LNG FOR SHORT ROUTE SHIPPING - Port&ShippingTechshippingtech.it/presentazioniPST2012/GreenShippingSummit/Andrej... · LNG FOR SHORT ROUTE SHIPPING STOPAR ANDREJ ... All cryogenic

LNG FOR SHORT ROUTE SHIPPING STOPAR ANDREJ

SALES MANAGER

WARTSILA SHIP POWER

December 4, 2012 1 © Wärtsilä

Environmental challenge


LOCAL

GLOBAL

LOCAL

LOCAL

Acid rains

Tier II (2011)

Tier III (2016) NOx

Greenhouse effect

Under evaluation by IMO CO2& HC

Acid rains

Sulphur content in fuel SOx

Direct impact on humans

Locally regulated

Particulate matter

Actually in Europe


CO2

PM

NOx

SOx

LNG as Marine fuel

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

HFO DF on gas

December 4, 2012 4

CO2 NOX SOX

CO2 -30%

NOX -85%

SOX -99.9%

Gas internal combustion cycles


* * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

GAS INJECTION

SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) Meets IMO Tier III

No redundancy

No HFO flexibility

* * * * * * * * * * *

GAS INJECTION

DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III

Multi-fuel capability

* *

GAS INJECTION

GAS-DIESEL (GD) Does NOT meet IMO Tier III

High gas pressure

Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NOX


Big temperature

difference

NOx formation!

Otto, max flame temp.

Diesel, max flame temp.

4S DUAL-

FUEL (DF)

4S GAS-DIESEL

(GD)

Gas burning technologies


SPARK-IGNITION 4S

GAS (SG)

1987 1992 1995 1973

2S LOW

PRESSURE GAS

ENGINE

1986

2S GAS DIESEL GD

TESTED

2012

2S MULTIFUEL

PILOT ENGINE

0102030405060708090

100

SG DF

Dual-Fuel advantages compare to SG

December 4, 2012

8

Time

Engine

speed

DF trips to

liquid mode

DF & SG

Normal load application

DF & SG

Instant load application DF

Big instant load

application (trips to liquid)

SG

Instant abnormal high

load application

• Redundancy, backup without interruptions in power or speed.

• Operation capability on liquid fuel outside ECA-area (incl HFO)

• Simple system, no PTI/”take me home” or double gas system needed.

• Possible to re-route vessel, gas supply is not a limitation

• Load application capability

• Load application capability is equal between dual-fuel and SG

• Dual-fuel can trip to liquid in case instant abnormal high load / unload requirement

(no shut-down)

Why Natural Gas has to be in liquid

form:


Fuel relative volume, energy content

NG LNG

Temperature Atmospheric -161°C

Pressure Atmospheric Atmospheric

Density [kg/m3] 0,75 460

Low Heating Value [MJ/kg] ~ 50'000 ~ 50'000

LNG storage

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

HFO LNG (10 bar)

Vo

lum

e r

ela

tive

to

MD

O in

DB

STORAGE VOLUME (RELATIVE)

Fuel Tank Tank room

12

LNGPac: A turn key solution


Tank room –

All cryogenic

valves

Auxiliary equipment

room

Length minimized

LNGpac Main Components


Bunkering

Station

Tank room

Main Engine Room

Water/Glycol

system

GVU

GVU

GVU

Control system

Scope of supply

Bunkering procedure

8

5

2

1. Collapse the gas pressure in the tank

Ba

r(g

)

Time

Glycol/water

mixture

To engines

2. Open the main filling line

3. Inert the piping with N2 (NOT shown)

4. Close the filling line valves

Bunkering

Station

December 4, 2012 LNG FUELED VESSELS/ P. BAAN 13 © Wärtsilä

Tank pressure increase

8

5

2

1. Open pressure control valve

Ba

r(g

)

Time

Glycol/water

mixture

To engines

2. LNG flow by the hydrostatic pressure

into the vaporizer

3. LNG is vaporized and gas is returned to

the tank

PBU

DF Can run in

back-up mode for

easy bunkering

December 4, 2012 LNG FUELED VESSELS/ P. BAAN 14 © Wärtsilä

The challenge vessel operators are facing


HFO

HFO

HFO

HFO

LNG ?

