List of Nobel Laureates in Literature (1) en Wikipedia Org

7/30/2019 List of Nobel Laureates in Literature (1) en Wikipedia Org

1/13

List of Nobel laureates in Literature 1

List of Nobel laureates in Literature

Horace Engdahl, the former permanent secretary

of the Swedish Academy, announcing that

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clzio won the 2008

Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is

awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding

contributions in the field of literature. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes

established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which are awarded for

outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and

physiology or medicine.[1] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is

administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee

that consists of five members elected by the Swedish Academy.[2] The

first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1901 to Sully

Prudhomme of France. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and

a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years.[3] In

1901, Prudhomme received 150,782 SEK, which is equivalent to

7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2012, the prize was awarded to

Mo Yan of China.[] The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual

ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[4]

As of 2012, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to 109

individuals.[] When he received the award in 1958, Russian-born Boris

Pasternak was forced to decline it under pressure from the government

of the Soviet Union. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the

Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past.[] Twelve women have won the

Nobel Prize in Literature, more than any other Nobel Prize with the exception of the Nobel Peace Prize.[] Among all

the years the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded, there have been only four instances in which the award was

given to two individuals (1904, 1917, 1966, 1974). There have been seven years in which the Nobel Prize inLiterature was not awarded (1914, 1918, 1935, 19401943).[]

Laureates

Year LaureateCountry

[A] Language Citation Genre(s)

1901 Sully

Prudhomme

France French "in special recognition of his poetic composition,

which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic

perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of

both heart and intellect"

[]

poetry, essay

1902 Theodor

Mommsen

Germany German "the greatest living master of the art of historical

writing, with special reference to his monumental

work,A History of Rome"[]

history, law

1903 Bjrnstjerne

Bjrnson

Norway Norwegian "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile

poetry, which has always been distinguished by both

the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of

its spirit"[]

poetry, novel,

drama
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bj%C3%B6rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B6rnson%2C_1901.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Rome_%28Mommsen%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Mommsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Mommsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:T-mommsen-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lofty_idealismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Prudhommehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Prudhommehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sully-Prudhomme.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Sartrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boris_Pasternakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boris_Pasternakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anniversaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stockholmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Yanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Prudhommehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Prudhommehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Will_%28law%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Literaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ANobel2008Literature_news_conference1-1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9ziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horace_Engdahl


2/13


1904 Frdric

Mistral

France Occitan "in recognition of the fresh originality and true

inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully

reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his

people, and, in addition, his significant work as a

Provenal philologist"[]

poetry,

philology

Jos

Echegaray

Spain Spanish "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant

compositions which, in an individual and original

manner, have revived the great traditions of the

Spanish drama"[]

drama

1905 Henryk

Sienkiewicz

Poland Polish "because of his outstanding merits as an epic

writer"[]

novel

1906 Giosu

Carducci

Italy Italian "not only in consideration of his deep learning and

critical research, but above all as a tribute to the

creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force

which characterize his poetic masterpieces"[]

poetry

1907 Rudyard

Kipling

United Kingdom English "in consideration of the power of observation,

originality of imagination, virility of ideas and

remarkable talent for narration which characterize the

creations of this world-famous author"[]

novel, short

story, poetry

1908 Rudolf

Christoph

Eucken

Germany German "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his

penetrating power of thought, his wide range of

vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation

with which in his numerous works he has vindicated

and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"[]

philosophy

1909 Selma

Lagerlf

Sweden Swedish "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid

imagination and spiritual perception that characterize

her writings"[]

novel, short

story

1910 Paul von

Heyse

Germany German "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated

with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his

long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist,

novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[]

poetry, drama,

novel, short

story

1911 Maurice

Maeterlinck

Belgium French "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities,

and especially of his dramatic works, which are

distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a

poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise

of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in amysterious way they appeal to the readers' own

feelings and stimulate their imaginations"[]

drama, poetry,

essay

1912 Gerhart

Hauptmann

Germany German "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and

outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"[]

drama, novel

1913 Rabindranath

Tagore

India Bengali "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and

beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he

has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own

English words, a part of the literature of the West"[]

poetry, novel,

drama, short

story, music

1914 Not awarded
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengali_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabindranath_Tagorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabindranath_Tagorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tagore3.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerhart_Hauptmannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerhart_Hauptmannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Maeterlinckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Maeterlinckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Maurice_Maeterlinck.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Heysehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Heysehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adolf_Friedrich_Erdmann_von_Menzel_042.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lofty_idealismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6fhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6fhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Christoph_Euckenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Christoph_Euckenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Christoph_Euckenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudyard_Kiplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudyard_Kiplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kiplingcropped.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giosu%C3%A8_Carduccihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giosu%C3%A8_Carduccihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carducci.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henryk_Sienkiewiczhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henryk_Sienkiewiczhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henryk_Sienkiewicz_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegarayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegarayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occitan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occitan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_by_Paul_Sa%C3%AFn.jpg


