Local Pulse Production Concerns

Pea

Fertility – Nitrogen & Nodulation

Nitrogen

• Above 25-35 lbs/ac N from soil and fertilizer,

– nodule development may be delayed and reduced.

• Above 50 lbs/ac N nodulation may not occur.

• Below 10 lbs/ac N,

– some starter N may help the crop because

– nodule development takes 3 to 4 weeks.

Control of Cleavers in Peas

In Crop • Authority/Authority Charge

and Edge granular - (before cleaver emergence, suppression)

• Basagran/Basagran Forté

• Odyssey

• Odyssey Ultra

• Viper ADV (suppression)

Residual Herbicides to Watch For

One season after application

• At least 16 products that have a one year re-cropping restriction for pea

• See 2016 Guide to Crop Protection (pg. 74 & 75)

2nd season after application (ie. 18 months recropping)

• Imazethabenz in Dark Brown Soil zones (Assert 300SC, Avert)

• Muster

Pea Diseases to Watch

• Mycosphaerella blight

– most common disease on peas in SK.

• Ascochyta complex includes:

– Mycosphaerella blight

– Ascochyta leaf and pod spot

– Ascochyta foot rot

Ascochyta complex

• One in three year pea rotation where it is a problem

• Infected stubble is the most important source, followed by infected seed

• Scouting and fungicide application should begin at early bloom stage

Root Rot Pathogens

•Fusarium

•Pythium

•Rhizoctonia

•Aphanomyces

Photo courtesy of Dr. S. Chatterton, AAFC Lethbridge

Photo courtesy of C. Armstrong-Cho

Aphanomyces

S. Phelps, SPG 2015

Faba Bean

Types • Tannin Containing (8-9%) • (brown seed coat & • black dot)

Low Tannin (Zero) (1%)

(white flower & cream seed coat)

Faba bean Seeding

• Target 45 plants/m2 (4-5/ft2) – approx 60 lbs/bushel

– Know your seed size as wide range

• Seed 2-3 inches deep

• Cross pollinated – Keep types/varieties separate by at least 100m, 500m is better

– or will have a lot of outcrossing

• Seed treatments – low tannin varieties higher risk (Apron products/Stress Shield)

• Go slow and check your seeder often (plugging!!)

Fertility

• Faba bean has much higher uptake of P and K than peas

• Max. safe rate seed placed P = 40 lb/acre actual (P+K)

Residual Herbicides 5 + years (or seasons) after application

• Tordon 22K,

• Grazon – (Spot treatments or broken pasture)

4 + years (or seasons) after application

• Ally Toss-N-Go (cropland),

• Escort – (broken pasture ; extended when soil pH is 7.5 or greater)

Residual Herbicides

2nd year (or season) after application (ie. 18 months re-cropping)

– Muster (Toss-N-Go / Gold II),

– Assert,

– Everest,

– Triton C

– Clopyralid (<123 gai/ac) (Lontrel, Curtail M, Prestige XC, Eclipse III, Flaxmax, Spectrum*)

– Banvel II/Oracle (high rates >0.5L/ac)

– PrePass (fall application)

– 2,4-D (high rates applied in fall)

Best Guess as little work on re-cropping to faba beans!!

Faba beans In Crop Control of Cleavers

• Edge granular – before cleaver emergence, suppression

• Basagran/Basagran Forté

• Odyssey

• Odyssey Ultra

• Solo (supression)

• Viper ADV

Faba beans - In Crop Control of Group 2 Resistant

Wild Mustard

• Basagran/Basagran Forté

• Metribuzin + Treflan

• Viper ADV

Pre-harvest herbicide timing

Glyphosate

(Roundup Transorb HC, Roundup WeatherMax, R/T 540, StartUp and Roundup Ultra 2 only)

Timing

• Stems are green to brown in colour:

• pods are mature (yellow to brown in colour);