LNG

INTERNAL USE ONLY

…partially inside an ECA zone

© Wärtsilä

ECA limit

24 hours

port call

24 hours

port call

34 hours

port call

24 hours

port call

Bunkering requirements per roundtrip

OP Mode Hours Ton LNG

Inside ECA 63 519

Loading/unloading 100 74

Manuovering 10 12

Calculated total consumption 605


…analysing italian routes

LNG import terminals and hubs

December 4, 2012 © Wärtsilä

Import Terminal (import only) Planned import terminal Import terminal w/ re-export option (hub) Expected future hubs

Fredrikstad (NO) Gothenburg (SE)

Nynashamn (SE)

LNG for short range shipping

Also in case of short sea shipping back-up capability allows to

minimize space (and hence cost) for LNG storage system

• Capacity only to cover “normal” autonomy range, exceptional long

voyages can be done on back up fuel

– Long haul delivery or relocation voyages

– Extraordinary energy consumption due to adverse weather conditions

– Involvement in rescue operations

– Gas with exceptional low heating value

And enhances safety

• No black-out in case of pressure collapse in gas tank

• Full power can be achieved also in case of low quality gas


The DF vessel concept


LNG MDO

The DF engines provide safety and redundancy,

inherent reliability of the diesel engine allows a simple installation

Single gas tank and

gas feed system allowed No duplicate (diesel) gensets

to back-up main propulsion

Operating modes


Gas mode Otto-cycle

Natural gas + MDO pilot (high ignition energy)

Automatic and instant trip to diesel operation in alarm/emergency situation

Transfer to diesel operation at any load on request

Powerful ignition for stable low load running <10%

Diesel mode Diesel-cycle

MDO/HFO/LBF/CRO* + MDO pilot

Transfer to gas operation at any load below 80%

Transfer between modes without power interruption (only noise will change) Gas mode Diesel mode

80%

100%

Engine

Load

Dual fuel

portfolio


Dual-Fuel applications - References

24 © Wärtsilä December 4, 2012

6 segments 183 installations > 7’000’000 running hours

Power

Plants

DF Power Plant

57 installations

225 engines

Online

since1997

Merchant

LNGC

• 108 vessels

• 429 engines

Conversion

• 1 Chem. Tanker

• 2 engines conv.

• Complete gas

train

• Complete

design

Offshore

PSVs/FPSOs

• 20 vessels

• 93 engines

• Online from

1994

New orders:

• Harvey Gulf;

the first 4 LNG-

PSV to be

operated in the

Gulf of Mexico!

Cruise

and Ferry

LNG ferries

• 1 vessels

• 4 engines per

vessel

• Complete gas

train

• 2800

passengers

• In service early

2013

Navy

Coastal Patrol

• DF-Mechanical

• DF main and

auxiliary

engines

Others

Inland Water way

• 1 vessel

• 2 engines

• Mechanical

drive

Tug

• 2 vessel

• 2 engines each

• Mechanical

drive

Summary

Wärtsilä’s technology choice for Natural gas as marine fuel:

1 Possibility to use low carbon fuel

2 IMO Tier III ECA compliancy without secondary means

3 Low pressure gas feed system

4 Build in redundancy

5 Fuel flexibility without constraints: NG, MDO, HFO,CRO

6 Optimized gas autonomy

7 No operational load constraints

8 Proven technology


* * * * * * * * * * *

GAS INJECTION

DUAL-FUEL (DF)

Thank You!


Documents

LNG FOR SHORT ROUTE SHIPPING - Port&ShippingTechshippingtech.it/presentazioniPST2012/GreenShippingSummit/Andrej... · LNG FOR SHORT ROUTE SHIPPING STOPAR ANDREJ ... All cryogenic