3/13


1915 Romain

Rolland

France French "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary

production and to the sympathy and love of truth with

which he has described different types of human

beings"[]

novel

1916 Verner von

Heidenstam

Sweden Swedish "in recognition of his significance as the leading

representative of a new era in our literature"[]

poetry, novel

1917 Karl Adolph

Gjellerup

Denmark Danish "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by

lofty ideals"[]

poetry

Henrik

Pontoppidan

Denmark Danish "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in

Denmark"[]

novel

1918 Not awarded

1919 Carl Spitteler Switzerland German "in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian

Spring"[]

poetry

1920 Knut Hamsun Norway Norwegian "for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil"[] novel

1921 Anatole

France

France French "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements,

characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a

profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic

temperament"[]

novel, poetry

1922 Jacinto

Benavente

Spain Spanish "for the happy manner in which he has continued the

illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"[]

drama

1923 William

Butler Yeats

Ireland English "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly

artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole

nation"[]

poetry

1924 Wadysaw

Reymont

Poland Polish "for his great national epic, The Peasants"[] novel

1925 George

Bernard Shaw

Ireland English "for his work which is marked by both idealism and

humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused

with a singular poetic beauty"[]

drama, literary

criticism

1926 Grazia

Deledda

Italy Italian "for her idealistically inspired writings which with

plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and

with depth and sympathy deal with human problems

in general"[]

poetry, novel

1927 Henri Bergson France French "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the

brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[]

philosophy

1928 Sigrid Undset Norway Norwegian "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern

life during the Middle Ages"[]

novel
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigrid_Undsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sigrid_Undset_crop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_Bergsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bergson-Nobel-photo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grazia_Deleddahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grazia_Deleddahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Bernard_Shawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Bernard_Shawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:George_bernard_shaw.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C5%82opihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._B._Yeatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._B._Yeatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:William_Butler_Yeat_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacinto_Benaventehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacinto_Benaventehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jacinto_Benavente_y_Martinez.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AnatoleFrance.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Growth_of_the_Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knut_Hamsunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Knut_Hamsun.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Spittelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carl_spitteler_1905.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Pontoppidanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Pontoppidanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Adolph_Gjelleruphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Adolph_Gjelleruphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Karl_Gjellerup.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner_von_Heidenstamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner_von_Heidenstamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Johan_Krouth%C3%A9n_-_Portr%C3%A4tt_av_Verner_von_Heidenstam.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lofty_idealismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romain_Rollandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romain_Rolland


4/13


1929 Thomas Mann Germany German "principally for his great novel,Buddenbrooks, which

has won steadily increased recognition as one of the

classic works of contemporary literature"[]

novel, short

story, essay

1930 Sinclair Lewis United States English "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and

his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types

of characters"

[]

novel, short

story, drama

1931 Erik Axel

Karlfeldt

Sweden Swedish "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"[] poetry

1932 John

Galsworthy

United Kingdom English "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its

highest form in The Forsyte Saga"[]

novel

1933 Ivan Bunin Russia (exiled to

France)

Russian "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the

classical Russian traditions in prose writing"[]

short story,

poetry, novel

1934 LuigiPirandello

Italy Italian "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic andscenic art"

[] drama, novel,short story

1935 Not awarded

1936 Eugene

O'Neill

United States English "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his

dramatic works, which embody an original concept of

tragedy"[]

drama

1937 Roger Martin

du Gard

France French "for the artistic power and truth with which he has

depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental

aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycleLes

Thibault"[]

novel

1938 Pearl S. Buck United States English "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant

life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[]

novel

1939 Frans Eemil

Sillanp

Finland Finnish "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry

and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed

their way of life and their relationship with Nature"[]

novel

1940 Not awarded

1941 Not awarded

1942 Not awarded

1943 Not awarded

1944 Johannes

Vilhelm

Jensen

Denmark Danish "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic

imagination with which is combined an intellectual

curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative

style"[]

poetry

1945 Gabriela

Mistral

Chile Spanish "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful

emotions, has made her name a symbol of the

idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American

world"[]

poetry
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriela_Mistralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriela_Mistralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gabriela_Mistral-01_cropped.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finnish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FransEemilSillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pearl_S._Buckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_Martin_du_Gardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_Martin_du_Gardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Eugene_O%27Neill_1936.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Pirandellohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Pirandellohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Luigi_Pirandello_1932.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Buninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Forsyte_Sagahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Galsworthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Galsworthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:John_galsworthy.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erik_Axel_Karlfeldthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erik_Axel_Karlfeldthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinclair_Lewishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddenbrookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Mannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Thomas_Mann_1937.jpg


