Upload
thiru83
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
1/33 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Intro to LTE
Intro to LtE
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
2/33
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
3/33 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Intro to LTE
LtE IntroductIon and
archItEcturE ovErvIEw
Drivers or Mobile Broadband 4
Typical Applications and Network Requirements 6
LTE E-UTRAN Objectives 8
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) 10
Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 12
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 14
Serving Gateway (SGW) 14
Mobility Management Entity (MME) 14
Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) 14
LTE Reerence points 16
LTE Roaming Architecture 18
Non-3GPP Access 20
Interworking with 2G/3G networks 22
Spectrum Requirements or LTE 24
WRC 2007 Spectrum 26
LTE Spectrum Requirements 28
ANNEx 32
Peak data rate 32
Control-plane latency 32
Control-plane capacity 32
User-plane latency 32
User throughput 32
Spectrum eciency 32
Mobility 32
Coverage 32
Further Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast
Multicast Service (MBMS) 32
Spectrum feibility 33
Co-eistence and Inter-working with
3GPP Radio Access Technology (RAT) 33 Architecture and migration 33
Radio Resource Management requirements 33
Compleity 33
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
4/334
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
dies Mbile Bb
Ater a slow start mobile data has nally taken o. Many actors, technical and non-technical,
relating to the success o mobile data have come together to provide data services that are
both easy to use and meets the users perormance epectations.
Network and handset capability have met with content and billing regimes and along with
growing consumer condence and eperience this is leading to increased use o data services
provided by operators. As consumers, operators and third party application providers gain
more eperience with data services beyond the plain WAP home page, the demand or data
is orecast to continue growing or the oreseeable uture. Good news or operators who are
generally seeing a reduction in revenues rom traditional voice based services. Revenues in
the net decade will depend on increasing eciency and nding alternative non-voice services.
The graph opposite shows the increase in use o both ed and mobile broadband services,
it also shows that the use o mobile broadband is set to overtake ed broadband in the uture,
this will only be possible i we can deliver a high perormance and consistent service that the
subscribers will come to epect.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
5/33
Global broadband subscribers, by wired and wireless, 2007 2012
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
n Wireless n Wired
Note: Wired includes DSL, cable, FTTx and evolutions.
Wireless includes WiMAX, pre-WiMAX, EV-DO, HSPA and evolutions, but excludes WCDMA and WiFi.
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Broadbandsubs (millions)
Network latenc
Bandwidth
Growth drivers
FTP
Mobileofce/email Interactive
remotegamesMMS,
web browsingVideo telephonyAudio streaming
Voice telephony
Multiplayer games
SMS
Voicemail msm: remote control
Audio/videodownload
Video conferencing Real-time
gamingm2m:robot security,
video broadcast
Video streaming
>1 sec
5Mbps
1Mbps
200 ms 100 ms 20 ms
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 1
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
6/336
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
typil appliis nek reqiemes
While voice remains the most popular application or large user segments, several distinct
trends will infuence mobile communications in the years ahead:
Common, access-independent Internet applications will replace silos or mobile applications
and residential applications
Web2.0 applications empower users to participate in communities, and will generate content
and interact in virtual worlds and increase the requirement to greater uplink capabilities
Streaming services that deliver individual video content on demand and mobile TV on
demand are emerging as a avoured application
Mobile, interactive remote gaming and real-time gaming will undoubtedly become a major
industry in its own right
The quadruple play o voice, data, video and mobility bundles or residential and mobile
use is heating up the battle over ed-mobile substitution in the consumer marketMobile oce comprising smart phones, notebooks, ubiquitous broadband access and
advanced security solutions will ree business users rom their oce desk.
