LMO RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER LMO RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER THE IPPC AND THE CARTAGENA THE IPPC AND THE CARTAGENA

PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETYPROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY

Velia Arriagada Rios Velia Arriagada Rios Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero,

ChileChile

The IPPC pest definitionThe IPPC pest definition

““Any species, strains or Any species, strains or biotype of plant, animal or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to pathogenic agent injurious to plant or plant products”plant or plant products”,,

Important to highlightImportant to highlight

The IPPC pest definition does not The IPPC pest definition does not prejudge about the genetic condition of the prejudge about the genetic condition of the ““any species, strains o biotype of plant, any species, strains o biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent”animal or pathogenic agent”

When the ISPM N° 11 was revised to When the ISPM N° 11 was revised to include the LMO s, its inclusion does not include the LMO s, its inclusion does not alter the scope of the original ISPM N°11 alter the scope of the original ISPM N°11 and only clarify issues related to LMO s. and only clarify issues related to LMO s.

The new challengesThe new challenges

The change in the application of scientific The change in the application of scientific research necessitates that NPPOs must research necessitates that NPPOs must now assess the plant pest risk of now assess the plant pest risk of organisms organisms that have not been that have not been recognized before as obvious plant recognized before as obvious plant pests but nevertheless may pose a pests but nevertheless may pose a Phytosanitary risk. Phytosanitary risk.

The reasons to formulate ISPM The reasons to formulate ISPM N°11N°11

to identify pests or pathways of quarantine to identify pests or pathways of quarantine concern concern

To evaluate the risk of pest or pathwaysTo evaluate the risk of pest or pathways to identify endangered areasto identify endangered areas if appropriate, identify risk management if appropriate, identify risk management

options. options.

RELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRARELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRA Request to import a conventional or modified plant or plant Request to import a conventional or modified plant or plant productproduct

The plant or plant product could be a potential pest?The plant or plant product could be a potential pest?

To make a list of pest likely to be associated with the plant or To make a list of pest likely to be associated with the plant or plant productplant product

To Assess which of the pest follow the pathwayTo Assess which of the pest follow the pathway

To consult the NPPO of country of origin about the official pest To consult the NPPO of country of origin about the official pest statusstatus

To compare with the pest status in the importing countryTo compare with the pest status in the importing country

RELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRARELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRA

To assess every pest individually to determine if they have the To assess every pest individually to determine if they have the potential to establish and spread (intended use and biological potential to establish and spread (intended use and biological characteristics of the pest), and the potential for economic characteristics of the pest), and the potential for economic consequences if the introduction is concreted.consequences if the introduction is concreted.

To decide if the pest risk management is necessary and the To decide if the pest risk management is necessary and the strength of the measures to be used. strength of the measures to be used.

LMO RISK ANALYSISLMO RISK ANALYSIS IPPC (ISPM N 11)IPPC (ISPM N 11) Applicable to LMO s that Applicable to LMO s that

meet the definition of a meet the definition of a quarantine pestquarantine pest

Includes elements of risk Includes elements of risk assessment (the probability assessment (the probability and potential economic and potential economic consequences including consequences including environmental impacts of environmental impacts of introduction and spread).introduction and spread).

Includes detailed discussion of Includes detailed discussion of risk management options.risk management options.

CARTAGENA PROTOCOLCARTAGENA PROTOCOL Applicable to LMO s that Applicable to LMO s that

may have adverse effects on may have adverse effects on the conservation and the conservation and sustainable use of biological sustainable use of biological diversity, taking into diversity, taking into account risk to human account risk to human healthhealth

contains provisions on Risk contains provisions on Risk Assessment (Article 15 and Assessment (Article 15 and Annex 3)Annex 3)

Contains provisions on Risk Contains provisions on Risk management (Article 16) management (Article 16)

DUTIESDUTIES

IPPCIPPC Information regarding Information regarding

pest status is an pest status is an obligation under IPPC. : obligation under IPPC. : Article VIII International Article VIII International cooperationcooperation

taking appropriate taking appropriate measures to avoid measures to avoid introduction and spread introduction and spread of such pestsof such pests

CPCP article 16, paragraph 5. article 16, paragraph 5.

Parties shall cooperate Parties shall cooperate identifying living identifying living modified organism that modified organism that may have adverse may have adverse effectseffects

taking appropriate taking appropriate measures regarding the measures regarding the treatment of such living treatment of such living modified organism modified organism

MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN IPPC MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN IPPC AND CBD SECRETARIATSAND CBD SECRETARIATS

To a better coordination To a better coordination to facilitate the synergy between the activities of to facilitate the synergy between the activities of

governing bodies of both treaties on Biosafetygoverning bodies of both treaties on Biosafety including the development of international including the development of international

standards in issues of common interests. standards in issues of common interests. Between the specific issues that are likely to Between the specific issues that are likely to

involve future cooperation between IPPC and involve future cooperation between IPPC and CBD Secretariats include LMO sCBD Secretariats include LMO s

AN EXAMPLEAN EXAMPLE

SEE THE TRANSPARENCYSEE THE TRANSPARENCY

CONCLUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONS

1.1. the potential Phytosanitary risk that may be the potential Phytosanitary risk that may be associated with LMO s could also be associated with LMO s could also be associated with non LMO sassociated with non LMO s

2.2. In case of conventional plants and plant In case of conventional plants and plant products ISPM N°11 is focused to show if the products ISPM N°11 is focused to show if the pest associated are considered quarantine pest associated are considered quarantine pest, but in case of LMO s, is being used, in pest, but in case of LMO s, is being used, in a practical sense, to show the organism it is no a practical sense, to show the organism it is no an obvious pest.an obvious pest.

CONCLUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONS

3.3. Other important difference is in case of Other important difference is in case of conventional pest and pathways, the actions conventional pest and pathways, the actions established like Phytosanitary measures are established like Phytosanitary measures are adopted and certified by the export country, adopted and certified by the export country, but in case of LMO s the main Phytosanitary but in case of LMO s the main Phytosanitary measures are adopted in the importing countrymeasures are adopted in the importing country

4.4. The pest risk analysis of conventional and The pest risk analysis of conventional and modified organisms of potential Phytosanitary modified organisms of potential Phytosanitary concern follows the same basic principles, concern follows the same basic principles, mechanisms and steps.mechanisms and steps.

CONCLUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONS

5. 5. The principles, objectives, methodologies The principles, objectives, methodologies under the IPPC and the Cartagena under the IPPC and the Cartagena Protocol are fully compatiblesProtocol are fully compatibles

THANKS A LOTTHANKS A LOT