5/13


1946 Hermann

Hesse

Germany (exiled

to Switzerland)

German "for his inspired writings which, while growing in

boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical

humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"[]

novel, poetry

1947 Andr Gide France French "for his comprehensive and artistically significant

writings, in which human problems and conditions

have been presented with a fearless love of truth and

keen psychological insight"[]

novel, essay

1948 T. S. Eliot United Kingdom English "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to

present-day poetry"[]

poetry

1949 William

Faulkner

United States English "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution

to the modern American novel"[]

novel, short

story

1950 Bertrand

Russell

United Kingdom English "in recognition of his varied and significant writings

in which he champions humanitarian ideals and

freedom of thought"[]

philosophy

1951 Pr Lagerkvist Sweden Swedish "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind

with which he endeavours in his poetry to find

answers to the eternal questions confronting

mankind"[]

poetry, novel,

short story,

drama

1952 Franois

Mauriac

France French "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity

with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama

of human life"[]

novel, short

story

1953 Winston

Churchill

United Kingdom English "for his mastery of historical and biographical

description as well as for brilliant oratory in

defending exalted human values"

[]

history, essay,

memoirs

1954 Ernest

Hemingway

United States English "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently

demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for

the influence that he has exerted on contemporary

style"[]

novel, short

story,

screenplay

1955 Halldr

Laxness

Iceland Icelandic "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great

narrative art of Iceland"[]

novel, short

story, drama,

poetry

1956 Juan Ramn

Jimnez

Spain Spanish "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language

constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical

purity"

[]

poetry

1957 Albert Camus France French "for his important literary production, which with

clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of

the human conscience in our times"[]

novel, short

story, drama,

philosophy,

essay

1958 Boris

Pasternak

Soviet Union Russian "for his important achievement both in contemporary

lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian

epic tradition"[]

novel, poetry,

translation

1959 Salvatore

Quasimodo

Italy Italian "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire

expresses the tragic experience of life in our own

times"[]

poetry
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Quasimodohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Quasimodohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boris_Pasternakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boris_Pasternakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Boris_Pasternak_cropped.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Camushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JRJimenez.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Icelandic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screenplayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Man_and_the_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Hemingwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Hemingwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ErnestHemingway.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memoirshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriachttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriachttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac_%281932%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honourable_Bertrand_Russell.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Faulknerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Faulknerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T._S._Eliothttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:T.S._Eliot%2C_1923.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Gidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andr%C3%A9_Gide.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Hesse


6/13


1960 Saint-John

Perse

France French "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of

his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the

conditions of our time"[]

poetry

1961 Ivo Andri Yugoslavia Serbo-Croatian "for the epic force with which he has traced themes

and depicted human destinies drawn from the history

of his country"[]

novel, short

story

1962 John

Steinbeck

United States English "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining

as they do sympathetic humour and keen social

perception"[]

novel, short

story,

screenplay

1963 Giorgos

Seferis

Greece Greek "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep

feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"[]

poetry

1964 Jean-Paul

Sartre

France French "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the

spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a

far-reaching influence on our age"[]

novel,

philosophy,

drama, literary

criticism,

screenplay

1965 Mikhail

Sholokhov

Soviet Union Russian "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his

epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic

phase in the life of the Russian people"[]

novel

1966 Shmuel Yosef

Agnon

Israel Hebrew "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with

motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[]

novel, short

story

Nelly Sachs Germany (exiled

to Sweden)

