LITHUANIAN LITHUANIAN FORESTRY SECTORFORESTRY SECTOR

(Brief glimpse)(Brief glimpse)

Change of forest coverage in Change of forest coverage in LithuaniaLithuania

Century Forest coverage, %

XI 56

XIII 54

XV 45

XVIII 44

XIX 37

Beginning of XX 24

Middle of XX 20

Beginning of XXI 31

The most famous dates of The most famous dates of forestry in Lithuaniaforestry in Lithuania

Date Fact1559 The first inventory of 38 forest tracts carry out

1567 The first forest law have been prepared and forestry board was organised

1641 The rules of forest management were prepared and forest ordination carried out

1795-1918

Russian forest management system was introduced (after Russian occupation)

1837-1869

Forest management by military principles was introduced

1918 The national Forestry board (Forestry department) was organised, after Lithuania became independent state

1922 University level forestry education started

1950 Forest research institute was established

The general characteristics of The general characteristics of Lithuanian forest (2006)Lithuanian forest (2006)

Characteristic Amount

Total forestry area, 1000 ha 2100

Forest land area, 1000 ha 2069

Productive forest area, 1000 ha 2014

Forest coverage, % 32.5

Total growing stock, mill. m3 (over bark) 401

Mean volume per ha m3 199

Gross annual increment mill. m3 (over bark) 13.1

Forest area per capita, ha 0.62

Forest stock per capita, m3 118

Forest coverage in Lithuania, Forest coverage in Lithuania, 1938 – 20061938 – 2006

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fo

res

t c

ov

era

ge

, %

1938 1956 1973 1993 2001 2005

Growing stock volume, Growing stock volume, 1938 – 20061938 – 2006

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Vo

lum

e, m

ill.

m3

1938 1956 1973 1993 2001 2005

Distribution of forestry area Distribution of forestry area by forest groups and by forest groups and

subgroups (2006)subgroups (2006)

Forest groups and subgroups Area, ha %

I Reserved forests 25 691 1.2

II Special-purpose forests 260 618 12.3

III Protective Forests 340 610 16.1

IV Commercial forests 1 494 004 70.4

Total 2 120 922 100

Changes in private ownership Changes in private ownership of forest land (2006)of forest land (2006)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Fo

res

t a

rea

, 10

00

ha

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2004 2005 2006

Size of private forest holding Size of private forest holding (2006)(2006)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Nu

mb

er i

n %

<1,1 ha 1,1-3,0 ha 3,1-5,0 ha 5,1-10,0 ha 10,1-20,0 ha >20 ha

The dynamics of forest felling The dynamics of forest felling during the last 80 yearsduring the last 80 years

YearsAnnual felling, mill m3

(merchantable wood over bark)

1921-1930 6.1

1931-1940 6.7

1941-1944 6.6

1945-1950 5.3

1951-1960 3.8

1961-1970 3.0

1971-1980 3.1

1981-1994 3.2

1995-2000 5.3

2001-2005 6,0

Political management of Political management of forestsforests

Ministry of environment Department of forestsDepartment of forests (~ 20 employees) Determine forest policy Ministry of environment National board of forest National board of forest

control control (~ 120 employees) Control forestry activity of all forests General forest enterprise General forest enterprise (~ 35 employees) Coordinate activity of state forest enterprises National board of protected areasNational board of protected areas (~ 25 employees) Coordinate activity of state institutions of protected

areas

Forest administrators and Forest administrators and ownersowners

State forest enterprisesState forest enterprises

(~ 3000 employees)

42 enterprises administrate 50 % of the forest

Private forest ownersPrivate forest owners

(~ 240 000 owners)

Occupy 30 % of the forest

Institutions of protected areas Institutions of protected areas (Works in the territory of state forest enterprises and

private forests)

National parksNational parks (~ 100 employees) 4 national parks and 1 historical national park Regional parks Regional parks (~ 150 employees) 30 regional parksStrict reservesStrict reserves (~ 50 employees) 6 strict reserves

Contractors of forestry works Contractors of forestry works (Forest felling, forest plantation, thinning)

Small enterprisesSmall enterprises

(~ 3000 forest workers)

About 300 enterprises (5-20 forest workers in each enterprise)

Normal enterprisesNormal enterprises

(~ 1000 skilled forest workers)

About 30 enterprises (30-40 skilled forest workers and modern forest machinery (forwarders) in each enterprise)

Forest owners’ institutionsForest owners’ institutions

Forest owners’ associations Forest owners’ associations (~ 15 employees)

2 associations Forest owners’ cooperatives Forest owners’ cooperatives (~ 150 employees)

10 cooperatives

Institutions for common need Institutions for common need of forestry sectorof forestry sector

Institutions for preparing of the specialists and skilled forest workers. Forest research institutions Lithuanian university of agriculture Faculty of forestryFaculty of forestry (~ 20 employees)

• every year prepare ~ 80 forestry specialists highest qualification • carry out forest research

Kaunas college of forestry and environment engineering Faculty of forestry and landscape architectureFaculty of forestry and landscape architecture (~ 20 employees)

• every year prepare ~ 60 forestry specialists high qualification, • carry out forest research, • organize refresher course for forestry specialists and private forest

owners • every year prepare ~ 20 skilled forest workers and ~ 150 forest sawyers

State forest research instituteState forest research institute (~ 60 employees) Carry out forest research

Institutions for common need Institutions for common need of forestry sectorof forestry sector

Institutions of Forest inventory and forest management planning

State Forest survey serviceState Forest survey service (~ 35 employees) Carry out national forest inventory, create forest informational system State forest management planning institute State forest management planning institute (~ 150 employees) Make projects for forest management Private forest management planning institutions Private forest management planning institutions (~ 100 employees) Make projects for forest management

Institutions for common need Institutions for common need of forestry sectorof forestry sector

Institutions for improving forest growth Service of forest genetic resources Service of forest genetic resources (~ 30 employees) Supervises forest seed orchards, supervises seed quality control Service of forest protection Service of forest protection (~ 15 employees) Investigate forest healthy and estimate way to improve it

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The structure of study system in The structure of study system in forestry faculty forestry faculty

(Lithuanian University of Agriculture)(Lithuanian University of Agriculture)

Basic study

Fundamental sciences Humanity sciences Sciences of forest ecosystem

Speciality study

Silviculture Forest economics Forest technology Game management

Masterstudy

Doctoral study

2 years 2 years 2 years 4 years