List of International Nonproprietary, United States Adopted, and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics

International nonproprietary name

Acetarsol

Albendazole

Amidantel

United States adopted name

Albendazole

Trade names

Cestarsol, Nemoral, Nemural, Tenoban

Valbacen, Valbazen, Zentel

Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate - Alcopar, Alcopara, Frantin

Bithionol

Bitoscanate

Bromoxanide

Brotianide

Bunamidine

Cambendazole

Ciclobendazole

Clioxanide

Closantel

Coumafos

Dichlorophen

Dichlororphenol + bithionol

Dichlorvos

Diethylcarbamazine

Difetarsone

Dithiazanine iodide

Erythromycine ( = carbomycin)

Febantel

Febantel + trichlorfon

Fenbendazole

Bithionolate sodium Actamer, Bitin, Lorothidol

Jonit

Bromoxanide

Bunamidine hydrochloride

Cambendazole

Ciclobendazole

Clioxanide

Closantel

Ruban, Scolaban

Bonlam, Camben, Camdan, Equiben, Nemi­nil, Porcam 5%

Tremerad

Flukiver, Seponver

Asuntol, Baymix, Co-Ral, Meldane, Muscavox

Antiphen, Dicestal, Didroxone, Diphenthane-70, Parabis, Teniathane, Teniatol, Ver­miplex

Trematol

Atgard, Dichlorman, Equigard, Equigel, Task, Tenac

Caricide, Dirocide, Hetrazan

Bemarsal

Abminthic, Delvex, Deselmine, Dizan, Pankil­ler, Telmid

Erythromycin estolate Magnamycin

Febantel Rintal

Fenbendazole

Rintal-plus

Axilur, Panacur

656 List of International Nonproprietary and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics

(continued)

International nonproprietary name

Fenc1ofos

Flubendazole

Fospirate

Haloxon

Hexachlorophene

Ivermectin

Levamisole

Mebendazole

Mebendazole + metrifonate

Metyridine

Metrifonate (trichlorfon)

Morantel

Naftalofos

Nic1ofolan

Nic10samide

Nitrodan

Nitroscanate

Nitroxynil

Oxante1 Oxantel + pyrantel

Oxfendazole

United States adopted name

Ronnel

Flubendazole

Fospirate

Ivermectin

Levamisole hydrochloride

Mebendazole

Morantel tartrate

Nic10samide

Nitrodan

Nitroscanate

Oxante1 pamoate

Oxfendazole

Trade names

Dermaphos, Ectoral, Etrolene, Ronnel, Trc lene

Flubenol, Flumoxal, Flutelmium, Fluverma

Torelle

Cavoxon, Equivurm, Eustidil, Galloxon 77' Halox, Helmiren, Loxon, Verloxon

Bilevon, Distocid, Distodin, Distophen, Fasciobitin, Fasciophene

Ivomec, Eqvalan

Anthe1por, Anthesol, Ascaridil, Ascaryl, Aviverm, Aviversol, Citarin-L, Concurat­Decaris, Decaris vet, Ergamisol, Getevern L, Istamicide, Ketrax, Levipor, Levoriper col, L-Narpenol, L-Ripercol, L-SpartakOl L-Tramisol, Nemaphenine, Nemicanisol, Nemicide, Nemisol, Nilverm, Nilzan, Pa­gliderm, Paglisol, Pig wormer, Riporon, Solaskil, Stimamizol, Tramisol, Tramizan Vermisol, Wormex

Antiox, Equiverm-plus, Fugacar, Gammax, Lomper, Mebatreat, Mebenav, Mebenvet, Muitispec, Nemasole, Noverme, Ovite1mil Pantelmin, Parmeben, Telmin, Te1min-KI­Telmin RTL, Te1mintic, Vermox, Vermox vet, Verpanil