German "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing,

which interprets Israel's destiny with touching

strength"[]

poetry, drama

1967 Miguel ngel

Asturias

Guatemala Spanish "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the

national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of

Latin America"[]

novel, poetry

1968 Kawabata

Yasunari

Japan Japanese "for his narrative mastery, which with great

sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese

mind"[]

novel, short

story

1969 Samuel

Beckett

Ireland English and

French"for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel

and drama - in the destitution of modern man

acquires its elevation"[]

novel, drama,

poetry

1970 Aleksandr

Solzhenitsyn

Russia Russian "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the

indispensable traditions of Russian literature"[]

novel

1971 Pablo Neruda Chile Spanish "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental

force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"[]

poetry

1972 Heinrich Bll Germany German "for his writing which through its combination of a

broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in

characterization has contributed to a renewal of

German literature"[]

novel, short

story
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6llhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Nerudahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pablo_Neruda.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Solzhenitsynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Solzhenitsynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_solzhenitsin1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Becketthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Becketthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Samuel_Beckett_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasunari_Kawabatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasunari_Kawabatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Yasunari_Kawabata_1938.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guatemalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturiashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturiashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MiguelAngelAsturias.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nelly_Sachshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shmuel_Yosef_Agnonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shmuel_Yosef_Agnonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agnon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Sholokhovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Sholokhovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sholokhov-1938.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screenplayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Sartrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Sartrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jean-Paul_Sartre_FP.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgos_Seferishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgos_Seferishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screenplayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Steinbeckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Steinbeckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JohnSteinbeck_crop.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbo-Croatian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SFRYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivo_Andri%C4%87http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andric_Ivo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint-John_Persehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint-John_Perse


7/13


1973 Patrick White Australia English "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has

introduced a new continent into literature"[]

novel, short

story, drama

1974 Eyvind

Johnson

Sweden Swedish "for a narrative art, farseeing in lands and ages, in the

service of freedom"[]

novel

HarryMartinson

Sweden Swedish "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect thecosmos"

[] poetry, novel,drama

1975 Eugenio

Montale

Italy Italian "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic

sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the

sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"[]

poetry

1976 Saul Bellow United States English "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of

contemporary culture that are combined in his

work"[]

novel, short

story

1977 Vicente

Aleixandre

Spain Spanish "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's

condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at

the same time representing the great renewal of thetraditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"

[]

poetry

1978 Isaac Bashevis

Singer

United States Yiddish "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in

a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal

human conditions to life"[]

novel, short

story, memoirs

1979 Odysseas

Elytis

Greece Greek "for his poetry, which, against the background of

Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and

intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle

for freedom and creativeness"[]

poetry

1980 Czesaw

Miosz

Poland

United States

Polish "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices

man's exposed condition in a world of severe

conflicts"[]

poetry, essay

1981 Elias Canetti Bulgaria

United Kingdom

German "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of

ideas and artistic power"[]

novel, drama,

memoirs, essay

1982 Gabriel Garca

Mrquez

Colombia Spanish "for his novels and short stories, in which the

fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly

composed world of imagination, reflecting a

continent's life and conflicts"[]

novel, short

story,

screenplay

1983 William

Golding

United Kingdom English "for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic

narrative art and the diversity and universality ofmyth, illuminate the human condition in the world of

today"[]

novel, poetry,

drama

1984 Jaroslav

Seifert

Czechoslovakia Czech "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, and

rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the

indomitable spirit and versatility of man"[]

poetry

1985 Claude Simon France French "who in his novel combines the poet's and the

painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of

time in the depiction of the human condition"[]

novel

1986 Wole Soyinka Nigeria English "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic

overtones fashions the drama of existence"[]

drama, novel,

poetry
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wole_Soyinkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Soyinka%2C_Wole_%281934%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude_Simonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czech_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovakiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Seiferthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Seiferthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jaroslav_Seifert_grave_at_Kralupy_nad_Vltavou_cemetery_CZ_0008.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Goldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Goldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:William_Golding_1983.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screenplayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gabriel_Garcia_Marquez.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memoirshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elias_Canettihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Elias_Canetti_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82oszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82oszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Czeslaw_Milosz%2C_1986.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odysseas_Elytishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odysseas_Elytishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Elytis%2C_Odysseas_%281911-1996%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memoirshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Bashevis_Singerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Bashevis_Singerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Isaac_Bashevis_Singer_crop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Aleixandrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Aleixandrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Vicentealeixandre.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saul_Bellowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Saul_Bellow%2C_1990.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Montalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Montalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eyvind_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eyvind_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Patrick_White_1973.jpg


