Logical Framework Approach_part 1

8/2/2019 Logical Framework Approach_part 1

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Logical Framework

A tool for action planning


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Overview of Topics

What is LFA?

Basic component and steps in LFA

Preparation phase:1. Stakeholder analysis

Analysis phase:2. Problem analysis

3. Objective analysis

4. Alternative analysis

Planning phase:

5. Intervention logic

6. Assumption

7. Indicator and mean of verification

8. Input


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Logical Framework Approach

LFA has developed in three stages:

initially a tool for a standardised presentation of projects. LFAdescriptive of nature

developed in the 70ies into a tool for improved design of projects to

make projects more successful. LFA became analytical of nature

now LFA has expanded to a tool for improved design, implementationand management of projects. Analytical aspects maintained but strongfocus on communication aspects

Modern LFA is

a tool for managing development or change processes in a logic way a way of analysing and structuring complex problems

a way of creating commitment, participation and flexibility


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Preparation phase:

Step 1: Stakeholder AnalysisEntity setting( selection of topic, target group, location, sector)

Identify any persons, groups, institutions affected by the problemcontext

Categorise them, for example, in interest groups, individuals etc.

Define most important interestsDefine most important groups

Analyse in more details

Main problems affecting the group

Main needs and interests

Conflicts of interest, co-operation etc.

Decide who are most important stakeholders


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Stakeholder Participation

Involve stakeholders to the extent possible

For example - conduct a workshop with

participation of stakeholdersThe workshop should be undertaken in the project

area

It shall include representatives ofall stakeholders

It shall be facilitated by an independent moderator


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Results

The participation analysis serves to map thefollowing: Who depends on the project?

Who are interested in the outcome?

Who will influence the project?

Who will be affected by the project?

Who will work against the project?

Policy concern analysisUncertainties and high risk areas?


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Analysis phase:

Step 2: Problem Analysis

Based upon available information the existing situationis analysed: major problems are identified and maincausal relationships are visualised in a problem tree.

Guidelines:

Identify existing problems - not possible, imagined or futureproblems

A problem is not the absence of a solution, but an existing

negative state


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Problem Analysis: Guidance

Identify major existing problems based onavailable information

Construct a problem tree showing cause-and-effect relationships between the problems

Review the problem tree for completeness and

validity and adjust if necessary


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Example: Problem Tree


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Analysis phase:

Step 3: Objectives analysis

Guidance:

1. Reformulate all elements in the problem tree to positive

desirable situations

2. Review the resulting means-to-an-end relationships to assure

validity and completeness

3. If necessary

1. revise statements

2. delete objectives which are unrealistic3. add new objectives

4. Draw the connecting lines to indicate means-to-an-end

relationships


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Example of Objectives Tree :


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Analysis phase:

Step 4: Alternative analysis

Guidance:

Draw clusters of objectives on objective tree

basing on their features( issue, relation to targetgroup, stakeholder, )

Name clusters

Brainstorm on analysis criteriaEstablish an alternative analysis matrix

Selecting alternative by scoring


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Example of criteria for alternative

analysis

- Ownership and commitment

Cost in relation to benefit. Expected cost-benefit

ratios can sometimes be calculatedConflict potential

Time horizon

Chance of success

Environmental impact

Gender issues


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Example of alternative analysisOption 1 is limited to atraining programme.The chance of successis low if the buses arestill in bad condition.Option 2 is moreexpensive, and thereis no guarantee thatthe result will bepositive unless thedrivers also improve.A third option wouldbe to combine option1 and option 2. It wouldbe the most expensivealternative, but has ahigher probability ofsuccess.


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Example of Alternative analysis


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Planning phase:

Step 5: Designing project Intervention logic

The main elements of project intervention logic

are:

The overall objective (directional)

The project purpose

The project outputs (or results)

The activities


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Elements in the Project intervention

logic

Overall objective describes the anticipated long-term objectivetowards which the project will contribute

Project purpose describes the intended effect, purpose orbenefit for the beneficiaries (target group)

Outputs are results which can be achieved and sustained(guaranteed) by the project management

Activities are expressed as processes undertaken by the projectmanagement. They are means to achieve the end: the output.


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Planning phase:

Step 5: Designing Project intervention logic

Define only ONE project purposeSeveral outputs are necessary to attain the objective

For each output a number of activities shall be defined.Outputs and activities are numbered to show therelationship:

Output A is the result of Activity A.1

Activity A.2

Activity A.n

When completing the Project Matrix start from the top andwork downwards in the first column (intervention logic).


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The Project Matrix

A project matrix is a tool to provide a clear

overview of all project elements

Elements areintervention logic (means-to-end)

indicators and means of verification

assumptions


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External Factors Influencing

ProjectsMacroeconomic policies

Market conditions / prices

Resource availability

Political and social conditions

Development strategy - sector policies

Environmental conditions

Private sector capability

Technology

Counterpart funding

Cultural factors - community support


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The Project Matrix

OverallObjective Indicator Verification

ProjectPurpose

Indicator Verification Assumption

Outputs /Results

Indicator Verification Assumption

Activities Inputs: Physical means /Costs

Assumption


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An example of project matrixCode Narrative Performance

Indicator

Means of

Verification

Assumptions/

Risks

Objective 1 Development of an

integrated raceway-shrimp

model using biofloc

technology

Increase in profit

Higher overall

production

Good water quality

Bio-economic

analysis and data on

water quality

presented in

milestone reports

No natural

disasters nor serious

problems of diseases

on cultured species

Output 1.1 Experimental systems at

BIARC established

All operational for

the planned trials.

System sketchesprovided with sample

details

Milestone Report 2 No competition for

resource usage by

other projects atBIARC

Activity 1.1.1 Purchase all required

materials and equipment

Key materials and

equipment purchased

or arranged

As above Needed materials

and equipment

available

Activity 1.1.2 Set up pond system for themain trials (biofloc)

Pond system readyfor trials

As above No unwanteddamage to the

available FRs

Activity 1.2.3 Set up tank system for the

shrimp density trials

Tank system ready

for trial

As above BIARC make

tanks available for

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Documents

Logical Framework Approach_part 1