Trichlorfon-Telmin

Deke1min, Mintic, Promintic

Bilarcil, Combot, Dipterex, Ditrifon, Dylox, Dyrex, Foschlor, Neguvon, Tugon

Banminth II, Bovhelm, Expar, Glylox, Ibantic, Nemante1, Ovithelm, Paratect

Amdax, Maretin, Rametin

Bilevon, Dertil, Distolon

Cestocid, Devermin, Lintex, Mansonil, Phe­nasal, Radeverm, Sagimid, Tredemine, Vermitin, Yomesan

Everfree

Lopatol

Dovenix, Trodax

Polbantrin, Quantrel

Synanthic, Systamex

List of International Nonproprietary and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics 657

continued)

lnternational lonproprietary name

)xibendazole

)xibendazole + dichlorvos

Dxibendazole + niclosamide

Dxyclozanide

Oxytetracyline

Parbendazole

Paromomycin

Phenothiazine

Piperazine

Praziquantel

Promethazine

Pyrantel

Pyrantel + oxantel

Pyrvinium

Rafoxanide

Resorantel

Spiramycin

Stilbazium iodide

Tetramisole

Tetramisole + niclosamide

Thenium closylate + piperazine

Tiabendazole

United States adopted name

Oxibendazole

Parbendazole

Praziquantel

Pyrantel pamoate

Pyrantel tartrate

Rafoxanide

Spiramycin

Stilbazium iodide

Tetramisole-hydrochloride

Thiabendazole

Trade names

AM 313, Bovinol, Equiminthe, Loditac, Neplon 100

Equiminthe-plus

Polyverkan

Diplin, Metiljin, Zanil

Terramycin

Helmatax, Verminum, Wormguard

Gabbromycin, Gabbroral, Humagel, Huma-tin

Contaverm, Coopazine, Helmitina, Pheno­bent, Phenovis

Adipate: Antivermin, Ascatrix, Coopane, Entacyl,

Mapiprin, Pipadox, Piperfesa, Pipradin Citrate: Antelmin, Bryrel, Moncasan, Piperasol, Pi-

prelix, Safersol Phosphate: Candizine, Piperazate Sebacate: Nematorazine

Biltricide, Cesol, Droncit

Phenergan

Antiminth, Combantrin, Strongig P

Banminth, Exhelm, Pyrequan, Strongid

Canex plus

Pamoate: Vanquin, Povan

Flukanide, Ranide

Terenol

Rovamycin

Monopar

Anthelvet, Aviverm, Aviversol, Deltram, Imena, Nemicide, Nilverm, Nilzan, Pig wormer, Ripercol, Strongophenine, Vade­phen, Vermium

Aritene, Stromiten

Ancaris, Canopar

Bovizole, Coglazol, Equizole, Mintizol, Om­nizole, Thibenzole

658 List of International Nonproprietary and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics

(continued)

International nonproprietary name

Tiabendazole + piperazine

Ticarbodine

Tioxidazole

Uredofos

Vincofos

United States adopted name

Ticarbodine

Tioxidazole

Uredofos

Vincofos

Trade names

Equizole A

Sansalid

SUbject Index

Acanthogobius Heterophyes heterophyes 45

Acetylcholine 131, 132 pyrantel 165

Acetylcholinesterase 146 pyrantel 165

Adleriella minutissima hosts 527 locality 527

Alaria alata 528 hosts 527 locality 527

Alariasis 528 Albendazole 4,454,535,591,598

abomasal fluid 126 Ancylostoma canium 202 Ancylostoma duodenale 202-204 Ascaris 478 Ascaris lumbricoides 257,258 Ascaris suum 202 assessment 202,257,353 Bunostomum 414-417 cambendazole-resistant H. contortus

strain 426 Chabertia 15, 417, 427 contraindications 204,258,284,319,

354 Cooperia 414-417,427 cost 641 dosage 204, 258, 354, 446 Draschia megastoma 445 efficacy 593,641 embryotoxic effect 408 formulations 419,446 Gaigeria 415,417,427 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 414-417 hookworms 202, 203 Hymenolepis nana 202 length of treatment 641 male reproduction 427 mass treatment 258, 640, 641 membrane resistance 127 Mesocestoides 593