8/13


1987 Joseph

Brodsky

Soviet Union

United States

English and

Russian"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity

of thought and poetic intensity"[]

poetry

1988 Naguib

Mahfouz

Egypt Arabic "who, through works rich in nuance - now

clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous

- has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to

all mankind"[]

novel

1989 Camilo Jos

Cela

Spain Spanish "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained

compassion forms a challenging vision of man's

vulnerability"[]

novel, short

story

1990 Octavio Paz Mexico Spanish "for impassioned writing with wide horizons,

characterized by sensuous intelligence and

humanistic integrity"[]

poetry, essay,

1991 Nadine

Gordimer

South Africa English "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in

the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great

benefit to humanity"[]

novel, short

story, essay

1992 Derek Walcott Saint Lucia English "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by

a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural

commitment"[]

poetry

1993 Toni Morrison United States English "who in novels characterized by visionary force and

poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of

American reality"[]

novel

1994 Kenzabur e Japan Japanese "who with poetic force creates an imagined world,

where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting

picture of the human predicament today"[]

novel, short

story

1995 Seamus

Heaney

Ireland English "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which

exalt everyday miracles and the living past"[]

poetry

1996 Wisawa

Szymborska

Poland Polish "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the

historical and biological context to come to light in

fragments of human reality"[]

poetry

1997 Dario Fo Italy Italian "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in

scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the

downtrodden"[]

drama

1998 Jos

Saramago

Portugal Portuguese "who with parables sustained by imagination,

compassion and irony continually enables us once

again to apprehend an elusory reality"[]

novel, drama,

poetry

1999 Gnter Grass Germany German "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten

face of history"[]

novel, drama,

poetry

2000 Gao Xingjian China

France

Chinese "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights

and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths

for the Chinese novel and drama"[]

novel, drama,

literary criticism
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gao_Xingjian.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Grass.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Saramagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Saramagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JSJoseSaramago.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dario_Fohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dario_Fo-Cesena.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ironic_precisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Szymborska%28closeup%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seamus_Heaneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seamus_Heaneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Seamus_Heaney_2004.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Cehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Oe_Kenzaburo_1-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toni_Morrisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Toni_Morrison_2008-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derek_Walcotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Derek_Walcott.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadine_Gordimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadine_Gordimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Octavio_Pazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Paz0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Celahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Celahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Portrait_Cela.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naguib_Mahfouzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naguib_Mahfouzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Necip_Mahfuz.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Brodskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Brodskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Josef_Brodsky_crop.jpg


9/13


2001 V. S. Naipaul United Kingdom

Trinidad &

Tobago

English "for having united perceptive narrative and

incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see

the presence of suppressed histories"[]

novel, essay

2002 Imre Kertsz Hungary Hungarian "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the

individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of

history"[]

novel

2003 J. M. Coetzee South Africa English "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising

involvement of the outsider"[]

novel, essay,

translation

2004 Elfriede

Jelinek

Austria German "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in

novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic

zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichs and their

subjugating power"[]

novel, drama

2005 Harold Pinter United Kingdom English "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under

everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's

closed rooms"[]

drama

2006 Orhan Pamuk Turkey Turkish "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his

native city has discovered new symbols for the clash

and interlacing of cultures"[]

novel,

screenplay,

essay

2007 Doris Lessing United Kingdom English "that epicist of the female experience, who with

scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a

divided civilisation to scrutiny"[]

novel, drama,

poetry, short

story, memoirs

2008 J. M. G. Le

Clzio

France

Mauritius

French "author of new departures, poetic adventure and

sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and

below the reigning civilization"[]

novel, short

story, essay,

translation

2009 Herta Mller Germany

Romania

German "who, with the concentration of poetry and the

frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the

dispossessed"[]

novel, poetry

2010 Mario Vargas

Llosa

Peru

Spain

Spanish "for his cartography of structures of power and his

trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt,

and defeat".[]

novel, short

story, essay,

drama

2011 Tomas

Transtrmer

Sweden Swedish "because, through his condensed, translucent images,

he gives us fresh access to reality".[]

poetry,

translation

2012 Mo Yan China Chinese "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales,

history and the contemporary".[]

novel, short

story
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hallucinatory_realismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Yanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6merhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6merhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Transtroemer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mario_Vargas_Llosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mario_Vargas_Llosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mario_Vargas_Llosa-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herta_M%C3%BCllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Herta_M%C3%BCller_2007.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauritiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9ziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9ziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memoirshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doris_Lessinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Doris_lessing_20060312_%28square%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screenplayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orhan_Pamukhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Orhanpamuk2_cropped.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Pinterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pinterfoto_cropped2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elfriede_Jelinekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elfriede_Jelinekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Elfriede_jelinek_2004_small.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._M._Coetzeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:J.M._Coetzee.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imre_Kert%C3%A9szhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz_%281929-%29_Hungarian_writer_II._by_Csaba_Segesv%C3%A1ri.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinidad_%26_Tobagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinidad_%26_Tobagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._S._Naipaul


10/13


References

General

"All Nobel Laureates in Literature" [5]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 20081016.

