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JIZTMOR

84 L I H ) ~ 011 i11v r.ig11i Side

F.hSilICITS

51 Y r w Role of ~IIP Jlaficral) 3lan

FOOD AND IlOhlE LIVlKC

52 Tlir XliFk I'II~II'II 70 C;~llit~ in tllr, Snrrrr.

pictarc? c r ~ d i t s F r i - h ~ l l , 5 H A ( n ~ u - I ' r r ~ n l F U L # C < ~ , 7 0 . 7 1 - i 11

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: - I I . I - F . I - ~I.L~T~~~EIIIII. Iltl.!~l- Frurlb II~IL~IIIHII. *) I &I:{-

Jnnwe H. h r ~ n b l ~ r . .-,?-lliro. 5,1-S(*-'l'uui hr w n r l 5lrh!!l1. ' ) ~ l . ' ~ l { - l ' l a l ~ ~ l l l Junlr l .

Address a l l Editorla1 Mall to 488 Madison Aue.. New York, N. Y. 10022. Address all Subscription Mail to LOOK Bullding, Des Moines, Iowa 50304.

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wI~l~rRtv ,.,i,iilmr n l l m l l l . ~ ~ ~ I ,,r I L ~ ~ ~ ~ W I . ~ 1 4 ~ : I - II~IIIIYII: I 1 v p i o n n .\. It. t.. 1. 1. (i, 1, N. tb. $', i<. 1 . V,. Y, lb l ! .JJ:b\ l . l ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ n ~ 1 ) , k . f . % l , t ) , ' l ' . \ . Y. X- ,%.\, I:(,. 1111. l.'l,:. Fl. <;<.. 1 1 1 1 ~ 11. KK. T I , , 11 1.8: Nr: ion* 11. J. 5 : U 1.12. \LIIJIIIT~PVEI a* m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I . ~ . I ~ ~ ~ - ln.1~1 b, f l u . 1'tl.t 0ff11.1. I ) ~ . ~ d r ~ n b ~ ~ i t . UIIUYU. I.u~R~R. R I I ~ I ,#:I?T~P~II ~II pn>9i: tzn. 11, n ~ m h . ! ' r i r~~n .a l i12 l l , > . \ ,

Postmaster: 5md Fwm 3579 to LOOK. D- Momes. Iowa 50304.

The Univel-sitv nf Caliionlin tlomir~nte~ the mo?it amlliliou:: *ys!rm

of scl~ools ant1 colleges aur. state go~~ert~rneiit has yet offered its p ~ o -

ply. California's five-year-old 4Txsler Plan For 1-liglier Etlucat ion

guarantees college. t u i ~ ion-free. lo e w r y 11 igh-sclrnol gl-acluatp in rlie

state who rva~lts it. 0111~ t11e elite-the top ~i~11111 the class-can

apply to 111e nine can1pust.a of the 11t1ivet.sily. Other!: in t11e 1011 third

can attend one OF 18 state mlleges. For rlte rest. tliere are 73 two-year

j11ni01- colleges, No1)ody i h I ~ f t out, l~ i~ less he t r a i l t ~ to l~e. Oiie 1.e5ult: Tlie qtatr is rich. (Crllifornia Ilas r'rmte(1 one or

r\ el.? hi^ t~rtl; 4merirban j o l ~ ill ~lir la-t five yr.ar.5. ) hlo~ie? C r r l l o ~ * * I~rnins. ant1 i l l all ; ~ g e shayetl I)? ~r.ie~icc atid ter.hi~alogy. the Cali- fornia coast j.: tllc l l rn i~~s c m l n . of the ruorld. "Ed~rcatir~u ncorv serves

thr pconolny and the t>road ~oc ie ty wlii~~Fi s i ~ p p o r ~ s i! to a11 extent

11 npl-~cedrnted i l l Iiisior?-," Uni\-ei*.;itv of California Presirleut Clark

Krrr has will. K P I ' ~ lias eve11 gii-ei~ a I I R I I ~ ~ ln tliis giil t t t tlew w-rvailt

ol' ..;oriet\-. He calls i t the rni~lri\ ersi~?-.

\S'i!h rtlore t l ~ t l r a 71,000 full-tin~e sti~cle~~t:: and 1 211.000 morr

ir~esten~it,ii ( ' ~ l l r s ~ ; . c i ~ l ifn~-llia'.; in111ti\ ~ r ~ i t v ~ f f e v t s t l ip I ift*r,fe\rer! -

OIIP i l l the &tit tc*-al~tl mi~n?- o u t ~ i r l ~ . 11s re-c~ai.e.Iiet.~ h;t\ c i~lvt*r i~ctl n 11e~l.n ol' tlir tt~~~ltivei.~it!.. I n S~l>teml)rt-. rhorrsantl- d stt~rlents at

Sje~ter. tolnnto : its ~)l~y+it-i*ts r111t two of' the uatic~rl's r t t t c . l e a ~ ' - ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ h i l r flagdbip rampus. Rer.keley. 1)~ga1i lo defy ut~ii-ersitl; officials !%.it11

1nl)s. Los _4laino.k ; t i l t1 Livet-more : i t 1dt1n1iei.s are >h~-iping at1 riiti~*c sit-ins. rlussroom strikes and almost clail? demonstrations. They .. u e w c i t ~ n r o r r i i t l a f i ~ t u ~ ~ c ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ ~ t t l ~ o f T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ l c ~ . T l i r i t ~ u l t i - saiclthc!-~vere.f:glrti~~gfor'Yitee~peerl~, tllattheac-Imioi~tratiol~

Y P I ' S ~ I ~ ~ 1 1 a i i s 1 0 speiirl some $6.57.000-000 i t i 11ie cctrnillg school yrilr, dlould Irt tlier~r use the cainpns for social and politirbal artion. R u t over half of it in F~dci.aI contrilrt~ ; ~ n d gr;it~ts. 1)~liiiid h e i r nssaul~ on atitliori ty. a.: llie rollo~ving stories reveal. lie

Ymt a t i t s 11eai.t. any ctl~~catinilnl cntcrprise mu<[ I I ~ m ~ a s ~ ~ r e d dt-cper- implicatjon~ that na parent. st~zclrnt or edi~catot- can ignore. 11y a nlc~rnent of c'omm i i i i i c ) ~ t I~etxveril t~a rhe t . anrl stu-

I ~ P I ~ I . n~rt.111 PI elit-: have rupo~ctl a -rrjou+ flaw in 1 1 1 ~ BEHIND THE

CAMPUS

Last Deceln1)er I. strlne 9,O(H) of S e r k ~ l c ! ' ~ 27.500 ~ t u d e n t s skipl>ed class~s to prtrtesl the arTesl of 77'3 "Frre Speecrll M o r e ~ n e n ~ " sit-ins un c . ~ ~ ~ ~ p u c the ~ l i ~ l l t Irefore. S ~ I I Fran- c4st.o newspapers liar1 been ilnl)l)i~lg f o ~ e Iwr, ~nnliths that llic ~ ~ l ~ l - i q i n s was the lu~)rL of a mall 1ninl)i it!'' of "11a1 rl- cure" r l e ~ ~ i n ~ ~ s t r a t o r s i~~f lur t i t . e~ l h\ t r f f - r n ~ r ~ l ~ ~ ~ s ratlicals. But hy the nelr real. lhp. aims-ir 1-401 nli the d i > ~ ul~t ivc tactics-

o r tlie FSM hail s i r l ~ p o ~ t from nin+l .;lurlrt~ls and a ~najoi i ty crf lkrkelcj -s clpensivr faculty.