The network capability will need to evolve to ensure a consistent and reliable user eperience,
such network evolutions include;
The networks capacity to support high peak user data rates and high average data
throughput rates
Low user data planes and signalling channels response time, or latency
Guaranteed radio coverage ensuring ull use o services up to the cells edge
A viable means o creating and maintaining individual connections and the entire systemsquality o service (QoS)
Service continuity between access networks
Single sign-on to all network access
Competitive prices, with many users avouring fat-rate ees or reasons o cost control
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
7/337 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 2
typil nex Geei SeiesAccess-independent Internet applications
Web2.0
Streaming services
Interactive remote gaming
Quadruple play
Mobile oce
typil Ebles nexGeei Seies
High peak user data rates
High average data throughput rates
Low latency
Guaranteed radio coverage
Individual quality o service (QoS)
Service continuity between access
networks
Single sign-on to all network access
Competitive prices, fat-rate ees
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
8/338
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
LtE E-utran objeies
LTE is ocusing on optimum support o Packet Switched (PS) Services. Main requirements
or the design o an LTE system are outlined in 3GPP TR 2.913 (2006) and can be summarized
as ollows:
d re: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 0 Mbps (uplink) or 20 MHz
spectrum allocation, assuming 2 receive antennas and 1 transmit antenna at the terminal.
tgp:Target or downlink average user throughput per MHz is 3-4 times better than
release 6. Target or uplink average user throughput per MHz is 2-3 times better than release 6.
(release 6 HSPA)
Spem Eiey: Downlink target is 3-4 times better than release 6. Uplink target is 2-3
times better than release 6.
Ley:The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer in either
the UE or radio access network and the availability o this packet at IP layer in the radio
access network/UE is less than ms. Also C-plane latency is reduced, e.g. to allow ast
transition times o less than 100 ms rom camped state to active state.
Bi: Scaleable bandwidths o , 10, 1, 20 MHz are supported. Also bandwidths
smaller than MHz are supported or more feibility, i.e. 1.4 MHz and 3 MHz or FDD mode.
Iekig: Interworking with eisting UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP systems
is ensured. Multimode terminals support handover to and rom UTRAN and GERAN as well
as inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time or handover between E-UTRAN and UTRAN/
GERAN is less than 300 ms or real time services and less than 00 ms or non real time services.
Mlimei Bs Mlis Seies (MBMS): MBMS is urther enhanced and is then
reerred to as E-MBMS.
Mbiliy:The system is optimized or low mobile speed (0-1 km/h), but higher mobile speeds
are supported as well including high speed train environment as special case.
Spem lli: Operation in paired (Frequency Division Duple / FDD mode) and unpaired
spectrum (Time Division Duple / TDD mode).
c-exisee: Co-eistence in the same geographical area and co-location with GERAN/UTRAN.Also, co-eistence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross-border coeistence.
Qliy Seie: End-to-end Quality o Service (QoS) is supported.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
9/339 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 3 LtE E-utran reqiemes
reqieme ce elese (rel-6 hSxPa) LtE E_utra
Peak data rate 14Mbps DL / .76Mbps UL 100Mbps DL / 0Mbps UL
Spectral eciency 0.6 0.8 DL / 0.3 UL (bps/Hz/sector) 3 4 DL / 2 3 UL improvement
% packet call throughput 64Kbps DL / Kbps UL 3 4 DL / 2 3 UL improvementAveraged user throughput 900Kbps DL / 10Kbps UL 3 4 DL / 2 3 UL improvement
U-Plane latency 0 ms ms
Call setup time 2 sec 0 ms
Broadcast data rate 384Kbps 6 8 improvement
Mobility Up to 20km/h Up to 30km/h
Multi-antenna support No Yes
Bandwidth MHz Scalable (up to 20MHz)
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
10/3310
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Sysem aiee Eli (SaE)
One o the main objectives o the LTE architecture is an overall simplication o the network with
a reduction in the number o nodes required in the radio access and core network components.
The evolution o the network is designed to optimise perormance and improve cost eciency.
Also interoperability with the eisting 3.G inrastructure is important, particularly mobility and
handover between the networks.
