LISTENING

Public Speaking Mr. McFadden

LISTENING

Listening is more than hearing.1. Hearing- being able to detect sound2. Listening- getting meaning from what

is heard We quickly nearly all of what we hear-

75% of a ten minute speech is out of our head within 48 hours

45% of daily communication is time spent listening.

5 WAYS TO LISTEN

1. Appreciative Listening: music, nature noises, etc. We listen because we enjoy the sound

2. Discriminative Listening- when we want to single out one noise in the environment. A friend’s voice in a crowded room

3. Comprehensive Listening- listening to understand, to get the big picture or the main idea.

5 WAYS TO LISTEN

4. Therapeutic Listening- listening to encourage others to talk freely without embarrassment. Listening to a friend’s sob story.

5. Critical Listening- most active listening. Listening and judging what is said for coherence, believability, value- thinking carefully about what we hear.

COMPREHENSIVE LISTENING

What you should listening for: The speaker’s goal, the purpose for

giving the speech. Main ideas Repetition Signal Words Supporting Details- examples, stats,

facts, reasons Context- figure out meaning based on

words that are said

CRITICAL LISTENING

Pay attention to logical fallacies aka an error of reasoning

Testimonial: using celebrities to promote and idea or product

False Comparison: comparing unlike things Jump on the Bandwagon: convincing one

to do something because everyone else is Propaganda: passing opinions as truth to

convince people to believe in something

CRITICAL LISTENING

Hasty Generalization: Conclusions or opinions that are drawn from very few observations that ignores exceptions. Ex: A student fails a test; he or she must not care and will never study.

Begging the Question: assuming the truth of a statement before it is proven. Ex: “with my plan, this country’s ineffective health care can be remedied within a decade.” The speaker has not proven it is ineffective.

CRITICAL LISTENING

False Premise: a premise that is untrue or distorted. Ex: We are bound to have a winning team this year, 4 of our 5 starters are back.

Irrelevant Evidence: information that has nothing to do with the argument being made. Ex: The student deserves an A on the project because he spent 20 hours on it. Plus, he made it out of woods.

2 MORE THINGS TO LISTEN FOR

Name Calling: labeling intended to arouse powerful negative feelings. Ex: liberal, conservative, jock, prep, snob

Stereotyping: biased belief about a whole group of people based on insufficient or irrelevant evidence.

ROAD BLOCKS TO LISTENING1. We think of what we want to say next

rather than listen.2. Short attention spans- we anticipate

conversations.3. Tune out dull topics4. Faking attention5. Yielding to distractions6. Criticizing delivery or physical appearance7. Overreact to emotional words

Tuning Out

LISTENING

Passive Listening: easily distracted, paying attention to how the speaker talks than to what is said and unresponsive to the speaker’s message.

Active Listening: (this is what we want): being attentive and showing/giving positive feedback

Contributions to speaker from listener: Provide Encouragement/feedback Ask for explanations to help speaker feel

comfortable/clarify Paraphrasing the message Take notes