.+We are ~ r . ! ins lo 111 in; the Iiu111an element hach irlto our ed ur.atio11." csl ys blichael Ro9s1na11. n fi rst-vear rnatlle- lmatics g~a t lua le s t u d e ~ ~ ~ .1+41o >tarlr.d as an trlrser\t~t. !)tit quickly I>er.aine a Icatlev i r i the revc~lt . He nrticulatrs n sus-

picion 11csw Iloulisliin; atiioirg stuilents at G e ~ L p l ~ y and e1servh~1.e: that the m i ~ l ~ i v ~ v s i t ~ ic sn oI1~ilir1lt 10 the rc on-

,)my ant1 ~ l l r qotietv 111a1 it rannot trlllv ~drrrn,u I I I I ( ~ P ~ -

~ r a d u a t e s . -'!I is ~ , ~ o d u c . i r ~ p 11ea1lj ~LII . I IC*(I c~oml~r>~rrnts Car ~ I I P l)is I I I L ~ ~ I I ~ I I P outsicle- 1io1 i ~ l t l i ~ i , l t ~ a l . 11ii1)hiliy peor>le..'

1 .ike Inally of loday's s ~ u r l c ~ l t 1pa.Jr1.s. I:o.;slna~i has S ~ I P I I ~ lime tl.\int: Ln clog the ~ n a c l l i l ~ ~ . o n I)irl\et Iinrs for civil I ight.. againsl rsllilal pu~rishrneiil aiid 1I1e FTnnse C0111B

n~itttte on U I ~ - ~ I I I P I i ~ n n Ac*tivi~ie?. R u t tlli- year. Iic I ~ a d hopecI In ~ i t h d r n w Trnln the h.nnt lines to work qu ie~ly illto tht- nigh1 ~vi th his ~ n a t l ~ . Lo t r ' ana l i~ t~ the Sl)anish poetry he loves. tn p r a r l i c ~ OII Ilis 1,arotlrle rrrnrder. For n retv

iverkq at llie Irrpinning uT [he term. Ire n ~ a ~ i a p c d i t all. plus instructir~? A Peare Cmps trllil ant1 11e lp in~ teach a slafis- tics cm~rst?. "SO few p~n1)le (In ntry,hing." Enssman sliruys, "fiint they'le a111azrc1 I)y soineunc who clues a liltle hit."

"r;~'rib rlicrkin.: rhnngrr i ~ r ~ n r i r l s rr.itb nrrr art-II r ~ r o hnr~rls." says Rorsrrlarz. "Tl/crt's 11 ~ t c ~ i i , ir~c~1in;l lor rvy g~~srrrrtior~."

-4s a tenching nssistant, Rossman swcots to

transmit the joy n~nthernntics

g i t w him. "It t n ' t t m r k . Thr intelleer demands ra~u mctu. . . . E c m feed

it lhase pretty patterns."

I4 i r i i !, ir ! : I ; , 1 1 1 1 . / . , ~ / ' ( , I I ~ I I : .'!! 1 . 1 ) 1 ~ 1 , I I \ I I - ~ I ~ , ~ L ' I I - - I ~ I t e l l . I ~ P I I ! P / / 1 6 1 i , / I I I ~ / 1 1 1 1 r / r w t r ~ ~ l t l t , I , ! ( . f i r 11+'11 " / : ~ , . \ . ~ I I I , I ~ I I ! F I I J I J ) , . ~ 11111 O! col/rpr fi~r ttrw y r , r r r s I t , dig r l i / th< ' . r '-trirc/ thirrl;."

CAMPUS R EV 0 LTco.t,n..d

TVe fl1r7.r etrch of7rer/la on. f S

l l i r l~ar l Ros911lan has I ~ c r n nrt.cstrtl f n r h i e part i 11 111e

Rrl.krJey rrva!t, exper.ts to Ijr jailed aynin. alld ~ t ' i l l not .;trq) i~a,-~in; thy ?;trt.irty arouz~rl him.

Flr i s 3 trrr~rl,letiiaker. Ii-1 Iie i3 also a srrinns stu-

tlcr~t rr.Ein IIII~PS t h ~ trouble has helped thr r~riivt:rsit!. .. '-A1 1 1 1 ~ 1 I )cginr~in~ of this car. hc sa! s. "1 rl ir l l l ' t care 15 t ie t l i t~~ ~IIP t ~ i i i v ~ r ~ . i t y stol)rl 01. Fell." I t sevin~d tam [big. itui 11tpr'pstprl i t 1 hot lie nric[ his I r i ~ i l r l s value.

'I ' l it=~ t u ~ r ~ r - r l l lol to 11wir f m ' t ~ l t ! . l ~ ~ t to enrh qotllrl..

"OUI* ~ro111) i~ a I i t l I ~ i 8 1 1 i j t w i l v . i 1 1 a livi117 5~nce."

UOFSII~:~II =m 5, "i\ t* exc.ilta vnr-11 r111wr. \vt- 1i1r11 ea(di

1,111r.l- OIL I pot irltrl-rslctl i t ) i n t u i t i r ~ mat11 wilt1 .. f~.Et,i~rl.;. riot ill a c-la~srnom.

I\ l t c ~ t l ~ r rnr11 It?. j oi IIPII I lit: I~~I-o~I.. R~BS.I~~RII s a i d ' . \OI\ , I ch;tll 1 0 1 ~ . l l le tdntt. . 11 has c.nme d ive . 17nr the first Iiaiw. llrq>I-c~so1's il1l11 slurletha ;ire i l l lordcl~."

Do professors agree? Turn the page.

JET-AG PROFESSORS A F T E I ~ A L E X T ~ R Y of ritlicl~lt, nntl nryl(1c.t. the ~rthcl. rlrrwri. Ihrriry +iliirlltcrs anrl r;:~l>!~n~it.:iIs. l i ~

Ameriran univer~ i ty prn f r~sn r ha.; cwnc tlpnn jv15 hit11 liis wiIv and 11ire~ r l ~ i l ~ l r e t ~ 10 Eurol~t,. swrul 1irnt.s. +:I rsrpone rvnnl~ lhr I ~ ~ n ~ f i l t ~ r his wl~tirt= ~ I P SPi-vrF nrl R U \TO arlvisorl Iirlarrl. What- hra i r~ -gc~c t+ r~~a~~~~r i t , industry. frl~uttfntio~~s and. of cnur.;i7. u r t i \ e r~ i t i r~ . Their I~liu~dislitiient arr

yliltt-ry: rxprnsire tools. esten.~ivcv tirnr. i t l lensi!~ trnjrl and er;reltetit pa!.. l>stcrtln!'5 tc)urr-hor~ntl profewor o f t~ i i ~nnnnliphted LO ~nakr. cntls mrrt. ' ~ I I P jv t -a~p jrrr~fessot.. i f lie's gcrrlrl. car] ~ r r i t ~ his ~ r u n tir-Lei. ORP 110 i s and tloes i s ]>ir-turrtl h ~ r r .