The Evolved Packet System (EPS) is divided in to radio access and core network.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
11/33
GERANUTRAN
S1-U
S1-MME
SG1S4/S11
Evolvedpacket core
E-UTRAN
3GPPnetwork
Externalnetwork
11 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 4 Sysem aiee Eli (SaE)
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
12/3312
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Ele uMtS ri aess nek (E-utran)
Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) contains a single element known as the
Evolved Node Bs (eNB). The eNB supports all the user plane and control plane protocols to
enable communication with the UE. It also supports radio resource management, admission
control, scheduling, uplink QoS enorcement, cell broadcast, encryption and compression/
decompression o user data.
The eNB is connected to the core network on the S1 interace. The S1 interace allows the
eNB to communicate with the Mobility Management Entity (MME) via the S1-MME interace
and the Serving Gateway (SGW) via the S1-U interace. The interaces support a many to
many relationship between eNB and SGW/MME.
The eNB are also networked together using the x2 interace. The x2 interace is based on
the same set o protocols as the S1 and is primarily in place to allow user plane tunnelling
o packets during handover to minimise packet loss.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
13/33
E-UTRAN
eNBeNB
eNB
X2X2
X2
S1 S1S1 S1
MME/S-GWMME/S-GW
13 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 5 E -utran aiee
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
14/3314
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Ele Pke ce (EPc)
The Evolved Packet Core contains two principle unctions, high speed packet handling and
mobility management, these unctions are carried out by the SGW and MME. This separation
o unction allows each to be implemented on a platorm optimised or data handling or
message processing. This will result in more optimised perormance and allows independent
scaling o each component and ecient topological optimisation o platorms to ensure
consistent service i.e. reduced latencies and maimised throughput.
Seig Gey (SGw)
The SGW acts as a router, routing and orwarding packets o user data, it is able to provide
transport level packet marking, and the marking process may be used or QoS management
by other network elements. Also some accounting unctions or UL/DL services.
The SGW will act as a local anchoring point or inter eNB handover and can also act as a
3GPP anchoring point or handovers between UMTS and LTE. It provides idle mode unctions
such as packet buering and initiation o network triggered service request.
The SGW is also one o the Lawul Interception points in the network.
Mbiliy Mgeme Eiy (MME)
The Mobility management entity (MME) is the primary signalling node in the EPC, NAS
signalling is terminated at this point and included signalling related to bearer establishment
and authentication o the UEs through interaction with the Home Subscriber Server (HSS).
It is also the decision point or SGW selection, and MME, SGW selection during handoverwhere EPC node change is necessary.
The MME handles roaming unctions such as allocation o temporary identities, admission
control and communication with the home HSS on the S6a interace.
Pke d nek Gey (P-Gw)
The P-GW is the entry and eit point or UE connectivity with eternal data networks.
It provides unctions o packet ltering, via deep packet inspection, allocation o UE IP
addresses, downlink packet marking, and service level charging, gating and rate enorcement.
The P-GW also acts as an anchor or mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies
such as 3GPP2 CDMA2000 and WiMAx.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
15/33
eNB
SGiSGi S2a/b
S5
S11
S1-MME S1-U
S3
InternetNon-3GPP
accessIMS
P-GWUMTS
MME SGW
1 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 6 Ele Pke ce (EPc) cmpes
SGw Serving Gateway; router, packet marking, anchor
or inter-eNB handover, some accounting
MME Mobility Management Entity; NAS signalling point,
admission control, bearer setup, authentication,
roaming unctions, selects SGW
P-Gw Packet Gateway; date entry/exit point, packet
inspection/ltering, IP address allocation, mobility
anchor or non-3GPP handover
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
16/3316
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
LtE reeee pis
S1: It provides access to Evolved RAN radio resources or the transport o user plane and
control plane trac. The S1 reerence point shall enable MME and UPE separation and also
deployments o a combined MME and UPE solution.
S2/b: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between a trusted/
not-trusted non-3GPP IP access and the SAE Anchor.
S3: It enables user and bearer inormation echange or inter 3GPP access system mobility
in idle and/or active state. It is based on Gn reerence point dened between SGSNs.
S4: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and
the 3GPP Anchor and is based on Gn reerence point as dened between SGSN and GGSN.