Specific

[5] http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/

Notes

^ A. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel

Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.

External links

Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/index_eng.asp)

Official website of the Nobel Foundation (http://nobelprize.org/)

Read the Nobels (http://readnobels.blogspot. com/) - a collaborative Litblog featuring reviews of individual

books by Nobel Laureates.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litbloghttp://readnobels.blogspot.com/http://nobelprize.org/http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/index_eng.asphttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundationhttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/


11/13

Article Sources and Contributors 11

Article Sources and ContributorsList of Nobel laureates in Literature Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=546249500 Contributors: 8ty3hree, ANZLitLovers, Akuindo, Alessin, Alexthe5th, Ali Nazifpour,Alpha Quadrant, Altar, Amarshat, AndersL, Anthrophilos, Asparagus, Aurola, Baldrick90, Biruitorul, BrownHairedGirl, C C K C, Calliopejen1, CanadianLinuxUser, Canuckian89,CaptainCanada, Cccmm002, Chmarkine, Clestur, Codex1985, CommonsDelinker, CunningWizard, Dabomb87, Delaywaves, Devanatha, Diannaa, Diego Grez, Dossier2, Dragoscpp,Duendefutbal, Elelch, Emilindito, EnemyOfTheState, Fiodhna, Fram, Funandtrvl, Funper, G000se, GDibyendu, Gary King, GoodDay, Greenman, Grszny, Gumruch, HBZ91s, HazelGHC,Headbomb, Hidenorialchemist, Hmains, HombreDHojalata, Hu, IIIraute, Ian Dalziel, Ironholds, Irregulargalaxies, JenAW, Jeppiz, Jnothman, Joao Xavier, JohnWBarber, Julle, Kappa,Kilianjimmy, Kimyestjolie, LAS VEGAS, Lihaas, Lumendelumine, Lystopad, Mannerheim, Marawik, Marcol, Materialscientist, Megaman7de, Metropolitan90, Mewasul, Mirekmarut,

Mmmvidyahoo, Mukerjee, N-k, NSYSU, Nancy, Nasugbu batangas, Nicehumor, Nyttend, P. S. Burton, Paris 16, Paul.h, Pegship, Pernoctator, Phileasson, Poshtalionapechkin212, Pristino,Quicksilvre, Rajvaddhan, Rich Farmbrough, Robertgreer, Sacha Delton, SanGavinoEN, Sayanc, Schneelocke, Scorpion0422, Scorpion0422's PC Account, Sdornan, SeNeKa, Sephiroth BCR,Shahin.shn, Shinryuu, Skrofler, Soerfm, Sparkume, StAnselm, Stadtpark, Starskyinn, Sun Creator, Surprizi, SwinSvinoza, T. Anthony, TGilmour, Tankerlator, Taro-Gabunia, Tented, TheAnome, ThomasMorta, Thomasettaei, Tobby72, Tomchen1989, Tomeasy, Tonik 96, Umburi, Vanjagenije, Varlaam, Vol de nuit, Whitebeam, Whiteghost.ink, Woohookitty, Yknok29, , 236anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Nobel2008Literature news conference1-1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nobel2008Literature_news_conference1-1.jpg License: Creative CommonsAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Prolineserver (talk)

File:Sully-Prudhomme.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sully-Prudhomme.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bubamara, Ctac, Elcobbola, Kilom691, Mu,Nard the Bard, Sdornan, September9, 1 anonymous edits

File:T-mommsen-2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:T-mommsen-2.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Jabecker423 at en.wikipedia

File:Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson, 1901.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bjrnstjerne_Bjrnson,_1901.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: of image: unknown.Description from: Lillie de Hegermann-Lindencrone: The Sunny Side of Diplomatic Life, 1875-1912 1913, 1914 By Harper & Brothers , Printed in The United States of America, Published

October, 1914

File:Frdric Mistral by Paul San.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Frdric_Mistral_by_Paul_San.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Paul San

File:Jos Echegaray y Eizaguirre.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jos_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Albertomos, Balbo,Edgar Allan Poe, Ephraim33, Frank C. Mller, Fryed-peach, Infrogmation, Jarekt, Kramer Associates, Shakko, 2 anonymous edits

File:Henryk Sienkiewicz 02.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henryk_Sienkiewicz_02.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Unknown (Bain News Service,publisher)

