Loss & Profit

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A STUDY THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAMME FOR 5th

STANDARD STUDENT OF BAL SHISHU MANDIR PRIMARY

SCHOOL ON MATHEMATICAL

PROFIT & LOSS

SUBMITTED TO

M. C. E. SOCITY'S JR.COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

AZAM CAMP PUNE- 0 1

RESEARCHER

PALASAKAR SWATI SAKHARAM

STD S.Y.D.T.Ed DIV: B ROLL NO - 41

GUIDE

SHEHNAZ MAM

M.C.E SOCIETYS JUNIOUR COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

(ENGLISH MEDIUM)

YEAR

2009-2010


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Index

Chapters PAGE No.Title

Certificate

Self Declaration

Dedication & Vote of thanks

List of tables appendix1.1 Introduction of topic of research

1.2 Introduction Background of

1.3 Need of the problem

Importance of the problem

Statement of aimOperation definition Assumption

Objectives

Assumption

Hypotheses

Sample

Scope and Limitation

2 Review of Related Literature

2.1 Review of related Literature

2.2 Innovation and usefulness of

3.1 Implementation of research work

Research Methodology

3.2 Sample

3.3 Tool & techniques of the

3.4 Remedial Measures

4 Collection of information and data

4.1 Presentation of information and data

4.2 Analysis of interpretation


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5 Summary conclusion and

5.1 Summary5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendations

5.4 Suggestion for the further research

Reference & Appendix list of the


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DECLARATION

This is declare that I have submitted the action research report 'A study

the effectiveness of programme to minimise difficulties faced by 5th standard

student in solving mathematical profit and loss' to the M.C.E. Society Jr.

college of education Azam camp for the partial fulfillment of D.T.ED course

and it is not submitted anywhere else for examination such material as has

been obtain from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the action

research study.

Palasakar Swati Sakharam

Researcher


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CERTIFICATE

This is certify that Miss. Palasakar Swati Sakharam has completed the study

incorporated in this action research report a study the effectiveness of

programme to minimize difficulties faced by 5th standard student in solving

mathematical profit and loss submitted by Palasakar Swati Sakharam was

carried out under my guidance such material as has been obtained from other

source has been duly acknowledged in the report.

Date :

Guide

Shehnaz Mam


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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Mathematics touches our life at every point. Everyone uses some

form of mathematics directly or indirectly in his daily life .Mathematics plays

a predominant role in our life and it .become an important factor for the

progress of our present day world Mathematics is not an invention but

discovery. As well as Mathematics is man made. Mathematics has not

become important only today but it occupied and kept his important place

from the earliest times .and is perhaps the only subject which merits is

distinction

Mathematics is the queen of all sciences. The scope of mathematics is very

wide. Mathematics is a basic science. hence, it has a wide scope .

Mathematics is not limited to curriculum of school, college and universities

but it is also need for the social and financial development of country.

When we buy something we pay the cost of that thing . The

prices for which an article is purchased is called cost price .The price for

which an article is sold called selling price

Profit -If the selling price is more than the cost price we say .seller

has made a profit

Loss - If the selling price is less than the cost price we say


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1.2 NEED

Mathematics subject having such a broad scope and utility was given an

important place in curriculum .Mathematics should be taught as a compulsory

subject .It was important in primary level .All primary level the syllabus was

totally skill oriented .In mathematics student of standard 5th do nit solve

problems regarding profit and loss correctly . 20 Student do not understand the

meaning of profit and loss .Student can not solve example related to this .

They mistake in this .

1.3 IMPORTANCE

This research would greatly help the student to avoid mistake in profit

and loss . It leads the successful gaining of knowledge about the profit and

loss . The students difficulties would be cleared . The student of standard 5th

understand about the profit and loss . They would get a good marks in

examination .


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1.4 STATEMENT OF AIM

A study the effectiveness of programme for 5th standard student of Bal

Shishu Mandir Primary School on Mathematical profit and loss..

1.5 OPRATIONAL DEFINITION

Effectiveness -Effect means change produced on action improved in profit

and loss.

Programme - It is a plan series for implement skill in profit and loss

Profit -If the selling price is more than cost price then seller has made a

profit & loss

Loss - If the selling price is less than cost price then seller has made a loss

1.6 OBJECTIVES

1 .To find out difficulties faced by student in solving mathematical profit and

lost.

2.To developed the programme to minimize difficulties .

3.To study the effectiveness of programme developed .


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1.7 ASSUMPTION

Student have knowledge of cost price and selling price .

