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ISSUES IN TEACHING L2 LISTENING
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS LANGUAGE Speech rate Unfamiliar accent Numbers of speakers Similarity of voices Use of less frequent vocabulary
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS LANGUAGE Grammatical complexity Embedded idea units Complex pronoun reference
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS EXPLICITNESS Implicit ideas Lack of redundancy
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIZATION Events narrated out of natural time order Examples preceding the point they
illustrate
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS CONTENT Unfamiliar topics Number of things and people referred to Unclear indication of the relative
importance of protagonists in the text Shifting relationships b/w protagonists Abstract content
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS CONTEXT Lack of visual or other support
1. DIFFICULTY FACTORS IN LISTENING
TASK CHARACTERISTICS Tasks tend to be more difficult when they
require Processing of more details Integration of information from different
parts of the text Recall of gist ( For example, writing a
summary) rather than exact content
2. AUTHENTICITY OF TEXT & TASK
AUTHENTICITY OF TEXT Authentic in the context is generally defined as “
not designed or recorded for non- native speakers, or for language learning purposes.
A text was genuine if containing the sort of language typical of the genre in actual use
The term “ authentic” , Widdowson reserved for the appropriacy from listeners or readers
2. AUTHENTICITY OF TEXT & TASK
AUTHENTICITY OF TASK Making learning tasks as realistic as
possible
Ex: the information gap in CLT.
3. STRATEGY INSTRUCTION
Strategy instruction for determining SIMT Setting (Where and When) Interpersonal relationships ( Who) Mood ( How => tone) Topic ( What and Why)
4. SKILLS TRAINING
Discriminating b/w similar sounds Coping with and processing “ fast speech” Processing stress and intonational differences Processing the meaning of different discourse
markers Understanding communicative functions and
the non- one- to – one equivalence b/w form and function
4. CONCLUSION
LISTENING PROCESSES are COMPLEX LISTENING COMPREHENSION is DIFFICULT
----------------------------------------------------------------- Endorsing the importance of a strategic approach to
L2 listening instruction Striking a balance b/w practice- focused listening
skills work and practice in the use of strategies