• 80-90% of original leaves have dropped; Minor Use program

• Look into MRLs before application

Desiccation Timing

Diquat (Reglone, Reglone Ion, Desica, Diquash, Dessicash, Stage, Masterline Diquat)

Timing

• most plants are ripe and dry. Pods fully filled, bottom pods are tan or black

• high water volumes (20 gallons/acre)

Concerns from 2015

Faba bean Diseases

Chocolate spot – caused by Botrytis fabae or

Botrytis cinerea

• Faba bean fungicides are registered for control of “grey mould” (Botrytis cinerea)

Faba bean Diseases

What isn’t Chocolate Spot?

• Herbicide Damage

– Group 4 can cause leaf spotting

– High rates of Group 5 can cause lower leaves to turn black, curl, and die back from the edge

– Plants can overcome damage if not too severe

• Other diseases

– Ascochyta

– Alternaria

Photos from Faba Bean Disease book (Sabine)

Insects - Lygus

• 4 species

– Higher risk areas in SK are where high canola or alfalfa acres (NE and MeadowLake)

• Hard to control as insect moves back in after insecticide application

• Max 1% damage for No. 1 grade

Source: S. Phelps, SPG 2014

Source: Olson, M.A. 2014

Other Insects

• Blister Beetles

• Pea Leaf Weevil

• Grasshoppers

• Leafhoppers (AY)

• Aphids

Source: S. Phelps, SPG 2015

Pod splitting

Dark Brown or Black Plants

Frost Damage

Regrowth After Harvest

Lentil

1. Field Selection

• Growing on well drained pieces of land

• Lentils do not like wet feet

• Fields with low weed pressure

2. Seeding

• Seed as early as possible

• Target 12 plants per square foot

– doubled for extra small red lentils

• Seeding rate should increase when there is high weed pressure

• Use thousand seed weight to calculate seeding rate

3. Fertility • Over 25-35 lbs/ac available N,

– additional N will reduce nodulation and fixation

• Above 50 lbs/ac available N, – nodulation will be reduced or absent

• Less than 15 lbs/ac available N, – 18 lbs/ac N added as starter fertilizer may be beneficial

– Due to it takes 3 to 4 weeks for nodule development and N fixation

• P is important for nodule development and N fixation – If less than 20 lbs/ac available P, some should be added at

seeding

4. Weed Control Group 2 and 9 Resistant Kochia in Lentil

• Edge Granular applied in the fall – Will control kochia if application is made before kochia

plants emerge

Pre-seeding

• Aim,

• CleanStart,

• Heat,

• Gramoxone

• MCPA amine

4. Weed Control

Control of Group 2 Resistant Wild Mustard in Lentil

Pre-seeding/emergence

• CleanStart,

• glyphosate,

• Aim,

• Heat,

• MCPA amine

In Crop

• Basagran/Basagran Forté,

• Metribuzin (Sencor Solupak 75 DF, Sencor 75 DF, TriCor 75 DF),

• Viper ADV

5. Residual Herbicides to Watch For

One season after application • At least 30 products that have a one year re-cropping restriction

2nd season after application (ie. 18 months recropping) • Authority/Authority Charge • Quinclorac (Clever, Masterline Quinclorac) • Curtail M • Prestige XC • Infinity/Tundra/Velocity m3 • Muster • Paradigm • Triton C (may be longer in some environments)

3rd or 4th season after application • Metsulfuron (Ally/Accurate)

See 2016 Guide to Crop Protection (pg. 74 & 75)

6. Diseases

Sclerotinia • Scouting for this and other diseases

should begin at early flowering

37

Anthracnose • Many lentil varieties that are

moderately resistant • Favoured by warm moist

weather • Mainly stubble and dust borne • Issue if history of lentils on field

6. Diseases

Ascochyta

• Most damaging to maturing pods and seeds

– If prolonged wet weather during July and August

• Most varieties have moderate resistance

• Seed and residue-borne