C;tv)rp R'inslat.h. den ti of T l ~ r k r l r ~ ' s Collegr c ~ f Er i~ in~r r i r i p . is a profrssr~r of nerrlnnutical en- yineeriiip. A r:olleague calls Ililn +'tl~e o ~ ~ ~ ~ t n ~ i d i t ~ p experitn~~italist in the rrorlrl" in l i i s field. rarrf i~rl- PNS d\ ~tilmirc. 'Twire ret9elitly. \laslncli has turtirrl (I~Iw t i ''%5(E.OCIO k i ~ ~ r l of tliiny~" Irnm itidustr! l~r- cms i ln f l i f ~ as he now lives it is trro rxciting. TI'S three mitirltes I ro~n Ilis campus ofice. where l ~ c s u j ~ e r v i * ~ ~ LIIV e~ l~~(v t t i on of an iilorrlinatr n~rml)cr of file liatitm's I~etter rr~ginerritlg sturl~nts. tn his c:n~~tein~~trrarz I~nme in ilic I~ills allow. where. from his I~nlcrlny. illr entire Eay Area spreatls I,eTr~re I~irn. !luring t l i ~ svl~nol year. he avrrapes at Itlast one trip a monlh East ns a const~itntit. and turns nn-

IN BERKELEY HOME. +fosSnclt rxplnins tie11 v

1 1 t h frtrnrrl rlort.81 Irrhn K l i ! f ~ r p of lpss

!rntn i n r l t ~ s f r y . - 'T /~P lit-it~g'a tnn pnnrl hrarr*."

ctrer ran lw p i t ied from liIr nmtrtzy t l i r - ar-atlei~iic elite. Genrpr hlaslacli i s tatt tin^.

ljut are etutjcr~ts ~ r t t i n p ~rdlnt tllcl should f ronl [ ) I ' O ~ F . F ~ I I ~ P l i k ~ GPI)I.~C hlaslacl~ ? The qir es- tinn dnniinntrs acarlemir F I P ~ F I ~ ? today. CI-itical ptlurators c l t a r ~ ~ that tnarl! prc~rrsmt.~ L I ~ ( ! rrl- s ~ a r r h grnnls a ~ i d cnnsult in? Ft=c>s I;(, s ~ c I l ~ t * t i v ~ the! have ell 11ut alratlclnnrrl tr~nclling. T f it's not

~ I I P ])rof(~ssor. it's his ur~i\,t:rsi!y. rr!iicli. mindful of i ts rel~lltalinn. rl~rnand3 !It31 he "publisl~ or p~risl i ." E i t l i ~ ~ ' ~va! . 11ic: nrpuincnt Ilnltls. tlip stu- t l ~ n t 10pt.s n ~ r l . T ~ a r - l i i ~ i s is Fvrc~urntl~ allun!etl in

as4stants ant1 prncli~ntc. s t l ~ r l r ~ i ~ ~ . RTativ ut~rler- yrnduatrs hnrr ord! pnsp iu~ r:r.oritatmt 5% it11 11ir I I P ~ ~ Cnculty mind5. Sturlmts arc all I.out frlrgott~n. sa!s

a recent C a r r ~ r ~ i e Foundation r~1101.t. in the "hend- Inrig senrt.11 For Innre ant1 I ~ ~ t t t l - grants. Fatt~r Gees. hipllrr salaries. Iiigller ralik." Atttl 1)et:ausc Gal's raculty is rattkrl anlorlp thr tn11 Inu r tintionally. t l ~ v I:t.rkelry rdarnlrrls i s it~veriahl\. viler1 as f l i t vitlain- 1x1s p l .n to t \p~ nl 3 "u~~ivrrsi tv on tht, makr."

S u r l ~ almsrs tliqmay nlaslnc-11 and GPorg~ T'ir~ie~~tol. the re51 less. romlnit terl cI1etni9t r! ~ ,~ .o lcs - sor pi('t11r~r1 1111 ( I I P t i ~x t pi~gt,. :It Ilel+kelvy. i t is a

QT WASHINGTON CONFERENCE, ~tErrslrrrfr shrtrtar rr Eight hrr(~li it) hr*rl~.y prort-rrlirrgs.

CAMPUS REVOLT continued

far~rl ty stars tpach undrrgrarluatc c:oilrses in atlrli- Rerkelt-?. lest tliry bp lost in the 1)iyneqs. Pirnentel er~anized a freshman wience honors proFihain de- sipnrd to stimulale taletited mint15 throug11 close facult!-st~rrle~it contact.

In one vital r r s ~ ~ r c t . hnwever. hntIi p rofes~nrs find the current r r i t ir-ism sy~ecious. To thcni. tht:re is no choiche Iwtrr-een research aticl tearhinp. The only choicc is I t t b t ~ j * ~ ~ r ~ metjiorrity nncl e ~ r e l l e n c ~ . Ttiere a r e Frrv root1 teachers r\rho rlon't do re- search. lhey rwnter~rl: rtrost researrli translates into good tearhing. MaaZach : "Research and tearliing art: s>nonymnrls words. If y o t ~ dor1'1 do re5earch, you're going to he R t rnde srho01." Pimentel : "Re- seearr:l~ and (raching we l ikr sin aticl c n t ~ f e s ~ i o r ~ . If yo11 rloti't do atiy of the fornier. yo11 don't have ariythiny to talk allout En the lntter."

Ilerirath illr lieat are questions that American uni\ersities, alrenriy spliltitig at lire seams, m115t

r-onfront at once: What i s a t~nirersit!. for? \\'lie F F I O I I I I I s l i~dy ~ l ~ e r e ? TIIF: vision ol IHPII like ~ ' I R s - I R G ~ I and Pimentel is a5 new as 1111, future. as nld as rnerIirva1 Oxforil. A utiivrrsity is. almre all. for aclialarshil~. and for stildpt~ts IV . ILII ~ h r : ~ ~ n t r n t i n l to IIP ~ c l i o l a ~ . ~ . 5nvs Pituentel: '*The pl-imnry 011-

tigation nl the universily is 10 make sui-t= tIie1.e is n p l a c ~ h r ~ I T P Y P ~ V lws! studer~t . I f Ire do11.t tlo it. rinhntlv else will."

The average studotit ? This !-ear. Mnslarh ],re- dirhts. Rerkelev w i f l suggest to its 21).1100 a l ~ l ) l i r a r l ~ ~ that marly of them fni~ht learn tnnre atid ~ I R ] ) .

piri* at nnr California's manv ?not1 Four-)ear cnllegm. Given !he rlernat~ds of lllp jet ape. P L I ~ . ~ a snlution ma? It? ut~avniclal~lc. "\Vv watit a Frl>\\ ing perrrntaye crf nur ~ ~ o l ~ u l a t i o n to Ile going Lo the 11nive1-sit!.," s a y (;cr)rge Pimen!el. "ltu t t\ e dijn't want the caliller of their eduratirrn to detEitie."

tinn to graduate seminars. T t i s a matter ctf hnnrlr

t E ~ t ~~rolessors nnt let outside work interfere with their teach in^. and no t arcept work that doesn't rnharice it. Neitlltr linnor nor 1~nlir.v i s rinle~ecl riearly so of tc t~ as rhargetl. MasIacIi and PimenteF agree. but rat.11 would like to see such violators as do esist srn t I~ackina.

Ijoth men rnakrr:nnsrinu~ efforts trr work rvitlr t ~ n r l e r g r a d u a ~ ~ s . Says ilTaslacll: "If arty s tudpr~t thirtks ~ r ~ n l r s h of me to ask me to arlvise him. 1. hy Gnd. am p n i n ~ to respo~id. cccn if i t takrs hot~rs.'" Pirnr.nrel iiever lork5 hip. olTice door. His ~ t u r l ~ n t s reyere Iiirn. SRYP one: "Witli him. you're a pal-

league ra!ht.r t l~an an anrlerliri~." The author of a ~oli11lar higE~+scltr)oi c.t~rmistry trxthook. Pi~nentel learner1 a k a ~ . ! ~ a r 9 tllat l ~ i ~ l i - ~ c . l ~ o o l t c n r h ~ r s rrcrre cot~neel i t~g 111tlir I~ctter sturle~its to avuid

. -- PROF. GEORGE PIME'FIITEL,

o ru~n tbr r of JI~.rlir,lry's soprrEl

rr'lcnlis~ry Jnrriltl,. is i r r r rsrign~ing t h r n t ~ ~ ~ r ~ s p h r r r * (11 d f ~ ~ r . ~ . "Rcsrrrrrlr i s !It P rrnsn?l I'nr t r t f h ~ t trt ir~rr~i~y,' ' h srry.~. "'I Jot:(, I n t m r h . I I R I I ?c~trl~lrln't I j r . h r ~ ~ i f I ro~rldn? (do rrsrtrrrlr."

