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History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
LSD and Consciousness
Arya Salehi Kristin Iwata Sean Cross
University of California, San Diego
June 1, 2007
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Outline
1 History
2 Background of Affected Systems
3 Effects of LSD
4 LSD and Consciousness
5 Discussion
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Outline
1 History
2 Background of Affected Systems
3 Effects of LSD
4 LSD and Consciousness
5 Discussion
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Initial Synthesis
Initial Discovery in Basel, Switzerland, 1938
Dr. Albert Hofmann
No apparent interesting effects
Testing discontinued
the experimental animals became restless during the narcosis
Bicycle Day
April 19, 1943
Found unremarkable properties curious
Self-experimentation
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Initial Synthesis
Initial Discovery in Basel, Switzerland, 1938
Dr. Albert Hofmann
No apparent interesting effects
Testing discontinued
the experimental animals became restless during the narcosis
Bicycle Day
April 19, 1943
Found unremarkable properties curious
Self-experimentation
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Bicycle Day Notebook
4/19/43
16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamidetartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about10 cc water. Tasteless.
17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visualdistortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh.
Supplement of 4/21:
Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis.(See special report.)
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Bicycle Day Notebook
4/19/43
16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamidetartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about10 cc water. Tasteless.
17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visualdistortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh.
Supplement of 4/21:
Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis.(See special report.)
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Bicycle Day Notebook
4/19/43
16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamidetartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about10 cc water. Tasteless.
17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visualdistortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh.
Supplement of 4/21:
Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis.
(See special report.)
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Bicycle Day Notebook
4/19/43
16:20 - 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamidetartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about10 cc water. Tasteless.
17:00 - Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visualdistortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh.
Supplement of 4/21:
Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis.(See special report.)
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Outline
1 History
2 Background of Affected Systems
3 Effects of LSD
4 LSD and Consciousness
5 Discussion
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Serotonergic Systems
Functions
Mood
Learning and memory
Cognition in PrefrontalCortex
Receptors
More than 15 receptortypes
5-HT#[n]
5-HT1A in limbic system
5-HT2A in CNS
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Serotonergic Systems
Functions
Mood
Learning and memory
Cognition in PrefrontalCortex
Receptors
More than 15 receptortypes
5-HT#[n]
5-HT1A in limbic system
5-HT2A in CNS
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Dopaminergic Systems
Functions
Reward
Movement
Receptors
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Some excitatory, someinhibitory
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Dopaminergic Systems
Functions
Reward
Movement
Receptors
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Some excitatory, someinhibitory
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Outline
1 History
2 Background of Affected Systems
3 Effects of LSD
4 LSD and Consciousness
5 Discussion
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Effects of LSD on Serotonin
Agonist or antagonist?
Initially, reported to be serotonergicantagonist
Later, found to modulate serotonergicfunction
Suggested that LSD has direct agonisteffect
Receptors affected
5-HT2A affected most
5-HT1A affected somewhat
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Effects of LSD on Serotonin
Agonist or antagonist?
Initially, reported to be serotonergicantagonist
Later, found to modulate serotonergicfunction
Suggested that LSD has direct agonisteffect
Receptors affected
5-HT2A affected most
5-HT1A affected somewhat
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Effects of LSD on Serotonin
Electrophysiology
Hallucinogens increase evokedresponses in neurons
Modulating hallucinations
5-HT1A activation inhibits 5-HT
5-HT1A agonists increase the stimuluseffects of LSD
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Effects of LSD on Serotonin
Electrophysiology
Hallucinogens increase evokedresponses in neurons
Modulating hallucinations
5-HT1A activation inhibits 5-HT
5-HT1A agonists increase the stimuluseffects of LSD
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Effects of LSD on Dopamine
Dopaminergic affects
Not many studies
LSD activatesdopaminergic systems
Not at very low doses
Not in nucleus accumbens
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Outline
1 History
2 Background of Affected Systems
3 Effects of LSD
4 LSD and Consciousness
5 Discussion
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Mystical Consciousness
Stace’s nine categories
Unity
Objectivity and reality
Transcendence of space & time
Sense of sacredness
Deeply-felt positive mood
Paradoxicality
Alleged and infallibility
Transiency
Positive changes in behavior
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Psychedelic Experiences
External senses
All senses enhanced
Synaesthesia
Internal perception
Subjects are certain oflucidity
Perception and ego mergeinto one
Time and space fluctuate
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Psychedelic Experiences
External senses
All senses enhanced
Synaesthesia
Internal perception
Subjects are certain oflucidity
Perception and ego mergeinto one
Time and space fluctuate
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Reports of experiences
Descriptive anomalies
Paradoxicality of reports
Limitations of language
Sensitivity to stimuli
Sensitivity to words
Music influences visualpatterns
Greater linguisticdiscrimination
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Reports of experiences
Descriptive anomalies
Paradoxicality of reports
Limitations of language
Sensitivity to stimuli
Sensitivity to words
Music influences visualpatterns
Greater linguisticdiscrimination
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness
History Background of Affected Systems Effects of LSD LSD and Consciousness Discussion
Outline
1 History
2 Background of Affected Systems
3 Effects of LSD
4 LSD and Consciousness
5 Discussion
Arya Salehi, Kristin Iwata, Sean Cross UCSD
LSD and Consciousness