1.8 HYPOTHESIS

If the treatment is given to student then their difficulties in mathematical

profit and loss is minimse .

1.9 SCOPE AND LIMTATION

SCOPE

This research will be beneficial for all primary , higher primary student

and teachers .

LIMITATION

1. The study is limited to only 5th standard .2. The study is limited to only for3. The study is only for 20 student in C division .


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CHAPTER N0.2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

Alter finalizing the topic of research it is quite essential for researcher to

take a review of the related literature . There view of literature to build up

the context and background of the researcher as well as provide a basis of

the formative of the hypothesis . Review of related literature acquaints the

researcher with work done by conduct the research .

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Amit Goel - Learn and learn mathematics Secondary school Books

Publication Pvt. Ltd Page No 39

Preface - Writer own face problem while learning mathematics at primary

and secondary stage why writer wants to write book on learning and

teaching and teaching mathematics that help student , teacher to learn and

teach mathematics easily.

In this book main focus given towards improving the skill of solving

problems faced to profit and loss .


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Mathematical problem solving issues in research Philadelphia the

Franklin institutes press

Preface -Writer thinks that mathematical problems are very useful in our

day to day life They helps to improve our life that's writer has written

book on mathematical problems solving.

3. D .T.ED. Research

Implementing a programme to remove the barriers in mathematical operation

of addition, subtraction of three digit number for std

Objective

1. To find out existing level of the student about addition and subtraction of3 digit number.

2.To arrange the programme for addition and subtraction of 3 digit number3. To check the effectiveness of the programme .


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2.2 INNOVATION AND USEFULNESS

INNOVATION

In previous literature found most work of research done on higher level

student and for the research work experimental method used . This research

is new research as it is held primary level. This researcher used experimental

method for research .

USEFULLNESS

This research is usefull for teacher as they understand the difficult at the

student while solving additional problem .

This research is useful] for D.T. ED student as they understand

where the student find difficulty while solve the problem .


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CHAPTER N0. 3

IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH

INTRODUCTION

In previous chapter research has taken review of has taken review of

related literature .In this chapter researcher has given the detail information

about methodology and procedure .

Research is systematic activity on attempt to obtain the answer of

meaning full questions educational phenomenon events and structure .

John .w. west

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

There are three methods of educational research

1 . Descriptive method2 . Historical method3 . Experimental method


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EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

In this research affect of one factor on the other. In scientific term

experimental research means examining hypothesis, indicating cause and effect

relation e.g . In study like story telling has any affect on reading of student

story telling and reading ability are not related with each other but we have

cause and effect relation .

Experimental research is conducted to affect on teaching method,

educational instrument, number of student in classroom on factor like

motivation, attitude towards education etc.

3.2 SAMPLE

Sample is part of population selected for analysis 20 student of Bal Shishu

Mandir Primary school Pune -37 .

SAMPLING METHOD

Sampling means method used for selecting sample from population

. There are 7 method of selecting sample .As follows

1) Random sampling method 2) Stratified sampling method3) Cluster sampling method 4) Purposive sampling method5) Incidental sampling method 6) Systematic sampling method7) Quota sampling method


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Purposive sampling method

In this method sample is selecting according to the purpose of

researcher . e.g. solving problem of difficulties in reading Marathi researcher

select the sample the student who are lack in reading .

Incidental sampling method

In this method sample is selecting according to the condition or fact.

Tools are basic material used for research.

Data collection tools: - researcher has selected pretest and posttest for

collection of information.

a) Pre-test: This test was given to the student without teachingto check their knowledge and according to the result program is

given.

b) Program: To develop achievement level of student make thestudent understand the content clearly the researcher used various

teaching aids for a particular topic.

c) Post-test: This test is given after implementing the program toevaluate the student's achievement.


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CHAPTRE N0. 4

COLLECTION OF INFORMATION & DATA ITS SYNTHESIS &

ANALYSIS.

4.1 PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION & DATA

Roll No Marks of Pre-test Marks of Post-test D=Y-X D2

1 9 9 0 0

2 8 12 4 16

3 7 12 5 25

4 8 10 2 4

y 8 9 1 16 7 12 5 25

7 7 9 2 4

8 13 15 2 4

~9~ 9 12 3 9

10 11 11 0 0

11 7 9 2 4

12 2 7 5 25

13 10 9 -1 1

14 11 13 2 4

15 10 13 3 9

16 11 13 3 9

17 7 8 1 1

18 9 10 1 1

19 5 7 2 4

20 9 12 3 9

168 192 D = 44 D2 = 150


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1)n

DD

1_ - mean of differences

20

115

= 5.75

D = 5.75

2) (6 diff) =1

.)( 22

n

nDDi

(6 diff) =1.20

20.)75.5(8802

19

2006.33889

19

20.661889

19

8.227

98.11

6diff = 3.4


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t =ndiff

D

/6

0

t

204.3

75.5

t4.4/4.3

75.5

t4.3

4.475.5

t4.3

3.25

t = 7.44

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Percentage of pre-test marks.

ofExamTotalMarksrofStudentTotalNumbe

ofStudentTotalMarks 100

=400

100

20

113

=80

113

= 1.41


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Percentage of post test marks.