PRODUCED 131' 1,EON ARD CROSS

PAOTOCR>IPHED RY JAMES H!INSEN

CAMPUS REVOLT...,...d

"I'M

Tllrl; kr~c-\v n nilrnr. a f;rcr. a ~rarl t- . Rut-to t l i ~ i r own surl>riw--ie~v knc-1,- tlic- Iiurnnn l~cing. Otrr =t>arch M cnt on.

After Irttirli on S ~ ~ > t ~ r n l ~ ~ r 30. Fusco ant1 1 interruptetl R stroll torrnrrl Sl~roul Hall (rhr campus ~( l rn in i~ t rn t ion huiltling I to rcatcli n h115Iiy-l~niretl younF man mnunt a clmir to Iiilranpll~ il c111ster OF etu , l~nts . Tlr was hlario Savin. rlliiil.rnan of c;lInI,us I.'rienrl? of SYCC,

e ci \ i l+r ig l~ts gvo1113. He nnrl Four nthrrs llorl 1lt.t.n summonrtl to tltt: I l m n ' ~ of'iict. for hl.rnking t~n icuss i~y r t~les n ~ n i n s t ovcrt political action -soliciting f~lnrlr;. rrcruitin~ tn t~~nl ,e r~ . o r p n i z i n p ofi-camI~il~s dchmon- ?ti-ations-on thr campus. \\kulrl rrll of you. i ~ r nskrrl. follor\r us inlo S1~i-ou1 Hall in a 1;11o\v of ~olitlfirity a g a i n ~ t tlitxse unjust rulcp?

"H~rli!"' 1 witl tn Fu~co . "Fle'll 11r I11cky ii lie gets a rloxen." Tn

HERE." my collrge r4ay5. Ilc. ~voultl proI~nl>ly linve got now: I ~ n t totlap. PZII-

~lt=nts are morr action-prone. ant1 Berkeley i~ 1 1 1 ~ nlost "I~oliticiz~cl" caml)t~s in Amel-ica. so I Fare him ;I few. At 3 1l.m.. Snvio Ierl RnO ~ t z t t l r n t ~ intn Sproul Hall. \ \ l ~ r r ~ ihpy stagrcl n 12-11011r sit-in nnd

r n - 1 1 ~ ~ C L ~ S S E S t tar teal a t n~i-kplry Iiist SP~I~PIIIIIPT, 1 , n o ~ ~ > l i o t o ~ - rnpllrl. Paul Fr15co ant1 1 w r r on tlit, carn1311~ i n t e r v i r ~ i ~ ~ p 1loarrt5 of ~ T O ~ P ~ > O T ~ ant1 arlminietmtorr;. \\r r \ ~ ~ ~ i t ~ - t l tllcm tn 11(.11) 115 illustrate a n article nhout thr Iwnefitfi of CaliFornia'r i ~ u p r i n v e ~ t ~ i l ~ n t in IiigIirr ctfucation. 1 r asketl tlirir 11(~111 in finrlin= n stl~flenl n.110 leonftl carry tllr rirlira of thr ~ ~ n i r p r s i t y o ~ r t into the worltl tvitli him-pcrli;lp> a top yurlnp 5 c i ~ n t i ~ t M I I O s t r r ~ c I i ~ ( i l ~ i m s ~ l f in many dilrctio115. inclu(l- ing i l~r arts. off-cnrnllus politics. t l ~ t a coflet.l~oust. set-r~r.

Tllr proffr.s~ors ant1 r l e a ~ s r w - c te ry corriial. ;\lost ?art. 115 li-15 of 31nrior students. "Norv. ~ r h a t is pPrson likr?" rye r\ oultl ask. point- ing to a namr. Ti~nc. aftcr time. ~ 1 . r 11t.nrrl: "1-m . . . you know, I 111ou$1t I cnulcl 111.111 you. ]rut 1 really rlon't yep t l i r ~ t ~ I ~ y ~ l ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I c I I . "

\\'I. tlr,citletl that milny tt.nchrrs 1i ;~rI Iwrn foolin? t l i r ~ n t ; ~ l r ~ * . Strr~+o~in(letl 27,300 young peollic, t l ~ y t l ~ o u ~ l ~ l I~IC! Cincrt etutlcwts.

l l y amazement 1v1.n.~ soon the arnnzrn~~nt of preryonr. incluriing prof~ssore. ntlministrators. rlnivrrsity rcpt-nts and 11ir' nation.

Sario ant1 wren ot l~prs were su~pentlrr l from tliz. university. The nrvt (lay. rrsrllt ful ~r t ~ d ~ n t s P P ~ rll~olit ~ I ~ l i l > ( ~ r a t ~ l y l>r('ilkit~=; t l ~ e rulrs. At 11 :,1.5 a.m.. 21 tlrnn nntl n campus policcmrrn koItl an 6.u-sti~dmt w.110 I T ~ ~ I G P ~ to 1~il1.e an i l l ~ ~ n I CORE r ~ c ~ u i t i n g taide in front of Sl~soul Hall that I I P rcas rtnrler arrtbst Tor trrspassing. nncl Ivrl him to n nearhy ~ ~ o l i c e car. lrnmt*tliatcl~. sevelal lianrlrt-rY stutlcntr; s~irrounrleil the car anti 5;rt tlogtn. I < r e n t ~ of the nest 32 Iio~irs crystallizetl a pattern of stti(lpnt ~ c t i o t ~ tllr'tf I IRS Instrtl into 1965. Ahout 3.000 s t a ( l ~ n t s con- rrrgr.tl clrt Sprcll~l Ha [ I Plnxn ; pcvt-rsl l l~~ntlrptl o t l l t ~ s sat-in in S l > r o ~ ~ l Ilnll itwlf: tlie roof e l the traliperl car herame a lor a t;tretlm of orntorr;. ~ i t h %\.in ~ m c ~ r g i n g a5 rl~ir-f talker. Tlie ~ i s t rlf tilt. qw*erl~t.+ rvns cinllilv: Tltr +t i~ t i~~ t i t s ( l i l t not inttanrl to disperse unril t Ilu :~ciltiini.;t mt ion rc~norcrl a1 1 r ~ ~ t l - i c t ions on "free s~)wch"-i.r..

i ' r r s i r l ~ ~ ~ t (:lurk K r r r trs/:rrl,

"Fhar's so irltrllrrrz~fll nborit . grnh l / i~ lg prnylr, b~ thr, Ii~prd to ~ ~ I ~ I I I r~ p i r k ~ t /in(,?''

CAM PUS REV0 LT ...q, .... I~n l i t icnl act ivi t y-on rampus an tl l ~n r r lon~ t l 111 t eight lcntlcre.

