Lunchless Learn First Encounters of the GIS Kind: An Introduction to the Basics of Geographic Information Systems

Lunchless LearnLunchless Learn

First Encounters of the GIS Kind:First Encounters of the GIS Kind:An Introduction to the Basics of An Introduction to the Basics of

Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems

AgendaAgenda

What is GIS?What is GIS?

Planning a trip to San DiegoPlanning a trip to San Diego

The BasicsThe Basics

Q & AQ & A

Session EvaluationSession Evaluation

What if I have questions?What if I have questions?

Feel free to ask questions throughout Feel free to ask questions throughout the session – just raise your handthe session – just raise your hand

There are There are nono stupid questions stupid questions

(trust us!)(trust us!)

One voice at a time please!One voice at a time please!

Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS)(GIS)

GIS is GIS is everywhereeverywhere!!

Used everydayUsed everyday

Used worldwideUsed worldwide

With GIS you can…With GIS you can…

Manage the environmentManage the environment

Work more efficientlyWork more efficiently

Provide better customer serviceProvide better customer service

Save moneySave money

You can use GIS to:You can use GIS to:

Create mapsCreate maps

Find informationFind information

How?How?

Why?Why?

Create & edit dataCreate & edit data

Solve problemsSolve problems

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

A student who completes this module will be A student who completes this module will be able to:able to:

explore a GIS map and get information about explore a GIS map and get information about map featuresmap features

describe the structure of a GIS mapdescribe the structure of a GIS map

explain how a GIS represents real-world objectsexplain how a GIS represents real-world objects

access feature informationaccess feature information

describe spatial relationships of map featuresdescribe spatial relationships of map features

describe how GIS can be used to solve problemsdescribe how GIS can be used to solve problems

First Encounter with ArcGIS – First Encounter with ArcGIS – Planning a Trip to San DiegoPlanning a Trip to San Diego

Step 1 – Start ArcMapStep 1 – Start ArcMap

Open ArcMapOpen ArcMap• Click Click Start ButtonStart Button – – All ProgramsAll Programs – – ArcGISArcGIS – – ArcMapArcMap

First Encounter with ArcGISFirst Encounter with ArcGIS

Step 1 – Start ArcMapStep 1 – Start ArcMap

Open ArcMapOpen ArcMap• Click Click Start ButtonStart Button – – All ProgramsAll Programs – – ArcGISArcGIS – – ArcMapArcMap

OpenOpen• c:\temp\VirtualCampus\LearnArcGIS9\c:\temp\VirtualCampus\LearnArcGIS9\

Start\Start\tourism.mxdtourism.mxd

Table of Contents

Page Layout Window

Step 2 – Explore United States Step 2 – Explore United States MapMap

Activate the United States MapActivate the United States Map• Right click on Right click on United StatesUnited States in Table of in Table of

Contents – Choose Contents – Choose ActivateActivate

Step 2 – Explore United States Step 2 – Explore United States MapMap

Activate the United States MapActivate the United States Map• Right click on United States in Table of Right click on United States in Table of

Contents – Choose Contents – Choose ActivateActivate

Turn on/off State DataTurn on/off State Data• Uncheck/check box next to Uncheck/check box next to States LayerStates Layer

Step 3 – Zoom in to San DiegoStep 3 – Zoom in to San Diego

Activate the San Diego MapActivate the San Diego Map• Right click on Right click on San DiegoSan Diego in Table of in Table of

Contents – choose Contents – choose ActivateActivate




To see more details of San DiegoTo see more details of San Diego • Zoom in using Zoom in using Zoom In Zoom In tool tool




To see more details of San DiegoTo see more details of San Diego • Zoom in using Zoom in using Zoom In Zoom In tool tool • With Zoom still active click centre of With Zoom still active click centre of

mapmap• Type 50000 into the Type 50000 into the Scale boxScale box




To see more details of San DiegoTo see more details of San Diego • Zoom in using Zoom in using Zoom In Zoom In tool tool • With Zoom still active click centre of With Zoom still active click centre of

mapmap• Type 50000 into the Type 50000 into the Scale boxScale box• Use Use Pan Pan tool and click and dragtool and click and drag

Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Label HotelsLabel Hotels

Switch to Switch to Data ViewData View window window



Turn on Hotels so they are viewed on MapTurn on Hotels so they are viewed on Map• Table of Contents – check box next to Table of Contents – check box next to HotelsHotels

Get Hotel nameGet Hotel name• ZoomZoom into cluster of hotels on coast – click the into cluster of hotels on coast – click the SelectSelect tool and place mouse over hotel tool and place mouse over hotel symbolsymbol

HYATT REGENCY HOTEL



Turn on Hotels so they are viewed on MapTurn on Hotels so they are viewed on Map• Table of Contents – check box next to Table of Contents – check box next to HotelsHotels

Get Hotel nameGet Hotel name• ZoomZoom into cluster of hotels on coast – click the into cluster of hotels on coast – click the SelectSelect tool and place mouse over hotel tool and place mouse over hotel symbolsymbol

Turn on the names of all Hotels at onceTurn on the names of all Hotels at once• Right click on Right click on HotelsHotels in Table of Contents – in Table of Contents –

choose choose Label FeaturesLabel Features

Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information about itInformation about it

Find all Marriott Hotels in San DiegoFind all Marriott Hotels in San Diego• Click Click FindFind tool – In tool – In Find FieldFind Field type type MarriottMarriott

- Click - Click dropdown arrowdropdown arrow next to next to InIn and choose and choose HotelsHotels – Click – Click FindFind




Find Marriott Suites Hotel on MapFind Marriott Suites Hotel on Map• Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Flash Flash FeatureFeature




Find Marriott Suites Hotel on MapFind Marriott Suites Hotel on Map• Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Flash Flash FeatureFeature

Get Telephone number of HotelGet Telephone number of Hotel• In Find Dialogue right click In Find Dialogue right click Marriott Hotel and Marriott Hotel and

MarinaMarina – choose – choose Identify FeatureIdentify Feature

Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information about itabout it

Find all Marriott Hotels in San DiegoFind all Marriott Hotels in San Diego• Click Click FindFind tool – In tool – In Find FieldFind Field type type MarriottMarriott - Click - Click dropdown arrowdropdown arrow next to next to InIn and choose and choose HotelsHotels – Click – Click FindFind

Find Marriott Suites Hotel on MapFind Marriott Suites Hotel on Map• Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Flash FeatureFlash Feature

Get Telephone number of HotelGet Telephone number of Hotel• In Find Dialogue right click In Find Dialogue right click Marriott Hotel and MarinaMarriott Hotel and Marina – –

choose choose Identify FeatureIdentify Feature

Select Hotel Select Hotel • Find Dialogue - Right click on Find Dialogue - Right click on Marriott Hotel and Marriott Hotel and

MarinaMarina - Choose - Choose Select FeatureSelect Feature

Step 6 – Get Info on Major Step 6 – Get Info on Major AttractionsAttractions

Show Major AttractionsShow Major Attractions• Table of Contents – Check Table of Contents – Check Major Major

AttractionsAttractions – right click choose – right click choose Open Open Attribute TableAttribute Table

Step 6 – Get Info on Major Step 6 – Get Info on Major AttractionsAttractions

Show Major AttractionsShow Major Attractions• Table of Contents – Check Table of Contents – Check Major Major

AttractionsAttractions – right click choose – right click choose Open Open Attribute TableAttribute Table

Sort TableSort Table• Scroll through attributes – Right click on Scroll through attributes – Right click on

NameName field – choose field – choose Sort AscendingSort Ascending

Step 6 – Get Info on Major AttractionsStep 6 – Get Info on Major Attractions

Show Major AttractionsShow Major Attractions• Table of Contents – Check Table of Contents – Check Major AttractionsMajor Attractions

– right click choose – right click choose Open Attribute TableOpen Attribute Table