S5: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between MME/UPE
and 3GPP anchor. It is FFS whether a standardized Sa eists or whether MME/UPE and 3GPP
anchor are combined into one entity.
S5b: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between 3GPP anchor
and SAE anchor. It is FFS whether a standardized Sb eists or whether 3GPP anchor and SAE
anchor are combined into one entity.
S6: It enables transer o subscription and authentication data or authenticating/authorizing user
access to the evolved system (AAA interace).
S7: It provides transer o (QoS) policy and charging rules rom PCRF to Policy and Charging
Enorcement Point (PCEP). The allocation o the PCEP is FFS.
SGi: It is the reerence point between the Inter AS Anchor and the packet data network. Packet
data network may be an operator eternal public or private packet data network or an intra
operator packet data network, e.g. or provision o IMS services. This reerence point corresponds
to Gi and Wi unctionalities and supports any 3GPP and non-3GPP access systems.
The interaces between the SGSN in 2G/3G Core Network and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
will be based on the GTP protocol. The interaces between the
SAE MME/UPE and the 2G/3G Core Network will be based on the GTP protocol.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
17/33
SGiSGi S2a
S5
S11
S1-MME S1-U
S3 S4
Internet AccessIMS
P-GWUMTS
MME SGW
X2
eNB
17 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 7 LtE-SaE reeee pis
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
18/3318
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
LtE rmig aiee
Roaming is supported by the SAE, the gure opposite show the situation where a user is roamed
on to a V-PLMN (Visitor PLMN). A roaming agreement must eist between the home and
visited systems. The pictured scenario may be when the user visits a dierent country or where
national roaming is supported.
Part o the connection is handled by the visited network, this includes the radio access, mobility
management and elements o session management. U-plane data is routed via visited SGW to
the home network P-GW and the S8 interace.
The S8 interace carries both user plane data and control signaling and is based on the Gp interace
rst dened in the GPRS/UMTS core network specications.
The S6 interace connects the MME to the HSS and handles session and mobility related signaling
including security.
The data sessions are managed locally by the visited network but the call is anchored in the
home network, allowing the home operator to maintain control o the session. This may not be
the most ecient routing in terms o cost and system resources, thereore, there is an option to
route the U-plane trac to a P-GW in the V-PLMN and make connections, or eample, directly
to the internet or local services.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
19/33
SGi
S11
S6
S8
SGi
Optionalrouting to
local P-GW
H-PLMN
V-PLMN
S1-MME S1-U
SGi
InternetIMS
P-GW
MME SGW
E-UTRAN
HSS
19 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 8 EPc rmig aiee e h-PLMn
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
20/3320
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
n-3GPP aess
The diagram opposite shows the architecture that allows IP access to the EPC using non-3GPP
access technologies, i.e. Wireless LAN (802.11a,b,g,) WiMAx. There are two possible access
scenarios, both o which appear on the diagram, trusted and non-trusted access.
Where the operator owns and operates the WLAN network, this may be considered a trusted
case, the user data rom the WLAN network may be sent directly to the P-GW via the IP based
S2 interace. Inormation relating to subscriber proles, authentication vectors, network identity,
charging and QoS inormation may all be provided to the WLAN access via the Ta interace.
The inormation is provided via the 3GPP AAA server which acts as an inter-working point
between the 3GPP and IETF worlds. The main purpose o the 3GPP AAA server is to allow
end to end interaction, such as authentications to take place using 3GPP credentials stored
in the HSS via the W interace.
In the non-trusted case, e.g. a corporate entity has its own WLAN network and would like to
oer 3GPP access to its customers, there are additional network elements to maintain the
inrastructure security and integrity. The ePDG (evolved Packet Data Gateway) element carried
all the trac rom the WLAN via a secure tunnel (IPSec) over the Wn interace. The Wm interace
allows the user related data rom the HSS via the 3GPP AAA Server, to be echanged, ensuring
proper tunneling and encryption between the user terminal and the P-GW.
