LITHUANIAN LITHUANIAN FORESTRY SECTORFORESTRY SECTOR
(Brief glimpse)(Brief glimpse)
Change of forest coverage in Change of forest coverage in LithuaniaLithuania
Century Forest coverage, %
XI 56
XIII 54
XV 45
XVIII 44
XIX 37
Beginning of XX 24
Middle of XX 20
Beginning of XXI 31
The most famous dates of The most famous dates of forestry in Lithuaniaforestry in Lithuania
Date Fact1559 The first inventory of 38 forest tracts carry out
1567 The first forest law have been prepared and forestry board was organised
1641 The rules of forest management were prepared and forest ordination carried out
1795-1918
Russian forest management system was introduced (after Russian occupation)
1837-1869
Forest management by military principles was introduced
1918 The national Forestry board (Forestry department) was organised, after Lithuania became independent state
1922 University level forestry education started
1950 Forest research institute was established
The general characteristics of The general characteristics of Lithuanian forest (2006)Lithuanian forest (2006)
Characteristic Amount
Total forestry area, 1000 ha 2100
Forest land area, 1000 ha 2069
Productive forest area, 1000 ha 2014
Forest coverage, % 32.5
Total growing stock, mill. m3 (over bark) 401
Mean volume per ha m3 199
Gross annual increment mill. m3 (over bark) 13.1
Forest area per capita, ha 0.62
Forest stock per capita, m3 118
Forest coverage in Lithuania, Forest coverage in Lithuania, 1938 – 20061938 – 2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Fo
res
t c
ov
era
ge
, %
1938 1956 1973 1993 2001 2005
Growing stock volume, Growing stock volume, 1938 – 20061938 – 2006
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Vo
lum
e, m
ill.
m3
1938 1956 1973 1993 2001 2005
Distribution of forestry area Distribution of forestry area by forest groups and by forest groups and
subgroups (2006)subgroups (2006)
Forest groups and subgroups Area, ha %
I Reserved forests 25 691 1.2
II Special-purpose forests 260 618 12.3
III Protective Forests 340 610 16.1
IV Commercial forests 1 494 004 70.4
Total 2 120 922 100
Changes in private ownership Changes in private ownership of forest land (2006)of forest land (2006)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Fo
res
t a
rea
, 10
00
ha
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2004 2005 2006
Size of private forest holding Size of private forest holding (2006)(2006)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Nu
mb
er i
n %
<1,1 ha 1,1-3,0 ha 3,1-5,0 ha 5,1-10,0 ha 10,1-20,0 ha >20 ha
The dynamics of forest felling The dynamics of forest felling during the last 80 yearsduring the last 80 years
YearsAnnual felling, mill m3
(merchantable wood over bark)
1921-1930 6.1
1931-1940 6.7
1941-1944 6.6
1945-1950 5.3
1951-1960 3.8
1961-1970 3.0
1971-1980 3.1
1981-1994 3.2
1995-2000 5.3
2001-2005 6,0
Political management of Political management of forestsforests
Ministry of environment Department of forestsDepartment of forests (~ 20 employees) Determine forest policy Ministry of environment National board of forest National board of forest
control control (~ 120 employees) Control forestry activity of all forests General forest enterprise General forest enterprise (~ 35 employees) Coordinate activity of state forest enterprises National board of protected areasNational board of protected areas (~ 25 employees) Coordinate activity of state institutions of protected
areas
Forest administrators and Forest administrators and ownersowners
State forest enterprisesState forest enterprises
(~ 3000 employees)
42 enterprises administrate 50 % of the forest
Private forest ownersPrivate forest owners
(~ 240 000 owners)
Occupy 30 % of the forest
Institutions of protected areas Institutions of protected areas (Works in the territory of state forest enterprises and
private forests)
National parksNational parks (~ 100 employees) 4 national parks and 1 historical national park Regional parks Regional parks (~ 150 employees) 30 regional parksStrict reservesStrict reserves (~ 50 employees) 6 strict reserves
Contractors of forestry works Contractors of forestry works (Forest felling, forest plantation, thinning)
Small enterprisesSmall enterprises
(~ 3000 forest workers)
About 300 enterprises (5-20 forest workers in each enterprise)
Normal enterprisesNormal enterprises
(~ 1000 skilled forest workers)
About 30 enterprises (30-40 skilled forest workers and modern forest machinery (forwarders) in each enterprise)
Forest owners’ institutionsForest owners’ institutions
Forest owners’ associations Forest owners’ associations (~ 15 employees)
2 associations Forest owners’ cooperatives Forest owners’ cooperatives (~ 150 employees)
10 cooperatives
Institutions for common need Institutions for common need of forestry sectorof forestry sector
Institutions for preparing of the specialists and skilled forest workers. Forest research institutions Lithuanian university of agriculture Faculty of forestryFaculty of forestry (~ 20 employees)
• every year prepare ~ 80 forestry specialists highest qualification • carry out forest research
Kaunas college of forestry and environment engineering Faculty of forestry and landscape architectureFaculty of forestry and landscape architecture (~ 20 employees)
• every year prepare ~ 60 forestry specialists high qualification, • carry out forest research, • organize refresher course for forestry specialists and private forest
owners • every year prepare ~ 20 skilled forest workers and ~ 150 forest sawyers
State forest research instituteState forest research institute (~ 60 employees) Carry out forest research
Institutions for common need Institutions for common need of forestry sectorof forestry sector
Institutions of Forest inventory and forest management planning
State Forest survey serviceState Forest survey service (~ 35 employees) Carry out national forest inventory, create forest informational system State forest management planning institute State forest management planning institute (~ 150 employees) Make projects for forest management Private forest management planning institutions Private forest management planning institutions (~ 100 employees) Make projects for forest management
Institutions for common need Institutions for common need of forestry sectorof forestry sector
Institutions for improving forest growth Service of forest genetic resources Service of forest genetic resources (~ 30 employees) Supervises forest seed orchards, supervises seed quality control Service of forest protection Service of forest protection (~ 15 employees) Investigate forest healthy and estimate way to improve it
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The structure of study system in The structure of study system in forestry faculty forestry faculty
(Lithuanian University of Agriculture)(Lithuanian University of Agriculture)
Basic study
Fundamental sciences Humanity sciences Sciences of forest ecosystem
Speciality study
Silviculture Forest economics Forest technology Game management
Masterstudy
Doctoral study
2 years 2 years 2 years 4 years