Sort TableSort Table• Scroll through attributes – Right click on Scroll through attributes – Right click on NameName

field – choose field – choose Sort AscendingSort Ascending

Find Seaport VillageFind Seaport Village• Scroll through list until you find Scroll through list until you find Seaport Seaport

VillageVillage – click grey box left of record – click grey box left of record

Close TableClose Table

Step 7 – Measure Distance Step 7 – Measure Distance Between FeaturesBetween Features

Zoom into area with Hotel and Zoom into area with Hotel and Seaport Village Seaport Village

Measure DistanceMeasure Distance• Click Measure Tool - single click on Click Measure Tool - single click on

Marriott Hotel and MarinaMarriott Hotel and Marina – move – move mouse over mouse over Seaport VillageSeaport Village – double – double click and check distanceclick and check distance

Step 8 – Find Attractions and Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of Determine Method of TransportationTransportation

Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected Clear Selected FeaturesFeatures

Step 8 – Find Attractions and Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of Determine Method of TransportationTransportation

Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected Clear Selected FeaturesFeatures

Show map of San DiegoShow map of San Diego• ViewView menu – menu – BookmarksBookmarks – – San Diego CitySan Diego City

Turn off Major RoadsTurn off Major Roads• Table of Contents – Uncheck Table of Contents – Uncheck Major RoadsMajor Roads

Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of TransportationMethod of Transportation

Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features



Label Major AttractionsLabel Major Attractions• Table of Contents – right click Table of Contents – right click Major AttractionsMajor Attractions – –

choose choose Label FeatureLabel Feature

Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of TransportationMethod of Transportation

Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features



Label Major AttractionsLabel Major Attractions• Table of Contents – right click Table of Contents – right click Major AttractionsMajor Attractions – –

choose choose Label FeatureLabel Feature

Get details on the closest Trolley StopsGet details on the closest Trolley Stops• Click Click IdentifyIdentify tool - Layer Dropdown choose tool - Layer Dropdown choose Trolley Trolley

StopsStops – on map click stop closest to – on map click stop closest to Qualcomm Qualcomm StadiumStadium – close – close IdentifyIdentify window window

Step 9 – Use Hyperlink for San Step 9 – Use Hyperlink for San Diego Zoo WebsiteDiego Zoo Website

Zoom to San Diego ZooZoom to San Diego Zoo• Find San Diego Zoo – Find San Diego Zoo – Zoom inZoom in tool tool

Access San Diego Website info through Access San Diego Website info through HyperlinkHyperlink• Click Click HyperlinkHyperlink tool - click on San Diego Zoo tool - click on San Diego Zoo

symbol on mapsymbol on map

Step 10 – End ArcMap SessionStep 10 – End ArcMap Session

Close ArcMapClose ArcMap• FileFile menu – choose menu – choose ExitExit – Click – Click nono

when asked if you want to save datawhen asked if you want to save data

Exploring a GIS mapExploring a GIS map

DynamicDynamic

Zoom, pan, resizeZoom, pan, resize

Add/remove featuresAdd/remove features

Change symbolizationChange symbolization

Access database of informationAccess database of information

How is a GIS map organized?How is a GIS map organized?

Data framesData frames

Thematic layersThematic layers

FeaturesFeatures

How is a GIS map organized?How is a GIS map organized?

Features have:Features have: LocationLocation ShapeShape SymbolSymbol

Features grouped in a Features grouped in a layer havelayer have::

Same shapeSame shape Same characteristicsSame characteristics

AND they are located AND they are located within the same within the same geographic extentgeographic extent

LayersLayers

Contain features Contain features located within the located within the same boundarysame boundary

Each represents a Each represents a distinct "theme" distinct "theme"

Are drawn on top of Are drawn on top of each other to create each other to create an informative GIS an informative GIS mapmap

Representing the real worldRepresenting the real world

PointPoint

LineLine

PolygonPolygon

One coordinate pairOne coordinate pair

Sequence of 2 or more Sequence of 2 or more coordinate pairscoordinate pairs

One or more lines whose One or more lines whose start and end start and end coordinate pairs are coordinate pairs are the samethe same

GIS world – 3 types of features:GIS world – 3 types of features:

Representing the real worldRepresenting the real world

In this map of In this map of South America…South America…

What are countries What are countries represented as?represented as?