File:Carducci.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carducci.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Basili, Denniss, Ephraim33, IPork, Paris 16, Siebrand

File:Kiplingcropped.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kiplingcropped.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: -jkb-, Joergens.mi, Kelly, Soerfm, 1 anonymousedits

File:Rudolf Christoph Eucken.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bain News Service, publisher

File:Selma Lagerlf.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Selma_Lagerlf.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Eamezaga, Mu, Pieter Kuiper, ncelemeelemani, 1anonymous edits

File:Adolf Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel 042.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adolf_Friedrich_Erdmann_von_Menzel_042.jpg License: Public DomainContributors: AndreasPraefcke, Emijrp, Kilom691, Mariluna, Mattes, PKM, Shakko, Soerfm, Tm, 3 anonymous edits

File:Maurice Maeterlinck.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Maurice_Maeterlinck.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Ephraim33, Gruznov

File:Tagore3.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tagore3.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Ansumang, Badmachine, Materialscientist, Nagy, Otterathome,

Ragib, Roland zh, Saravask, Trelio, 9 anonymous editsFile:Johan Krouthn - Portrtt av Verner von Heidenstam.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Johan_Krouthn_-_Portrtt_av_Verner_von_Heidenstam.jpg License:Public Domain Contributors: User:Thuresson

File:Karl Gjellerup.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Karl_Gjellerup.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Gian-, Materialscientist, Saddhiyama, Soerfm

File:Carl spitteler 1905.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carl_spitteler_1905.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Elya, Ephraim33, Manoillon,Materialscientist

File:Knut Hamsun.jpeg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Knut_Hamsun.jpeg License: Public Domain Contributors: Kelson, Lipothymia, Svencb, Zerblatt, 1 anonymousedits

File:AnatoleFrance.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AnatoleFrance.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Claudio Elias, Ephraim33

File:Jacinto Benavente y Martinez.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jacinto_Benavente_y_Martinez.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Photoprint by BainNews Service

File:William Butler Yeat by George Charles Beresford.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:William_Butler_Yeat_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg License: PublicDomain Contributors: Avram, Awadewit, GrafZahl, Jatkins, Materialscientist, 1 anonymous edits

File:Wadysaw Reymont.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wadysaw_Reymont.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Andros64, Demut, HuBar, 3 anonymousedits

File:George bernard shaw.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:George_bernard_shaw.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Divna Jaksic, Djordjes, Fred J, Jed,

John Vandenberg, Leipnizkeks, Quibik, Shizhao, SoerfmFile:Bergson-Nobel-photo.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bergson-Nobel-photo.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Abu badali, K, Quadell

File:Sigrid Undset crop.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sigrid_Undset_crop.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Van Vechten, Carl

File:Thomas Mann 1937.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Thomas_Mann_1937.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Ary29, Calliopejen, Darldarl, Dcoetzee,DieBuche, Divna Jaksic, Djordjes, Erkabo, Infrogmation, Wst

File:Erik Axel Karlfeldt.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Carl Larsson (died 1919)

File:John galsworthy.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:John_galsworthy.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Andreagrossmann, Ejdzej, John Vandenberg,Materialscientist, Soerfm

File:Luigi Pirandello 1932.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Luigi_Pirandello_1932.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Mu, Nicola

File:Eugene O'Neill 1936.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Eugene_O'Neill_1936.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Nobel Foundation

File:FransEemilSillanp.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FransEemilSillanp.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Blofeld ofSPECTRE at en.wikipedia

File:Gabriela Mistral-01 cropped.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gabriela_Mistral-01_cropped.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg:derivative work: PRA (talk)

File:Andr Gide.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andr_Gide.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: unknow. uploader Claudio Elias

File:T.S. Eliot, 1923.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:T.S._Eliot,_1923.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Hbdragon88, Selket, Sfan00 IMG, SlimVirgin,

Stefan2File:Honourable Bertrand Russell.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honourable_Bertrand_Russell.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Photographer notidentified


12/13

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 12

File:Franois Mauriac (1932).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Franois_Mauriac_(1932).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:Njal

File:Churchill portrait NYP 45063.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: British Government

File:ErnestHemingway.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ErnestHemingway.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Lloyd Arnold

File:JRJimenez.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JRJimenez.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Claudio Elias, Jmfd, Soerfm, 2 anonymous edits

File:Albert Camus, gagnant de prix Nobel, portrait en buste, pos au bureau, faisant face gauche, cigarette de tabagisme.jpg Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Albert_Camus,_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel,_portrait_en_buste,_pos_au_bureau,_faisant_face__gauche,_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg License: PublicDomain Contributors: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection, see http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/130_nyw.html, where the New York World-Telegram andSun Newspaper Photograph Collection considers all of its photographs public domain

