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Lost in a Men’s World: Women in local politics as Gender Empowerment Tool. Lect.univ.dr. Adriana Stefanel Faculty of Journalism and Mass-Communication Studies, University of Bucharest [email protected]. Women in Romanian Politics-Facts and Numbers. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Lost in a Men’s World:Women in local politics as Gender Empowerment Tool
Lect.univ.dr. Adriana Stefanel
Faculty of Journalism and Mass-Communication Studies,
University of Bucharest
Women in Romanian Politics-Facts and Numbers
• One woman ran for the Presidency in 23 years of democracy;• One woman president of a political party;• Any woman prime-minister in the same period; any vice-prime-minister either; • Less than 10% women ministers;• In 2012’s Parliament the percentage of women overcome the symbolic barrier
of 10%
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
The Glass-ceiling in Romanian Politics
• Women and men do not (procentual )equally share the political power• In 2013’s Romania, public administration, defence, finance and foreign affairs are
still managed by male politicians (boy-clubs)• In the committee dealing with equal opportunities, there is only one woman, a clear
sign that in Romania equality is not for women• At the governmental level, in the last 10 years we note a improvement in the
presence of women ministers• In political parties is establish a model of exclusion of women from decision-making
spheres
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Academic literature
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Questions of our research
• How many women hold leadership positions in local politics?• What are the barriers that restrict access of women in politics?• Is the glass-ceiling model reproduced in deep layers of local politics?
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Methodology
document analysis:
1. Central Electoral Office’s documents related to 2012 local election campaign
• list of candidates from all local units• election results
2. Local administrations web sites
3. Political parties web sites
4. Confidential data-base of party-members
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Women in local politics
• 4 out of 42 administrative units (county) are led by women• 8 out of 84 women sub-prefects• no woman has been elected to lead a county council• A stronger female presence is reflected in the county secretaries: 15 out of a total of
37
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Women mayorsTip de localitate
Mayors Women mayors
% women mayors
Vice-mayors Women vice-mayors
% women vice-mayors
comună 2593 112 4,14 1874 98 5,22
Oraș sub 10.000 locuitori
77 2 2,5 43 5 11.62
Oraș sub 50.000 locuitori
107 2 1,83 72 3 4,16
Oraș sub 100.000 locuitori
22 0 0 28 3 10,71
Oraș sub 500.000 locuitori
30 1 3,33 42 5 11,90
Oraș peste 500.000 locuitori
1 0 - 2 0 -
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Women in executive positions
Tip de localitate Secretary Women secretary %
comună 2479 1307 52,72
Oraș sub 10.000 locuitori
70 39 55,71
Oraș sub 50.000 locuitori
104 52 50
Oraș sub 100.000 locuitori
23 8 34,78
Oraș sub 500.000 locuitori
27 8 29,62
Oraș peste 500.000 locuitori
1 0 -
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Gender exclusion map
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Barriers that restrict access of women in politics
• Willingness and ability to enter the political game• Overcoming filters preceding the candidature
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Willingness and ability to enter the political game
Partid Vicepreședinți Secretariat
general
Alte structuri de
conducere
centrale
Structuri de
conducere locale
total femei total femei total femei total femei
PSD 15 3 9 2 99 13 35 1
PNL 13 1 10 2 17 4 46 0
PDL 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PC 12 1 1 0 1 1 43 1
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Women’s political organizations
these organizations have less power within the political parties and representing a platform for male leaders
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Overcoming filters preceding the candidature
men women % women
County council 15669 1202 7,12
Local council 11975 3656 23,39
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013
Conclusion
• Women are exception (statistical aberration) in local Romanian politics• The low presence of women in the areas of decision reduces the women chances of
fair representation and reinforces stereotypical second-class citizens with fewer rights and more obligations
Dialogue-driven Change in the Public Sphere - 2nd ESTIDIA Conference, Bari 3-5 October 2013