed. In case of a failure of the Quick Logic(QL3012-2PF144C) the box has to be exchanged. In case of a failure in one voltage regulator the volt-age channel has to be turned off via software. All output voltages are controlled via software and can beswitched on and off separately, also manual.

Monitoring and Control:

All output voltages and currents will be monitored. Also, the internal output voltages and currents of thepower board will be monitored. The temperature of the supply will be directly monitored. Control signalsare provided indicating the correct operation of the ELMBs and the DC/DC converters. Monitoring of thecurrent to the digital section of the ELMB and ability to cycle the ELMB digital section power will be pro-vided. In Case over current is detected, it should lead to a reset of the ELM, but Quick Logic Chip will stillwork as it is supplied with power separately. The temperature will be measured with precision temperaturedependent resistors and will be monitored.

Power Consumption

The power loss of the whole box will be less than 300W. The power loss is divided nearly equivalent throughthe three cooling plates. The loss is spilt up into:

• Efficiency of DC/DC converters ; maximum loss of 100W is specified

• Voltage loss of voltage regulators; maximum loss of one regulator is calculated as 0.5A*4V=2W, theminimum is 0.09*3.4V=0.3W

• 120 Voltage regulators have a average loss of about 100W

Radiation Hardness

The radiation hardness is tested for the ELMB, done by ATLAS, for the Quick Logic, done by MPI and forthe Power Board, done by an external company!

Environment:Storage temperature : -55oC to +125oCOperating temperature: 0oC to 70oCRadiation:Total ionising dose: 120 GrayNeutrons : 2 E12/cm2 (1 MeV equivalent neutrons)SEU : 300 hadrons/cm2/s (hadrons in energy range 10-100 MeV)

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Magnetic Field : 100 Gauss

63

64

Appendix E

interfaces

E.1 Serial interface:

1 dat_status1 18 GND2 dat_status2 19 GND3 dat_status3 20 GND4 dat_status4 21 GND5 dat_in1 22 GND6 dat_in2 23 GND7 dat_in3 24 GND8 dat_in4 25 GND9 dat_out1 26 GND10 dat_out2 27 QL_POWER_3.3V11 dat_out3 28 QL_POWER_3.3V12 dat_out4 29 QL_POWER_3.3V13 dat_clk 30 QL_POWER_3.3V14 dat_start 31 ELMB_POWER_8V15 ELMB_POWER_INH 32 ELMB_POWER_8V16 ELMB_POWER_OCM 33 ELMB_POWER_8V17 RESET 34 ELMB_POWER_8V

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E.2 Power Out:1 GND(+7.2/A) 20 GND(+7.2/A)2 +7.2/A 21 +7.2/A3 GND(+3.2/A) 22 +3.2/A4 GND(-1.6/A) 23 -1.6/A5 GND(+7.2/D) 24 GND(+7.2/D)6 +7.2/D 25 +7.2/D7 GND(+3.2/D) 26 +3.2/D8 GND(-1.6/D) 27 -1.6/D9 GND(+7.2/E) 28 GND(+7.2/E)10 +7.2/E 29 +7.2/E11 GND(+3.2/E) 30 +3.2/E12 GND(-1.6/E) 31 -1.6/E13 GND(+7.2/C) 32 +7.2/C14 GND(+3.2/C) 33 +3.2/C15 GND(-1.6/C) 34 -1.6/C16 GND(+7.2/B) 35 +7.2/B17 GND(+3.2/B) 36 +3.2/B18 GND(-1.6/B) 37 -1.6/B19 nc

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Appendix F

Specification for Power Cable; Status24. July 2003

The power cable connects the 270V Input voltage with the power box input and the power board.

Cable Type Shielded, electrical, round cableCharacteristics of Material halogen free and flame resistantNumber of lines 2 or 4Profile per line 0.75mm2 or 1.5mm2

Voltage Rating 300V DCTemperature Rating -40◦C to +100◦CCurrent rating 2ALength about 100mRelevant Standards CERN IS.23

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