microtubules 127 mode of action 127 mode of administration 204, 258, 354 Moniezia 593 Necator americanus 202-204 Nematodirus 414-417,427 Nematospiroides dub ius 127 Oesophagostomum 414-417,427,478 Ostertagia 414-417 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 Oxyuris 455 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Paragonimus kellicotti 202 paramphistomes 523 Parascaris 455 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 125, 126 plasma levels 125 precautions 204,258,284,319,354 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 resistance 413,426,427 ruminal fluid 126 sheep 126, 127 side effects 204,258,284,319,354,641 skeletal abnormalities 127 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 414-417,426,455 Strongyloides stercoralis 318, 319 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419, 446 Syphacia obvelata 202 Taenia pisiformis 202 Taenia saginata 593 Thysanosoma actinioides 593 toxicity 593 toxicology 127 Toxocara 499

660

Albendazole Toxocara canis 202 trade name 446, 655 Trichostrongylus 414--417,427 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 478 Trichuris trichiura 204, 353 Trichuris vulpis 202 urine 126

Albendazole sulfone 126 Albendazole sulfoxide 126 Alkaline phosphatases 147 Alkaloids 491 Amidantel 128

Ancylostoma caninum 204 Ascaris lumbricoides 204, 258 dosage 205 ' mode of administration 205 Necator americanus 204 side effects 205 Strongyloides stercoralis 204 teratogenic effects 129 toxicology 129 Toxocara canis 204 Uncinaria stenocephala 204

Amidostomum 506, 508 Amidostomum anseris

cambendazole 513 disophenol 512 fenbendazole 514 levamisole 516 mebendazole 513 pyrantel 515 trichlorphon 512

Amidostonum anseris geese 505

Amines 470 y-aminobutyric acid

Angiostrongylus cantonensis 130 Ascaris suum 130 Caenorhabditis elegans 131 ivermectin 131 picrotoxin 131

Amminosidin sulphate 595 Amoebiasis

prevalence 632 Amoebotaenia sphenoides

birds 575, 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 fowl 598 niclosamide 598 turkey 598

Amoscanate Ancylostoma duodenale 205 assessment 205 contraindications 207

dosage 206 feces 128 filariae 127 hookworms 205 mode of action 128

Subject Index

mode of administration 206 mutagenic activity 128 Necator americanus 205 pharmacokinetics 127 precautions 207 Schistosoma mansoni 206 schistosomes 127 side effects 206 toxicology 128 urine 128

Amphibians intermediate host 559

Amphostomiasis clioxanide 533

Anacardium occidentale 196 Ancylostoma

piperazine 491 Ancylostoma braziliense 191,487-489

disophenol 139 tiabendazole 496

Ancylostoma caninum 488, 489, 495 albendazole 499 amidantel 204 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207 congenital infections 29 disophenol 139 dogs 29.30 immunization 30 ivermectin 500 metyridine 493 nitrodan 493 nitroscanate 587 praziquantel 164 pyrantel pamoate 225 thenium 493 tiabendazole 496

Ancylostoma canium albendazole 202

Ancylostoma duodenale 26, 186, 202, 224 adult worms 191 albendazole 203, 204 amidantel 204 amoscanate 205 anemia 30, 31, 191, 193 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 208,

631 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and

tetrachloroethylene 232 bitoscanate 209,210 blood loss 31 cachexia montana 31

Subject Index

clinical manifestations 30 colostrum 85, 635 control 31 coproculture 193 development 191 egg-output 191, 193 eggs 28,191 epidemiology 28, 29 flubendazole 214 geographical distribution 27, 193 host 191 hypobiosis 191 immunization 30 infective larvae 635 intensity of infections 30 iron 30,31 iron deficiency 191, 193 L3 infective larvae 191 larvae 3 levamisole 216,217 life cycle 27 life span 29, 191 mass therapy 220 mebendazole 220,221 morphology 27 prevalence 27 pyrantel pamoate 225 tetrachloroethylene 198 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 tunnel anemia 29, 31