Erirlentlv convinc~r i that a small cadre of ratlicnls wa4 manipti- latinp rEtr1 CFOM>(I. t l i ~ R~rk-k~ley atlmini~traticrn nnnouncctl that n mob cnulrl not Iorre it to nt\go~iatt-. California Gov. Etlmuncl C. Rrown tlt*clnrrtl. ''Tlii~ ~ v i l l nnt he to l~ ra t~ ( l . " T!nmovetl, t l i ~ ~ I ~ m e n s t r a t n r s ~tilyetl t l i r m ~ g l ~ !lie night and the nest (lay. talking ~tent1il.v. At rluqk, trnsion in the crn~vd surlrlenlv hecamc almost Mis~issippian: morr tlrnn Snl) srmrtl. Ilrlmrtctl policrmen were a~f;eml,ling l~ellincl Sl)roul Hall. S t l ~ r l ~ n t s Fwpan linking arrnq.

Concrrnefl faculty mrmhers laatl Iwpn trving to metliatr fwtrvp~n f;tutlr*nts ant1 atlministlwtorq. Finally. 1Tnirerr;ity of California PI-P.G~- (It-nt Clark Kerr. a former ln l~or al.hitrnzor. rlrcitltd to r e r - ~ r s ~ thil 311-

mioistrntion's qtancl. Just after [lark. lie signer1 an n g r e r m ~ n t that t*l;~t~rl 1 1 1 ~ rtzI,~ls. Not only woulrl the C ~ S P P of tlie ~ i ~ l l t iiuspendrtl stu- dents l,e r e r o n ~ i t l ~ r ~ r l . hut il far~rlty-~turl~lnl-ntlminihrrntion cornmittre would IIP r r ea f~c l to sturlv "all aqltlcts of po l i t i r~ l 1,elrarior on cnm- -. 11t1s. Tlie army of I m l i c ~ I t h f L . Tfie d~rnon5trators cli~llcrsctl. Tliv cilp- t u r ~ r l police car. its rnof f lnttrn~rl . (lrovp o S F . Tlie next rlay, rehel leatl- vrs announct=d olXcinl form:ltion of n "Frrr Slwech 310vrrnmt."

Since tlien. t l i r slruggle ~ P I W P C ~ stuclent~ nntl aclministrntion lias surgtvl hack anti forth armss the I3erkrlev r:ttnllus, wit11 an increasingly nlnrm~cl rac~ilty trying 10 makr Iwncrx, r a w l ra( l r rs cnntit~ti~rll tn p r e ~ s ilrlnantls a l io~ t= rl~tniln 5llif1etl rc it11 Pvrry clash. ! u ~ t tr.liicl1 nrver clr- partrrf from two l)l-iricil>lr.. Tht. strrtlr~~rte ~van t :

1. 710 l1.4~ tlltl cantpus as n ]lase for off-cnrnl~lls I~oli t ical nntl social act ion wirltour rv:~r o f l , un i~ l i~nrn i 1)y tllr r ~ n i v ~ r s i t ~ . 2. To nlnkr fnr l~l ty ant1 s t l ~ t l e n t ~ tlip ~ ; f l e jurlges of etll~cational I~olicv. retlocing ;~tlmitiis- triitivr officrrc to liou..;rkr~per3 "raisin: rnnnpy. cleaning i;itlrrzn!ks, ~ ro l . i t l i np Tooms for 115 to 19'or.k in." as Savio puts it.

Tlir I~oarrl of r ~ ~ c . n t ~ - t l i t ~ un ivpr~ i tv's wprrUme ruling l>orlv- agrrtltl witfi Presirlmt lirrr 's conviction tliat " r \ ~ m u ~ t makr w r e t31t* un i v~r s i ty (IOPP no! Iteconic~ :r ~nrictuarv For mounting illrgal .. action, off t l ~ r carnprw. Tlip Rrrkt~IclY f a c ~ l l t ~ . f l o ~ v ~ v e r , was j a r r ~ ~ l arvakr t f ~ p tIt~1)rrntr 11~1iness of t l ~ p 5turlent~' re1,t=ntetl at tack5 on t11~ ~( J rn in i~ tmt ion . In rh-rr.rnl)rr. t l t t a Arntlt.mic S~nnt t . propowd n penre plan t1i;lt ~ - o u I d S R I isfY almost nl'l FSM .rl~mnnrls. >Inn! f;irulty mern?,rrs ncl~nittrtl that s t t~drn t s ltatl roictarl coml~laints heforr t l ip up- .. rising. 1 ~ 1 t tli;~t "noltotly rvns listrriing.

A n app;lscntly s i rn1~l(~ cli.ql,ut(= Itct\vt.en aclivist ~~utlrmnt* ant1 ~ i n i - vt~rsitv offirial7-rvliic-11 tb\Pryorrr in the <tat(= ivoulal h a v ~ I ~ e n wlirret l trl 111ink ( I T as il hitirl O F glorifivtl pantv ruicl-rvw turning into 1~11nt +CF-

ciolngist St*ylno~tr l lur t in Lilwq,t ant1 I>oliticnl ~citanti5t Paul Srnltirrv i I~otll first-string R ~ ~ k r l r y / ~ r n f ~ s s o i - ~ F call "tIlr g r ~ n t e ~ t crisiq ~ r l ~ i c l ~ a tnnjor imt i t i j t inn 0 6 Iligllt-r I ~ n r n i n g in Anim-ica h:~* rvrr fnctvl."

'The crisis il; great I I C ' C ~ I ~ I ~ P 5 t 1 1 i l ~ n t ~ ilt 1 3 ~ r k ~ l ~ v a r e making [In- ~ j r t ~ c m l r n t ~ i l ilvtni1n4 1.i on tliri r t.lrlvr~. Pol it+ :I?H I f r w ~ I P P C I I qwnr- Itt,;t(l tIji,ir Irrotrrt. llut a l)o\cvrFtrl rnm'i~l cli+ql~it't motivntr-s i i . TIit~y arta askins an oltl. r rq~r r tn i , l e r lu~st ion: "Jt15t ~ r h n t tln ynrl think :In rtluration is /or?" I 'niwrsity ~,rr,sirft-nt.; itntl l ~ r o f ~ c * o ~ - b 11nvt. 1,1,rtl

grntrrl ly asking tItil! ob eficli otlier for prnrs. nntl h a r e st~t.iti~tI at- i~ f iprf ivitll i ~ l ~ + ! l . i ~ i ~ t i lns~\(-rs that ~ \ + ~ r t > no ansrvrr nt all. f < t i t nrlrc. r i ~ t : ql#ta'tifinrr5 a r r not gpntvel. AIICE tlieY clr~nlnntl a11 an4wer.

%1k111~ ~ ~ w l d l t - l ikr Midlael Rossrnnn ( nnrl Mario S:rvin. who tt-m- pornrily rvi11ltlrt.w from tlie univprsilv ) tlo not like the worltl tlirv lice in. T1if.y cur~si t l~ . r it i~n ju r t ant1 llyl~ocritical. They have hvnrrl too many l>liony p r o r n i ~ e ~ from1 cnntl i t latr~ M lto offer more opportunism than Ivacl r rs l~i~~. Tljc?; I~nvp w e n tlir (:ovt-rnnlr,nt they nrv loltl to rr- sptbct cnugltt in tlt>lil,~*rillt* l i r s s . ns in tlip L-2 inciclml. Tlwy know tilt. c w rose W) Ibillion last ytmnr: thry al$o know that Familir*~ still stnrvr-. An41 t11vy sec t l i t - continui~tion of Ncgro i n ~ q u a l i t y as a huge moral tvil.