=400

100

20

225

80

225

= 2.80

Graph :-

.

Y = 1cm = 1 percentage

X = 2cm = test

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Pre-testPost-

test


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CHAPTER NO. 5

SUMMERY, CONCLUSION AND COMMEDATION

SUMMARY

STATEMENT OF AIM

A study the effectiveness of programme for 5th standard student of Bal

Shishu Mandir Primary school on Mathematical profit and loss.

OPRATIONAL DEFINITION

Effectiveness -Effect means change produced on action improved in profit

and loss.

Programme - It is a plan series for implement skill in profit and loss

Profit -If the selling price is more than cost price then seller has made a

profit & loss

Loss - If the selling price is less than cost price then seller has made a loss


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OBJECTIVES

1. To find out difficulties faced by student in solving mathematical profit and

lost.

2. To developed the programme to minimize difficulties .

3.To study the effectiveness of programme developed .

ASSUMTION

Student has knowledge of cost price and selling price.

HYPOTHESIS

If the treatment is given to student then their difficulties in

mathematical profit and loss is minimize

SCOPE

This research will be beneficial for all primary, higher primary student and

teachers.

LIMITATION

1 .The study is limited to only 5th standard.

2. The study is only for 20 students in a division.


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5 . 2 CONCLUSION

The teacher procedure being according to surrounding atmosphere and

learning of student , teacher. Because influential and student with inspiration

was increased consequently. the student with more activeness enthusiasm and

confidence increase interest in teaching subject and mathematics .

5.3 RECOMMEDATION

1. The effective teaching should use for teaching mathematics subject like

analysis and synthesis Method , experimental method

2. Teacher should remove fear about maths subject from minds of student.

3. Teacher give extra time to solve example

5 .3 SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

1. Comparative study may be conduction to find out the effectiveness ofteaching method for 5th standard.

2. A study can be done to create awareness among the student 3. A comparative study can be conducted to find out reason for theremistake doing


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REFERENCE BOOKS

1.Best T. W. & J .V. Khan Research in education New Delhi,Prentice Hall

2. Kapole A. L . & PADIT B.B . Action Research & InnovationPune , Nirali Prakashan

3. Bhintade V. R. Shaishnik sanshodhan Prakashan Pune , Nilyanutan

prakashan

4 . Mule RM & Umathe V .T. Shaishnik Sanshodhanachi Multatve

New Delhi , Prentice Hall


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QUESTION PAPER

Sub - math Time -30 min

Std - 7th

Q . 1 Fill in the blanks in the table Marks -5

Cost price Selling Profit Loss

1

2

20 25

24 19

3 40 10

4 50 15

5 36 20

Q .2 Fill in the proper blanks in following table Marks -5

CP Rs SP Rs Profit Loss Profit Loss

1 5000 6000

2 2500 2375

3 7216 8118

4 8400 7875


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Q.3 solve the following. Marks - 10

1 .On selling lKg sugar for Rs 16.50 the profit was 10% .What was the cost

price per kilogram ?

2 . When Maniklal sold a car for Rs 3 ,45 , 600 he made a profit of 8 %

.for how much had he brought the car?


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APPENDIX

Roll No Names of Student Marks of Pre-test Marks of Post-test

1 Sandesh More 9 9

2 Komal Chavan 8 12

3 Sujit Lokhande 7 12

4 Omkar thorat 8 10

5 Pathar sitaram 8 9

6 Komal kamble 7 12

7 Mahesh lohakare 7 9

8 Samata madekar 13 15

9 Minakshi kolekar 9 12

10 Ajit kasal 11 11

11 Ravina nikal 7 9

12 Shreeram guklc 2 7

13 Nilesh shinde 10 9

14 Arabas sheikh 11 13

15 Pranjal sapkal 10 13

16 Ralik sayyad 11 13

17 Samiksha lhakur 7 8

18 Vijay bhamre 9 10

19 Priya birajdar 5 7

20 Santosh hinge 9 12

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Loss & Profit