In both o these cases the MME and SGW are redundant.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
21/33
Non-trusted
WLAN Access
SGi
S2
S2
Wm
Wn
Ta
Wa
Wx
S5
S11
S6
S11
S1-MME S1-U
InternetIMS
P-GW
MME SGW
E-UTRAN
3GPPAAA
HSS
ePDG
Trusted
WLAN Access
21 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 9 n-3GPP aess EPc
S2 IP based User-plane data
t/w Transport authentication, authorisation and
charging-related inormation in a secure manner
wx Communication between WLAN AAA inrastructure
and HSS, Security data, Sub prole, charging
w Force non-trusted trac via ePDG tunnel
wm Authorisation/authentication data, tunnel attributes,
identity mapping, charging characteristics
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
22/3322
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Iekig i 2G/3G eks
Where 2G/3G cells are adjacent or overlaid on to E-UTRAN cells there will be a requirement
or interworking between the dierent inrastructures to support inter-system mobility. No new
systems elements are required but 2 additional interaces are specied, S3 and S4.
S3 supports the user and bearer inormation echange between the SGSN and the MME during
handover/cell reselection. QoS and user contet will be echange so the target system has all
the inormation required to re-establish the bearers on the new cell. S3 is based on the IP Gn
interace designed or 2G/3G core architecture.
S4 carries the user plane data between the SGSN and the SGW. The SGW play the role o
the mobility anchor in inter-system echanges, it has a very similar role to the GGSN in 2G/3G
networks. The S4 interace is also based on the Gn interace.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
23/33
SGi
S11
S6
S3 S4
lu
SGi
InternetIMS
P-GW
MME SGW
SGSN
UTRAN/GERAN
HSS
S1-MME S1-U
E-UTRAN
23 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 10 2G/3G LtE Iekig
S3 Exchange o bearer inormation, QoS,
S4 U-Plane trac
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
24/3324
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Spem reqiemes LtE
It is very apparent rom many industry sources that the mobile broadband revolution has begun,
in the net ew years there will be an ever increasing demand or access to high speed broadband
data services. Technologies like LTE and WiMAx seem very well placed to be able to oer these
services to subscribers in a very cost eective way.
One o the greatest problems to overcome will be availability o spectrum and the availability
o spectrum in suitable bands. There is a great deal o work currently taking place to ensure
that operators have access to a sucient amount o spectrum to solve the principle problems
o coverage and capacity that they ace right now and may potentially ace to a greater etent
in the uture.
The ITU-R already recognises the coming issues and has begun to address the problem at
WRC 07 and will make urther resolutions at WRC11.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
25/33
800 850 900 950 1000 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 MHz
IMT-2000IMT-2000
GSM
GSM
PDC
Cellular
Cellular
IMT-2000
GSM 1800
GSM
1800
IMT-
2000
MS
S
PCS
A B CD BA CED FEF
MSS
UMTSMSS
DECT
IMT-
2000
MSS
IMT-
2000
MSS
IMT-
2000
MS
S
UMTSMSS
IMT-2000
IMT-2000
(regional)
PDC
MSS
IMT-2000
MSS
AWSAWS
Cellular
Cellular
Cellular
IMT-2000
IMT-2000
MSS
Under study
Under study
IMT-2000,band plan
not yet decided
Mobile allocationadded, no band
plan yet
ITU
allocations
Europe
China
Japan
NorthAmerica
Brazil
PHS
2 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 11 IMt 2000 spem allis (wrc 2000)
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
26/3326
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
wrc 2007 Spem
Under Agenda Item 1.4 to consider requency-related matters or the uture development
o IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000.
WRC-07 has identied globally harmonised spectrum or use by International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced).