Rivers?Rivers?

Cities? Cities?

Representation*Representation*

PolygonsPolygons

LinesLines

PointsPoints

objects with boundariesobjects with boundaries countries, building footprints, countries, building footprints,

lakeslakes

objects too narrow to be objects too narrow to be polygonspolygons

streets, rivers, telephone linesstreets, rivers, telephone lines

objects too small to be polygonsobjects too small to be polygons cities, trees, hospitalscities, trees, hospitals

* Depends on map scale

Linking features to informationLinking features to information

For a roadFor a road

For a cityFor a city

- NameName- SpeedSpeed- Direction (one-way or two-Direction (one-way or two-

way)way)

- PopulationPopulation- Average monthly temperatureAverage monthly temperature- Number of schoolsNumber of schools

More than just location and shapeMore than just location and shape

Information associated with feature Information associated with feature

Feature attributesFeature attributes

Types or categories of informationTypes or categories of information

Stored in attribute tableStored in attribute table

Each feature is a record (row); Each Each feature is a record (row); Each attribute is a column or fieldattribute is a column or field

Same layer, same attribute tableSame layer, same attribute table

Feature attributes Feature attributes

This attribute table for a layer of cities This attribute table for a layer of cities stores each feature's ID number, shape, stores each feature's ID number, shape, name, the country in which it's located, name, the country in which it's located, and its status. and its status.

Feature attributesFeature attributes

Features are linked to attributes by a Features are linked to attributes by a unique numerical identifier (ID)unique numerical identifier (ID)

Every feature has an IDEvery feature has an ID

One-to-one relationship between One-to-one relationship between feature, identifier and attribute feature, identifier and attribute recordrecord

Feature attributes cont’dFeature attributes cont’d

Click feature on map – see attributes Click feature on map – see attributes in tablein table

Select record in table – selects Select record in table – selects feature on mapfeature on map

Ask questions of attribute table – Ask questions of attribute table – display answer on mapdisplay answer on map

ExampleExample

The city of Bombay is selected. Its record The city of Bombay is selected. Its record is also selected in the attribute table. The is also selected in the attribute table. The unique identifier for Bombay is stored in unique identifier for Bombay is stored in the FID field. the FID field.

Understanding Map ScaleUnderstanding Map Scale

Scale - the relationship between size on the Scale - the relationship between size on the map and size in the real worldmap and size in the real world

Expressed as a ratio, or representative fraction Expressed as a ratio, or representative fraction (RF)(RF)

A scale of 1:50,000 means one unit on the map A scale of 1:50,000 means one unit on the map equals 50,000 units on earth.equals 50,000 units on earth.

It also means that the objects on earth are 50,000 It also means that the objects on earth are 50,000 times larger than the features on the map.times larger than the features on the map.

Map ScaleMap Scale

Two types:Two types:

Large-scaleLarge-scale

Small-scaleSmall-scale

Examples?

Covers a small area in Covers a small area in more detailmore detail

Covers a large area in Covers a large area in less detailless detail

Map Scale samplesMap Scale samples

CreditsCredits

This demonstration was created using This demonstration was created using course materials from ESRI’s Virtual course materials from ESRI’s Virtual Campus.Campus.

If you are interested in taking more If you are interested in taking more Virtual Campus courses, please Virtual Campus courses, please contact the GIS Centre.contact the GIS Centre.

GIS CentreGIS Centre

Located at the back of the Located at the back of the Learning Commons on the first floor Learning Commons on the first floor

of the Killam Libraryof the Killam Library

Jennifer MilneJennifer [email protected]@dal.ca

494-6719494-6719

Jennifer StrangJennifer [email protected]@dal.ca

494-1386494-1386

Documents

Lunchless Learn First Encounters of the GIS Kind: An Introduction to the Basics of Geographic Information Systems