"Where wprc yola a.11~n ~ l i r s J t ~ s rvert. taken arvny?'" young Gcr- mans ask thr i r fatlrers. "Wl~at a r e you doing 13liile ~ I l t : Negroes wf- Ier?" these young A m ~ r i c n n s ask thrir ~ I t l ~ r s . Draling in moral terms, nor procetlurnl ones. they insist that etlucation is ineepnmlde from acrion. Thc civil-riglit* rnovemrnt i s a moral spur to I I IPSP stutlents. I t has aIso taught tlwm how to make p e o p l ~ stop ignoring tll~rn-wit11 the powerful tactics of civil ~Iisobedience. Nearly 1,000 students

l i ~ ( v l ~ d Snvio':: c;~ll to 11nt~lta I~rfoi-c a Dccrmlwr sit-in a t Sllrnl~l ITnll: "Thrre is a time ~v1it.n t l ~ r oprrariotl of 111~3 mscliinr 1)tacotnes sn

o(1iorls. 1nnk~5 yo11 90 ~ i c k nr lit=ai-t tliat you can't even tacitly takr part, an11 yn~r'r-r got tn ~ l z ~ l your Iborlirs t111on tht= gvars ant1 upon t 1 i ~ r z ~ l i ~ r l ~ . upon t lit* It*rrr.q. 1111on all tlw a l ~ ~ ) a r ~ t ~ ~ s . atit1 ~ O U ' V P got to make it stop. Ant1 you're ~ o t to in(ficatt= to thc- jwoplr IYIIO run it . . . that U ~ I ~ P F you're fret.. t11v rn~tcli inr.~ 1\.i13 111' ( ~ r ' v ~ ~ t r r l from working a t all.''

Tiiilr niplit. 779 Ivrrt* arrrstprf. nnll thc r t ~ s u l t i n ~ clnasrocnn s t r i k ~ V P I . ~ n~arFy clitl stop tlie marllint-.

T11~stn metliorls of n~rack n r r truly friFAtminp, Some evtrcme lrftiqtp (lo 111ingl~ ~ v i t l i klie !+,Xf. ofitbring n cnnvrnicant orersimplificn- tion to ~llost* rr Iio pep 3 Cornrntrni~t plot l>rliintl every rlii;ortlt~r. \glort: to tlw point. Proft-sorq T,ipwt anit Smljury warn: ". . . The stal-tlins incompreht.nsion or i n t l i i l e r ~ n c ~ sltnatn hy w t n r of r I IP I1e5t sttrrlt.ni5 in tlrr c ~ t i n t r y IO lhr vnlurs of tIue procibss . . . challengrs the very fount1;ttion~ of o ~ t r rlt.rnocmtir ortlt.r. Instant justicr. tl~rnanrlerl a t tllc poirit of a Fun is no f)r*tter tE~nn i t i~ tnnt orrlrr. . . . A ~t l io l e generation may it=i~rn tllnf entlr; j i r~ti ly ;lnv meanp. . . ."

Ont. rnrtnnclialy sight of tllc Rprkplpy ( I i s o r ~ I ~ r s lias 1,ec.n TTC: P r ~ ~ i r f ~ n t Clark K ~ r r . il nlan tml)prtl 31y I~iztory. Ne i t l i~ r Kerr nor tlit. ~ ~ r o p l r of [:;11ifornin rleli21~r;1tr.l~ rlinsr tn r.reatp a +tntcb ~ l n i w r s i t y that ~ t ~ ~ r l ~ n t r t+oi~lrl rrvilr 3s an i l~qr tn l~ly line. A31 nlonq, hr has ~ l i r n p ~ ~ 1 1 f l a r v ~ in a rnlil!ivr*l.+ity ~ J r i l t is, iri I l i - own wortls. ". . . an impcarittivr .. rnther than a rea-onrrf choicr. nninnF rlcgant nitt=rn;lti\'~s. . . . Tn I Z I V 196.1 Codkin JAertrtrrs ttl FInri,nrtl. Lrrr saitl n s turf~nt rev011 ; l g ; l i n ~ ~ 4 L . . . lnck nf faculty concvrn for ~raclt ing. r-nrll~44 rulrs and r rq t~ i r r -

-7 rn~rtts nnrl i ~ n l ~ ~ r s o t l a l i t y . . . noi~l t l llr.uhilhly f o r c ~ rurr icr r l~t~n cllangc.~. 1 Tnilergrnrlua t~ t ~ a ~ f i i t ~ g . I I V pre(lict(~1. will Iiilvr to 11c "rrnn-

vnt(ltl.-' rv i tP t thc t t ~ c l ~ n o l o ~ y alrrntly at 1i;lntf-tcarhing innci~intas. tr lr- ~ i 5 ~ d II'C~LITPP-to f r w ~ I ~ O ~ ( I P S O ~ S for more personal work ~ . i t l l sttr(li*ntr.

A P an a f t r r t h ~ l r ~ l l t : ". . . A fc.w of t l ~ p 'nonconlorrni~lts' J ~ V P zn-

o t l ~ t ~ kit111 o l rrlvolt in min11. l'lir~v ..;rlcbk. itiutr.ntl. to turf1 tlw ~aniverr;ity. I

on ~t i r T,ntir1-:1~1rrir;1n nr .lal~ant,sr n1utlt.1~. intn n Fnrtrrsr iron1 n l i ir l i

t1ic.v can sally rrrl+t11 tcitli iml~r~r i i ty to mitkt. Ilit-ir attacks on society." l i e u rtiny not I ~ n r r ~ roribsven thnt some of tIiosr " t ~ o r i c o n f o ~ n ~ i ~ t ~ * '

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LOOK Magazine 2/23/1965 BEHIND THE CAMPUS REVOLT produced by John Poppy photographs by Paul Fusco pages 30-42 The California Uprising The University of California dominates the most ambitious system of schools and colleges any state government has yet offered its people. California’s five-year-old Master Plan for Higher Education guarantees college, tuition-free, to every high-school graduate in the state who wants it. Only the Elite—the top eighth of the class—can apply to the nine campuses of the university. Others in the top third can attend one of 18 state colleges. For the rest, there are 73 two-year junior colleges. Nobody is left out, unless he wants to be. One result: the state is rich. (California has created one of every six new American jobs in the last five years.) Money follows brains, and in an age shaped by science and technology, the California coast is the brains center of the world. “Education now serves the economy and the broad society which supports it to an extent unprecedented in history,” University of California President Clark Kerr has said. He calls it the multiversity. With more than 71,000 full-time students and 120,000 more in extension courses, California’s multiversity affects the life of everyone in the state—and many outside. Its resources have invented a better tomato; its physicists run two of the nation’s nuclear-weapons labs, Los Alamos and Livermore; its planners are shaping an entire new city around a future campus south of Los Angeles. The multiversity plans to spend some $657,000,000 in the coming school year, over half of it in Federal contracts and grants. Yet at its heart, any educational enterprise must be measured by a moment of communion between teacher and student. Recent events have exposed a serious flaw in the heart of the multiversity. In September, thousands of students at its flagship campus, Berkeley, began to defy university officials with sit-ins, classroom strikes and almost daily demonstrations. They said they were fighting for “free speech,” that the administration should let them use the campus for social and political action. But behind their assault on authority, as the following stories reveal, lie deeper implications that no parent, student or educator can ignore. BEHIND THE CAMPUS REVOLT Impatient for change, they demand action Last December 4, some 9,000 of Berkeley’s 27,500 students skipped classes to protest the arrest of 779 “Free Speech Movement” sit-ins on campus the night before. San Francisco newspapers had been implying for two months that the uprising was the work of a “small minority” of “hard-core” demonstrators influenced by off-campus radicals. But by the new year, the aims—if not all the disruptive tactics of the FSM—had support from most students and a majority of Berkeley’s expensive faculty. “We are trying to bring the human element back into our education,” says Michael Rossman, a first-year mathematics graduate student who started as an observer, but quickly became a leader in the revolt. He articulates a suspicion now flourishing among students at Berkeley and elsewhere: that the multiversity is so obedient to the economy and the society that it cannot truly educate undergraduates. “It is producing neatly turned components for the big machine outside, not individual, thinking people.” Like many of today’s student leaders, Rossman has spent time trying to clog the machine, on picket lines for civil rights, against capital punishment and the House Committee on Un-American Activities. But this year, he had hoped to withdraw from the front lines to work quietly into the night with his math, to translate the Spanish