Additional spectrum was allocated or IMT systems in various new bands, resulting in 392 MHz
o new spectrum in total in Europe and 428 MHz in the Americas:
20 MHz in the band 40470 MHz (globally)
72 MHz in the band 790862 MHz or Region 1 (Europe) and parts o Region 3 (Asia)
108 MHz in the band 698806 MHz or Region 2 (Americas) and some countries o
Region 3 (Asia)
100 MHz in the band 2.32.4 GHz (globally)200 MHz in the band 3.43.6 GHz (no global allocation, but identied in 82 countries)
Note: These bands will not be available immediately or NGMN usage, but opened to the market
ollowing transition periods o up to several years. Additionally, the allocations regarding the
bands 790-862 MHz and 3.4 3.6 GHz in Region 1 will only come into ull eect in 201 and
2010 respectively.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
27/33
WRC-07 IMT Identifications
AmericasMobile allocation,no identifcation
450
470
698
862
2300
2400
3400
3500
3600
Asia Pacific
Legend: Effective immediately in 61 countries, in 6 others a subset of the bandEffective in all countries 17 June 2015
450
470
698
862
2300
2400
3400
3500
3600
Europe/Africa/
Middle East
In 81 countries,
eective 11/17/2010
450
470
698
862
2300
2400
3400
3500
3600
Mobile allocation in 14 countries
Identified in 9 countries
Identified in 10 countries
Identified in 9 countries + mobile allocation everywhere
27 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 12 aiil Spem Ieie wrc 2007
20 MHz in the band 450470 MHz (globally)
72 MHz in the band 790862 MHz or Region 1 (Europe)
and parts o Region 3 (Asia)
108 MHz in the band 698806 MHz or Region 2
(Americas) and some countries o Region 3 (Asia)
100 MHz in the band 2.32.4 GHz (globally)
200 MHz in the band 3.43.6 GHz (no global allocation,
but identied in 82 countries)
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
28/3328
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
LtE Spem reqiemes
The table opposite shows the eisting bands supported by 3GPP and 3GPP2. The majority
o these are already in use with the well known 2G/3G technologies. One o the largest areas
o interest or operators and regulators alike is the potential or spectrum re-arming in these
bands. Spectrum neutrality is becoming increasing wide spread, where the regulator lits the
technology specic nature o the licenses.
UMTS900 has already been approved and there is work taking place on the USA in the
700MHz band. The digital dividend is also another area o interest, analogue TV broadcast are
coming to an end in many parts o the word leaving behind spectrum in the ranges 470 862 MHz.
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
29/3329 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Fig. 13 Exisig Fe 3GPP Bs
opeig
b
B
me
tl
spem
uplik
(Mhz)
dlik
(Mhz)
Band I 2.1GHz 260MHz 1920 1980 2110 2170
Band II 1900MHz 260MHz 180 1910 1930 1990
Band III 1800MHz 27MHz 1710 178 180 1880
USA Band IV 1.7/2.1GHz 24MHz 1710 17 2110 21
Band V 80MHz 22MHz 824 849 869 894
Japan Band VI 800MHz 210MHz 830 840 87 88
Band VII 2.6GHz 270MHz 200 270 2620 2690
Band VIII 900MHz 23MHz 880 91 92 960
Japan Band Ix 1700MHz 23MHz 1749.9 1784.9 1844.9 1879.9
Band x 7.7/2.1MHz 260MHz 1710 1770 2110 2170
Japan Band xI 100MHz 22MHz 1427.9 142.9 147.9 100.9
New 3GPP
work items
USA Band xII Lower 700MHz 218MHz 698 716 728 746
USA Band xIII Upper 700MHz 212MHz 776 788 746 78
USA
Band xIVUpper 700MHz
public saety/private
210MHz 788 798 78 768
ETSI band
numbers
Band xV Paired 2.6GHz 220MHz 1900 1920 2600 2620
Band xVI Paired 2.6GHz 21MHz 2010 202 28 2600
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
30/33
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
31/33 Inorma Telecoms & Media
Intro to LTE
annEX
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
32/3332
Intro to LTE
Inorma Telecoms & Media
Pek e
Instantaneous downlink peak data rate o 100 Mb/s within a 20 MHz downlink spectrum
allocation ( bps/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate o 0 Mb/s (2. bps/Hz) within a 20MHz uplink
spectrum allocation)
cl-ple ley