File:Boris Pasternak cropped.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Boris_Pasternak_cropped.jpg License: anonymous-EU Contributors: Joao Xavier, Mariluna, TheDeceiver

File:Andric Ivo.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andric_Ivo.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Courtesy of Information Service, Yugoslavia

File:JohnSteinbeck crop.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JohnSteinbeck_crop.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: JohnSteinbeck.JPG: US Governmentderivative work: Homonihilis (talk)

File:Jean-Paul Sartre FP.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jean-Paul_Sartre_FP.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: unknow

File:Sholokhov-1938.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sholokhov-1938.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alex Bakharev, INeverCry, JukoFF

File:Agnon.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agnon.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Aviados, Penarc, Talmoryair, Yonatanh

File:MiguelAngelAsturias.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MiguelAngelAsturias.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Athenchen, Claudio Elias, 3anonymous edits

File:Yasunari Kawabata 1938.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Yasunari_Kawabata_1938.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Unknown

File:Samuel Beckett 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Samuel_Beckett_01.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Aka, Bohme, Claudio Elias, Homonihilis

File:A solzhenitsin1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_solzhenitsin1.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: A_solzhenitsin.JPG:Evstafiev derivative work: Pessimist2006 (talk)

File:Pablo Neruda.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pablo_Neruda.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Revista argentina Siete das ilustrados

File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F062164-0004, Bonn, Heinrich Bll.jpg Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004,_Bonn,_Heinrich_Bll.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 GermanyContributors: A1B2C3D4, YMS

File:Patrick White 1973.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Patrick_White_1973.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:HappyWaldo, Materialscientist

File:Saul Bellow, 1990.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Saul_Bellow,_1990.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: MDCarchives

File:Vicentealeixandre.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Vicentealeixandre.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Aleposta, Mormegil, 3 anonymous edits

File:Isaac Bashevis Singer crop.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Isaac_Bashevis_Singer_crop.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0Contributors: MDCarchives; cropped by Beyond My Ken (talk) 07:30, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

File:Elytis, Odysseas (1911-1996).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Elytis,_Odysseas_(1911-1996).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors:Jorge-11

File:Czeslaw Milosz, 1986.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Czeslaw_Milosz,_1986.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:MDCarchives

File:Elias Canetti 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Elias_Canetti_2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Materialscientist

File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gabriel_Garcia_Marquez.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors:Jose Lara

File:William Golding 1983.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:William_Golding_1983.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:

MaterialscientistFile:Jaroslav Seifert grave at Kralupy nad Vltavou cemetery CZ 0008.jpg Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jaroslav_Seifert_grave_at_Kralupy_nad_Vltavou_cemetery_CZ_0008.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Miaow Miaow

File:Soyinka, Wole (1934).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Soyinka,_Wole_(1934).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: ChidiAnthony Opara

File:Josef Brodsky crop.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Josef_Brodsky_crop.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Josef_Brodsky.jpg: Unidentified (Michiganensianis the University of Michigan yearbook published by University of Michigan) derivative work: Materialscientist

File:Necip Mahfuz.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Necip_Mahfuz.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Photo byMisr2009Edited by .dsm.

File:Portrait Cela.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Portrait_Cela.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Rashka

File:Paz0.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Paz0.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Balbo, Editor at Large, Ephraim33, Foroa, Pintorpereza, Thelmadatter, 2anonymous edits

File:Nadine Gordimer 01.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Boberger. Photo:Bengt Oberger

File:Derek Walcott.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Derek_Walcott.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: BertNienhuis

File:Toni Morrison 2008-2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Toni_Morrison_2008-2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors:

derivative work: Entheta (talk) Toni_Morrison_2008.jpg: Angela Radulescu

File:Oe Kenzaburo 1-2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Oe_Kenzaburo_1-2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Hpschaefer

File:Seamus Heaney 2004.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Seamus_Heaney_2004.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 UnportedContributors: Mariusz Kubik, http://www.mariuszkubik.pl

File:Szymborska(closeup).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Szymborska(closeup).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Originalimage by Micha Kobyliski

File:Dario Fo-Cesena.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dario_Fo-Cesena.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Daniele Medri from Cesena,Italia

File:JSJoseSaramago.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JSJoseSaramago.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Aurola, Danmichaelo, Roxanna

File:Grass.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Grass.JPG License: GNU Free Documenta

Documents

List of Nobel Laureates in Literature (1) en Wikipedia Org