poetry he loves, to practice on his baroque recorder. For a few weeks at the beginning of the term, he managed it all, plus instructing a Peace Corps unit and helping teach a statistics course. “So few people do anything,” Rossman shrugs, “that they’re amazed by someone who does a little bit.” [photo caption:] “We're making changes in society with our own two hands,” says Rossman. “That's a new feeling for my generation.” [photo caption:] Rossman (shirtless, upper center) who has high grades, skipped classes to join sit-ins at campus administration building (left). [photo caption:] As a teaching assistant, Rossman sweats to translate the joy mathematics gives him. “It isn’t work. The intellect demands raw meat...I can feed it these pretty patterns.” [photo caption:] With friend Joe LaPenta, “If I’d been straight-arrow, I could have had my doctorate a year ago.” Rossman dropped out of college for two years to dig ditches, “and think.” [photo caption:] With friend Karen Spenser: “Enlightenment? For me, it's the feeling that I'm tuned in, perceiving things that been there all along. For that, you need to jog the old perceptions. Maybe that's what we've done. . . .” “Our group is a little university...We turn each other on.” Michael Rossman has been arrested for his part in the Berkeley revolt, expects to be jailed again, and will not stop nagging the society around him. He is a troublemaker. Yet he is also a serious student who hopes the trouble has helped the university. “At the beginning of this year,” he says, “I didn't care whether the university stood or fell.” It seemed too big, uninterested in what he and his friends value. They turned not to their faculty, but to each other. “Our group is a little university, in a living sense,” Rossman says. “We excite each other, we turn each other on. I got interested in intuitive math with friends, not in a classroom.” After the faculty joined the uproar, Rossman said, “Now I can love the place. It has come alive. For the first time, professors and students are in touch.” Do professors agree? Turn the page. A gathering conflict disrupts the dream life of America’s new elite JET-AGE PROFESSORS produced by Leonard Gross photographed by James Hansen After a century of ridicule and neglect, the American university professor has come upon sweet times. Everyone wants the benefit of his brain—government, industry, foundations and, of course, universities. Their blandishments are glittery: expensive tools, extensive time, intensive travel and excellent pay. Yesterday’s tower-bound professor often moonlighted to make ends meet. The jet-age professor, if he’s good, can write his own ticket. One who is and does is pictured here. George Maslach, dean of Berkeley’s College of Engineering, is a professor of aeronautical engineering. A colleague calls him “the outstanding experimentalist in the world” in his field, rarefied gas dynamics. Twice recently, Maslach has turned down “$50,000 kind of things” from industry because life as he now lives it is too

exciting. It’s three minutes from his campus office, where he supervises the education of an inordinate number of the nation’s better engineering students, to his contemporary home in the hills above, where, from his balcony, the entire Bay Area spreads before him. During the school year, he averages at least one trip a month east as a consultant, and turns another down. During summers and sabbaticals, he jets with his wife and three children to Europe, where he serves on a NATO advisory board. Whatever can be gained from life among the academic elite, George Maslach is getting. But are students getting what they should from professors like George Maslach? The question dominates academic debate today. Critical educators charge that many professors find research grants and consulting fees so seductive they have all but abandoned teaching. If it’s not the professor, it’s his university, which, mindful of its reputation, demands that he “publish or perish.” Either way, the argument holds, the student loses out. Teaching is frequently shunted to assistants and graduate students. Many undergraduates have only passing contact with the best faculty minds. Students are all but forgotten, says a recent Carnegie Foundation report, in the “headlong search for more and better grants, fatter fees, high salaries, higher rank.” And because Cal’s faculty is rated among the top four nationally, the Berkeley campus is invariably cited as the villainous prototype of a “university on the make.” Such abuses dismay Maslach and George Pimentel, the restless, committed Chemistry professor pictured on the next page. At Berkeley, it is a matter of policy that even the most venerated continued [photo caption:] IN BERKELEY HOME, Maslach explains why he turned down two glittery offers from industry. “The living’s too good here.” [photo caption:] AT WASHINGTON CONFERENCE, Maslach shares a light break in heavy proceedings. The choice is not between research and teaching. It is between mediocrity and excellence. faculty stars teach undergraduate courses in addition to graduate seminars. It is a matter of honor that professors not let outside work interfere with their teaching, and not accept work that doesn’t enhance it. Neither honor nor policy is violated nearly so often as charged, Maslach and Pimentel agree, but each would like to see violators as do exist sent packing. Both men make conscious efforts to work with undergraduates. Say Maslach: “If any student thinks enough of me to ask me to advise him, I, by God, am going to respond, even if it takes hours.” Pimentel never locks his office door. His students revere him. Says one: “With him, you’re a colleague rather than an underling.” The author of a popular high-school chemistry textbook, Pimentel learned a few years ago that high-school teachers were counseling their better students to avoid Berkeley, lest they be lost in the bigness. Pimentel organized a freshman science honors program designed to stimulate talented minds through close faculty-student contact. In one vital respect, however, both professors find the current criticism specious. Tho them, there is no choice between research and teaching. The only choice is between mediocrity and excellence. There are few good teachers who don’t do research, they contend; most research translates into good teaching. Maslach: “Research and teaching are synonymous words. If you don’t do research, you’re going to be a trade school.” Pimentel: “Research and teaching are like sin and confession. If you don’t do any of the former, you don’t have anything to talk about in the latter.” Beneath the heat are questions that American universities, already splitting at the seams, must confront at once: What is a university for? Who should study there? The vision of men like Maslach and Pimentel is as new as the future, as old as medieval Oxford. A university is, above all, for scholarship, and for students with the potential to be scholars. Says Pimentel: “The primary obligation of the university is to make sure there is s place for the very best student. If we don’t do it, nobody else will.”