Transition time o less than 100 ms rom a camped state, such as Release 6 Idle Mode, to
an active state such as Release 6 CELL_DCH
Transition time o less than 0 ms between a dormant state such as Release 6 CELL_PCH
and an active state such as Release 6 CELL_DCH
cl-ple piy
At least 200 users per cell should be supported in the active state or spectrum allocationsup to MHz
use-ple ley
Less than ms in unload condition (ie single user with single data stream) or small IP packet
use gp
Downlink: average user throughput per MHz, 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA
Uplink: average user throughput per MHz, 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink
Spem eiey
Downlink: In a loaded network, target or spectrum eciency (bits/sec/Hz/site), 3 to 4 times
Release 6 HSDPA )
Uplink: In a loaded network, target or spectrum eciency (bits/sec/Hz/site), 2 to 3 times
Release 6 Enhanced Uplink
Mbiliy
E-UTRAN should be optimized or low mobile speed rom 0 to 1 km/h
Higher mobile speed between 1 and 120 km/h should be supported with high perormance
Mobility across the cellular network shall be maintained at speeds rom 120 km/h to 30
km/h (or even up to 00 km/h depending on the requency band)
cege
Throughput, spectrum eciency and mobility targets above should be met or km cells, and
with a slight degradation or 30 km cells. Cells range up to 100 km should not be precluded.
Fe Ee Mlimei Bs Mlis Seie (MBMS)
While reducing terminal compleity: same modulation, coding, multiple access approaches
and UE bandwidth than or unicast operation.
Provision o simultaneous dedicated voice and MBMS services to the user.
Available or paired and unpaired spectrum arrangements.
annEX
8/3/2019 LTE-Planning Sec01 100509 v01
33/33
Spem fexibiliy
E-UTRA shall operate in spectrum allocations o dierent sizes, including 1.2 MHz,
1.6 MHz, 2. MHz, MHz, 10 MHz, 1 MHz and 20 MHz in both the uplink and downlink.
Operation in paired and unpaired spectrum shall be supported
The system shall be able to support content delivery over an aggregation o resources
including Radio Band Resources (as well as power, adaptive scheduling, etc) in the same
and dierent bands, in both uplink and downlink and in both adjacent and non-adjacent
channel arrangements. A Radio Band Resource is dened as all spectrum available to
an operator
c-exisee Ie-kig i 3GPP ri aess telgy (rat)
Co-eistence in the same geographical area and co-location with GERAN/UTRAN on
adjacent channels.
E-UTRAN terminals supporting also UTRAN and/or GERAN operation should be able to
support measurement o, and handover rom and to, both 3GPP UTRAN and 3GPP GERAN.
The interruption time during a handover o real-time services between E-UTRAN and
UTRAN (or GERAN) should be less than 300 msec.
aiee migi
Single E-UTRAN architecture
The E-UTRAN architecture shall be packet based, although provision should be made
to support systems supporting real-time and conversational class trac
E-UTRAN architecture shall minimize the presence o single points o ailure
E-UTRAN architecture shall support an end-to-end QoSBackhaul communication protocols should be optimised
ri rese Mgeme eqiemes
Enhanced support or end to end QoS
Ecient support or transmission o higher layers
Support o load sharing and policy management across dierent Radio Access Technologies
cmplexiy
Minimize the number o options
No redundant mandatory eaturesThe Study Item phase was concluded in September 2006 and the Work Item or 3G Long Term
Evolution was created. As epected, in particular the E-UTRA system will provide signicantly
higher data rates than Release 6 WCDMA. The increase in data rate is achieved especially
through higher transmission bandwidth and support or MIMO.
In particular, the study showed that simultaneous support or UTRA and E-UTRA UEs in the
same spectrum allocation was possible.
Solutions chosen or the physical layer and layers 2/3 showed a convergence between paired
spectrum and unpaired spectrum solutions or the Long Term Evolution (e.g. initial access,
handover procedures, measurements, rame and slot structures).