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LoCal RetreatWinter 2012
David Culler, Randy Katz, Seth SandersUniversity of California, Berkeley
Presentation Outline
• Retreat Purpose and Agenda• What is LoCal?• Project Progress and Status
2
Retreat Goals &Technology Transfer
UC Berkeley Project Team Industrial CollaboratorsGovernment Sponsors
Friends
PeopleProject Status
Work in ProgressPrototype Technology
Early Access to TechnologyPromising Directions
Reality CheckFeedback
3
Sources and LoadsDispatchable Sources
Oblivious Loads
Non-Dispatchable Sources
Aware Loads4
Grid Economics
Most expensive, least efficient energyLatency involved in bringing capacity on line
(or probability of exceeding) 5
BaseCapacity
IntermediateCapacity
PeakerCapacity
Load-followingSupplyDemand Response:
Incentivize reduced loads duringtimes of peak demand
Demand Side Management:Shift demand to reduce peak loads
Load Duration Curve
Grid Economics
(or probability of exceeding) 6
Supply-following LoadsVariable loads, supply aware, based on improved power proportionality, exploitable slack to shift/schedule
Load Duration Curve
IncreasinglyVariable Supply(Renewables) withReduced Base Supply
7
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Mod
els
Mod
els
ControlsControls
Building OSBuilding OS
Plug LoadsPlug Loads
LightingLightingFacilitiesFacilities
BuildingIn
stru
men
tatio
nIn
stru
men
tatio
nM
odel
sM
odel
s
Routing/ControlRouting/Control
Grid OSGrid OS
Demand ResponseDemand Response
Load FollowingLoad FollowingSupply FollowingSupply Following
Grid
Facility-to-Building
Facility-to-Building
Facility-to-Building
Facility-to-Building
Facility-to-Building
Facility-to-Building
Gen-to-BuildingGen-to-Building
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Mod
els
Mod
els
ControlControl
CompressorScheduling
CompressorScheduling
Temperature MaintenanceTemperature Maintenance
Supply-FollowingLoads
Storage-to-Building
Storage-to-Building
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Mod
els
Mod
els
Power-AwareCluster Manager
Power-AwareCluster Manager
Load Balancer/Scheduler
Load Balancer/Scheduler
Web ServerWeb ServerWeb App LogicWeb App Logic
DB/StorageDB/Storage
Machine RoomMR-to-BuildingMR-to-Building
Energy Networks
Gen-to-Grid
Gen-to-Grid
uGrid-to-GriduGrid-to-Grid
Building-to-Grid
Building-to-Grid Building-
to-GridBuilding-to-Grid
Retreat Purpose
• Fifth LoCal Retreat– Alternate between Lake Tahoe in winter and
Santa Cruz in summer
• Project approaching home stretch– Much progress on energy efficient computing
as well as building facilities– SDH as a testbed
• Review recent progress• Direction for next generation project
8
Who is Here?
• Industrial– Autogrid– Cisco– Ericsson– Fujitsu Labs USA– Korea Electronics Technical
Institute (KETI)– Intel– Marvell– Microsoft– Nokia– Oracle– Samsung
• Industrial– Quanta Computers– VmWare
• Academic– UC Berkeley EECS, ME,
Haas School– Columbia, UMichigan– DTU EE, Univ of Munich
• Government/Labs– CIEE– LBNL
9
Retreat Schedule
• Monday, January 90745 Load Bus0800-1200 Bus from Berkeley to Lake Tahoe1200-1330 Lunch1330-1500 Introduction and Overview
Welcome and Project Overview, RandyLandscape of Berkeley Energy Research, DavidEnergy Technology Update, Arka/Mike
1500-1530 Break1530-1700 Lessons Learned from Deployments
Controlling a Campus Building, AndrewLaptop Application, OmarsMAP 2.0, Steve
10
Retreat Schedule
• Monday, January 91700-1800 Short Break
1800-1930 Dinner
1930-2100 Posters and Demonstrations
11
Retreat Schedule
• Tuesday, January 100730-0800 Breakfast0830-1000 New Directions for LoCal 2.0
Societal Scale Energy Management, RandyCalifornia Supply Scaling, JayFlex in California, Sara/Yanpei/JaySiemens CKI: Technology for Sustainable Cities, PrashanthThird World Deployment, Achintya/Javier
1000-1030 Break1030-1200 Short Pitches and Breakouts1200-1630 Lunch + Ski (?) Break
12
Retreat Schedule
• Tuesday, January 101630-1800 Green Information Management
MapReduce Energy Efficiency, Yanpei/SaraPower Capping, ArkaLessons from LBNL Building 90, Steve/Rich Brown
1800-1930 Dinner + Breakout Discussions Continue1930-2100 Breakout Reports and Discussion
13
Retreat Schedule
• Wednesday, January 110730-0830 Breakfast0830-1000 Potpourri
Stirling Engine Update, MikeDemand Response of 199, JayManaging Data Privacy and Security, Prashanth
1000-1030 Break/Room Check-Out/Photo1030-1200 Visitor Feedback1200-1300 Lunch1300-1700 Bus back to Berkeley
Proposed Breakout Topics
1. What is the most effective energy (information) technology to be developed in the next decade that is likely to have the greatest impact on global warming?
2. What is the most effective way to transition LoCal technology developments? Open source, standardization, start-up commercialization?
3. How would you know a good Building OS if you programmed one? What are the figures of merit/attributes of a 21st Century Building OS?
4. Markets vs. Optimization--how should loads and supplies best be matched?
5. What new industries will be possible if high penetration renewables give us cheap but seasonal abundant energy?
6. How do you build & design a net zero grid for the moderate sized island?
Proposed Breakout Topics
7. How do we design for shiftable loads and to enhance power proportionality, particularly at the building/campus/societal scales?
8. What is slack, and how do define slack for a variety of loads?9. What are useful kinds of energy data analytics, at the building,
campus, and societal scales? What are the right figures of merit worth computing? How do you quantify sustainability, for example?
10. What is the minimum operating energy for a specific building, e.g., Soda Hall, and how close are we to achieving the minimum possible?
11. Making the energy case for datacenters: do operators care about energy efficiency? Maximizing utilization vs. energy savings.
12. Buildings vs. computers: which kind of a load should we focus on in the future? What are the high payoff opportunities in computing systems vs. the built environment?