The average student? This year, Maslach predicts, Berkeley will suggest to its 20,000 applicants that many of them might learn more and be happier at one of California’s many good four-year colleges. Given the demands of the jet age, such a solution “We want a growing percentage of our population to be going to the university,” says George Pimentel, “but we don’t want the caliber of their education to decline.” [photo caption:] Pimentel, 42, and fast, joins students in research-group challenge match. Final score: Macromolecules, 16, Infrared Spectroscopy, 14. [photo caption:] PROF. GEORGE PIMENTEL, a member of Berkeley’s superb chemistry faculty, is investigating the atmosphere of Mars. “Research is the reason I’m at the university,” he says. “I love to teach, but I wouldn’t be here if I couldn’t do reasearch.” A human cry behind the speeches: “I’M HERE.” BYJOHN POPPY, LOOK SENIOR EDITOR WHEN CLASSES started at Berkeley last September, LOOK photographer Paul Fusco and I were on the campus interviewing dozens of professors and administrators. We wanted them to help us illustrate an article about the benefits of California's huge investment in higher education. We asked their help in finding a student who would carry the riches of the university out into the world with him-perhaps a top young scientist who stretched himself in many directions, including the arts, off-campus politics, the coffeehouse scene. The professors and deans were very cordial. Most gave us lists of honor students. “Now, what is this person like?” we would ask, pointing to a name. Time after time, we heard: “Um...you know, I thought I could help you, but I really don’t see these people much. We decided that many teachers had been fooling themselves. Surrounded by 27,500 young people, they thought they knew students. They knew a name, a face, a grade. But—to their own surprise—few knew the human being. Our search went on. After lunch on September 30, Fusco and I interrupted a stroll toward Sproul Hall (the campus administration building) to watch a bushy-haired young man mount a chair to harangue a cluster of students. He was Mario Savio, chairman of Campus Friends of SNCC, a civil-rights group. He and four others had been summoned to the dean’s office for breaking university rules against overt political action—soliciting funds, recruiting members, organizing off-campus demonstrations—on the campus. Would all of you, he asked, follow us into Sproul Hall in a show of solidarity against these unjust rules? “Huh!” I said to Fusco. “He’ll be lucky if he gets a dozen.” In my college days, he would probably have got none; but today, students are more action-prone, and Berkeley is the most “politicized” campus in America, so I gave him a few. At 3 p.m., Savio led 300 students into Sproul Hall, where they staged a 12-hour sit-in and dared the deans to punish them all. My amazement was soon the amazement of everyone, including professors, administrators, university regents and the nation. Savio and seven others were suspended from the university. The next day, resentful students set about deliberately breaking the rules. At 11: 45 a.m., a dean and a campus policeman told an ex-student who refused to leave an illegal CORE recruiting table in front of Sproul Hall that he was under arrest for trespassing, and led him to a nearby police car. Immediately, several hundred students surrounded the car and sat down. Events of the next 32 hours crystallized a pattern of student action that has lasted into 1965. About 3,000 students converged on Sproul Hall Plaza; several hundred others sat-in in Sproul Hall itself; the roof of the trapped

police car became a platform for a stream of orators, with Savio emerging as chief talker. The gist of the speeches was simple: The students did not intend to disperse until the administration removed all restrictions on “free speech”i.e., political activity—on campus and pardoned the eight leaders. [photo caption:] Non-student Brad Cleaveland (left), author of a pamphlet urging “open, fierce rebellion” at Cal listens as Mario Savio orates. [photo caption:] In the first days of the Berkeley uprising, UC President Clark Kerr asked, “What’s so intellectual about grabbing people by the lapel to form a picket line?” Evidently convinced that a small cadre of radicals was manipulating the crowd. the Berkeley administration announced that a mob could not force it to negotiate. California Gov. Edmund G. Brown declared, “This will not be tolerated.” Unmoved, the demonstrators stayed through the night and the next day, talking steadily. At dusk, tension in the crowd suddenly became almost Mississippian; more than 500 armed, helmeted policemen were assembling behind Sproul Hall. Students began linking arms. Concerned faculty members had been trying to mediate between students and administrators. Finally, University of California President Clark Kerr, a former labor arbitrator, decided to reverse the administration’s stand. Just after dark, be signed an agreement that elated the rebels. Not only would the cases of the eight suspended students be reconsidered, but a faculty-student-administration committee would be created to study ‘all aspects of political behavior on campus.’ The army of police left. The demonstrators dispersed. The captured police car, its roof flattened, drove off. The next day, rebel leaders announced official formation of a “Free Speech Movement.” Since then, the struggle between students and administration has surged back and forth across the Berkeley campus, with an increasingly alarmed faculty trying to make peace. FSM leaders continued to press demands whose details shifted with every clash, but which never departed from two principles. The students want: 1. To use the campus as a base for off-campus political and social action without fear of punishment by the university. 2. To make faculty and students the sole judges of educational policy, reducing administrative officers to housekeepers “raising money, cleaning sidewalks, providing rooms for us to work in,” as Savio puts it. The board of regents—the university's supreme ruling body—agreed with President Kerr’s conviction that “we must make sure the university does not become a sanctuary for mounting illegal actions off the campus.” The Berkeley faculty, however, was jarred awake by the desperate ugliness of the students’ repeated attacks on the administration. In December, the Academic Senate proposed a peace plan that would satisfy almost all FSM demands. Many faculty members admitted that students had voiced complaints before the uprising, but that “nobody was listening.” An apparently simple dispute between activist students and university officials—which everyone in the state would have been relieved to think of as a kind of glorified panty raid—was turning into what sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset and political scientist Paul Seabury (both first-string Berkeley professors) call “the greatest crisis which a major institution of higher learning in America has ever faced.” The crisis is great because students at Berkeley are making unprecedented demands on their elders. Politics and free speech spearhead their protest, but a powerful moral disquiet motivates it. They are asking an old, respectable question: “Just what do you think an education is for?” University presidents and professors have been genteelly asking that of each other for years, and have seemed satisfied with abstract answers that were no answer at all. But now, the questioners are not genteel. And they demand an answer.

Young people like Michael Rossman (and Mario Savio, who temporarily withdrew from the university) do not like the world they live in. They consider it unjust and hypocritical. They have heard too many phony promises from candidates who offer more opportunism than leadership. They have seen the Government they are told to respect caught in deliberate lies, as in the U-2 incident. They know the GNP rose $40 billion last year; they also know that families still starve. And they see the continuation of Negro inequality as a huge moral evil. “Where were you when the Jews were taken away?” young Germans ask their fathers. “What are you doing while the Negroes suffer?” these young Americans ask their elders. Dealing in moral terms, not procedural ones, they insist that education is inseparable from action. The civil-rights movement is a moral spur to these students. It has also taught them how to make people stop ignoring them—with the powerful tactics of civil disobedience. Nearly 1,000 students heeded Savio’s call to battle before a December sit-in at Sproul Hall: “There is a time when the operation of the machine becomes so odious, makes you so sick at heart that you can’t even tacitly take part, and you’ve got to put your bodies upon the gears, upon the wheels, upon the levers, upon all the apparatus, and you’ve got to make it stop. And you've got to indicate to the people who run it...that unless you’re free, the machines will be prevented from working at all.” That night, 779 were arrested, and the resulting classroom strike very nearly did stop the machine. These methods of attack are truly frightening. Some extreme leftists do mingle with the FSM, offering a convenient oversimplification to those who see a Communist plot behind every disorder. More to the point, Professors Lipset and Seabury warn: “...The startling incomprehension or indifference shown by some of the best students in the country to the values of due process...challenges the very foundations of our democratic order. Instant justice demanded at the point of a gun is no better than instant order....A whole generation may learn that ends justify any means....” One melancholy sight of the Berkeley disorders has been UC. President Clark Kerr, a man trapped by history. Neither Kerr nor the people of California deliberately chose to create a state university that students would revile as an assembly line. All along, he has glimpsed flaws in a multiversity that is, in his own words, “...an imperative rather than a reasoned choice among elegant alternatives....” In the 1963 Godkin Lectures at Harvard, Kerr said a student revolt against “...lack of faculty concern for teaching, endless rules and requirements and impersonality...’ would probably force curriculum changes. Undergraduate teaching, he predicted, will have to be “renovated,” with the technology already at hand-teaching machines, televised lectures-to free professors for more personal work with students. As an afterthought: “...A few of the ‘nonconformists’ have another kind of revolt in mind. They seek, instead, to turn the university, on the Latin-American or Japanese models, into a fortress from which they can sally forth with impunity to make their attacks on society.” Kerr may not have foreseen that some of those “nonconformists” would carry forth both kinds of revolt with such passion. The Berkeley rebels have been unreasonable. But they feel justified because they are attacking problems that should have been solved long ago. Like most revolutionaries, they are harsh and inflexible. It should be easier—and more moral—to deal with, the problems than with the rebels. END