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Local Piezoelectric Response andLocal Piezoelectric Response andElastic Properties asElastic Properties asMeasured with AFMMeasured with AFM
Emily SmithEmily Smith
[email protected]@drexel.edu
Advisor: Dr. SpanierAdvisor: Dr. Spanier
Problem StatementProblem Statement
Techniques to measure local properties of Techniques to measure local properties of bonebone
Correlation with hierarchical structuresCorrelation with hierarchical structures
Piezoelectricity connection with bone Piezoelectricity connection with bone growthgrowth
What is Bone?What is Bone?
CollagenCollagen
ProteinProtein
Hydroxyapatite Hydroxyapatite
Ca-phosphate mineralCa-phosphate mineral
TypesTypes– CorticalCortical– CancellousCancellous
http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~lakes/BME601.html
BoneBoneHierarchical StructureHierarchical Structure
Rho, Jae-Young, Liisa Kuhn-Spearing and Peter Zioupos. Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Mechanical Engineering & Physics. 20 (1998) 92-102.
Bone CellsBone Cells
OsteoOsteoclastsclasts– Breaks down and Breaks down and
removes bone materialremoves bone material
OsteoOsteoblastsblasts– Forms new bone Forms new bone
materialmaterial
OsteoOsteocytescytes– Senses problems and Senses problems and
pressure in the bonepressure in the bone
http://depts.washington.edu/bonebio/bonAbout/bonecells.html
nucleus
Multiple Nuclei
Microscope Image of Bone CellsMicroscope Image of Bone Cells
http://depts.washington.edu/bonebio/bonAbout/bonecells.html
Principle of AFMPrinciple of AFM
http://www.npl.co.uk/smd/npl_research/afm_theory.html
Atomic Force MicroscopyAtomic Force Microscopy
Scan probe microscopyScan probe microscopy
Three Topographic Three Topographic ModesModes– ContactContact– AC Intermittent AC Intermittent – AC Non-contactAC Non-contact
www.asylumresearch.com
Force vs. Tip-Sample SeparationForce vs. Tip-Sample Separation
C- Contact
IC – Intermittent Contact
NC – Non-contact
Catalin Harnagea. Local piezoelectric response and domain structures in ferroelectric Catalin Harnagea. Local piezoelectric response and domain structures in ferroelectric thin films investigated by voltage-modulated force microscopy. Ph.D. thesis. 2001thin films investigated by voltage-modulated force microscopy. Ph.D. thesis. 2001
PiezoelectricityPiezoelectricity
PiezoelectricPiezoelectric– Mechanical Stress => Electric FieldMechanical Stress => Electric Field
Equation: D = d * Equation: D = d * σσ
– Converse Piezoelectric EffectConverse Piezoelectric EffectEquation: x = d * EEquation: x = d * E
FerroelectricFerroelectric– Spontaneous Dipole MomentSpontaneous Dipole Moment– DomainsDomains
ElasticityElasticity
Ratio of stress and strainRatio of stress and strain
Ability to return to its original shapeAbility to return to its original shape
Current ways to measureCurrent ways to measure
Strain
Str
ess
Elastic Range
Strength
http://hotmix.ce.washington.edu/wsdot_web/Modules/04_design_parameters/04-2_body.htm#elastic_modulus
Piezoresponse Scan PrinciplePiezoresponse Scan Principle
AC voltage AC voltage
Conductive Conductive TipTip
Contact Contact ModeMode
Scan of Sample: Scan of Sample: Lamella of Cortical BoneLamella of Cortical Bone
Line cross-section of scan:
Shows height
Single Lamella
Rho, Jae-Young, Liisa Kuhn-Spearing and Peter Zioupos. Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Mechanical Engineering & Physics. 20 (1998) 92-102.
Example of Piezoresponse ScanExample of Piezoresponse Scan
a- Topographic
image of a
Bi4Ti3O12 grain
(line added)
b- The domain
structure
Catalin Harnagea. Local piezoelectric response and domain structures in ferroelectric Catalin Harnagea. Local piezoelectric response and domain structures in ferroelectric thin films investigated by voltage-modulated force microscopy. Ph.D. thesis. 2001thin films investigated by voltage-modulated force microscopy. Ph.D. thesis. 2001
Piezoelectric Response in BonePiezoelectric Response in Bone
(a) Topography
(b)/(c) Piezoresponse Scan
C. Halperin, S. Mutchnik, A. Agronin, M. Molotskii, P. Urenski, M. Salai, and G. Rosenman. Piezoelectric Effect in Human Bones Studied in Nanometer Scale. Nano Letters. 4 (2004) 1253-6.
Future WorkFuture Work
Piezoelectric Response Piezoelectric Response
Piezoelectric coefficientPiezoelectric coefficient
Elasticity measurementElasticity measurement
LiteratureLiterature
Jae-Young Rho, Liisa Kuhn-Spearing and Peter Zioupos. Jae-Young Rho, Liisa Kuhn-Spearing and Peter Zioupos. Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Mechanical Engineering & Physics. 20 (1998) 92-102. Mechanical Engineering & Physics. 20 (1998) 92-102. Catalin Harnagea. Local piezoelectric response and domain Catalin Harnagea. Local piezoelectric response and domain structures in ferroelectric thin films investigated by voltage-structures in ferroelectric thin films investigated by voltage-modulated force microscopy. Ph.D. thesis. 2001modulated force microscopy. Ph.D. thesis. 2001C. Halperin, S. Mutchnik, A. Agronin, M. Molotskii, P. Urenski, M. Salai, and G. Rosenman. Piezoelectric Effect in Human Bones Studied in Nanometer Scale. Nano Letters. 4 (2004) 1253-6.http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~lakes/BME601.htmlhttp://depts.washington.edu/bonebio/bonAbout/bonecells.htmlhttp://www.npl.co.uk/smd/npl_research/afm_theory.htmlwww.asylumresearch.comhttp://hotmix.ce.washington.edu/wsdot_web/Modules/04_design_parameters/04-2_body.htm#elastic_modulus