Ancylostoma malayanum 191 Ancylostoma tubaeforme

nitroscanate 588 Ancylostomiasis 191,207,223,228,487

'prevalence 194,632 Rockefeller control campaign 633

Anemia 189, 191 Ancylostoma duodenale 30, 31 Diphylobothrium latum 49 folic-acid deficiency 3 iron 30 Necator americanus 30 vitamin B12 49

Angiostrongyliasis 12,298 Angiostrongylus

see M orerastrongylus andersoni see M orerastrongylus costaricensis

Angiostrongylus cantonensis 2, 298 acetylcholine 131 y-aminobutyric acid 130 avermectin B1a 299 ivermectin 130 levamisole 299 N-methylcytisine 131 niclosamide 155 paralysis 130

picrotoxin 131 praziquantel 164 tiabendazole 299

Angiostrongylus costaricencis 296 adults 297 clinical symptoms 11, 12 definitive hosts 11 diagnosis 297 eggs 11,297 epidemiology 12 geographical distribution 11,298 host 297 infection rate 12 intermediate host 11 L1 larvae 297 life cycle 11 morphology 11 prevalence 12,298 reservoir hosts 297 tiabendazole 298 transmission 2

Angiostrongylus malaysiensis flubendazole 299 mebendazole 299

Anisakiasis 295 Anisakis 14 control 14 geographical distribution 13 herring worm disease 12 prevention 14, 240 Teranova 14 treatment 240

Anisakis 14 anisakiasis 12 clinical manifestations 238 diagnosis 239 eggs 13 epidemiology 13 first intermediate hosts 13 geographical distribution 12, 239 host 237 intermediate hosts 237 life cycle 13 marina 12 morphology 13, 237 prevalence 239 second intermediate hosts 13 second-stage larva 13 transmission 2

Anisakis marina 236 Anisakis physeteris

anisakiasis 12 geographical distribution 12

Anisus sarasinorum 550 Anoplocephala

fenbendazole 592

661

662

Anoplocephala horses 598 mebendazole 598 niclosamide 598

Anoplocephala magna cambendazole 591 horses 572 oxfendazole 591

Anoplocephala perfoliata horses 572 mebendazole 594 oxfendazole 591

Anoplocephalidae 571 Anserines 530 Anthelmintics

herbal preparations 125 herd deworming 469 international nonproprietary name

655-658 toxicity 408 trade names 655--658 United States adopted name 655-657

Anthephane Fasciolopsis huski 543

Antibiotics 197,251,282, 595 Apatemon gracilis

ducks 530 hosts 530 pigeons 530

Apophallus donicum hosts 527 locality 527

Arecoline 125, 577 tapeworm infections 557

Arecoline acetarsol chemistry 580 Dipylidium caninum 580 Echinococcus granulosus 580 efficacy 580 mode of action 580 Taenia 580 toxicity 580

Arecoline carboxyphenylstibonate Dipylidium caninum 580 Taenia 580

Arecoline hydro bromide antidote 579 diagnostic agent 579 Dipylidium caninum 577 Echinococcus granulosus 577 efficacy 577 mode of action 578 pharmacodynamics 578 Taenia ovis 577 toxicity 578

Arrested larval development acqired immunity 84

Cooperia 79 Haemonchus 79

Subject Index

Haemonchus contortus 82,83 nematodes 84 Nematodiurs spp. 79 Ostertagia 79 Ostertagia ostertagi 80-83, 142 Toxocara spp. 79 Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 80 Trichostrongylus spp. 79

Arsenic compounds 491, 613 Artemisia 250 Artyfechinostomum

hosts 527 locality 527 malayanum 527 munchii 527

Artyfechinostomum malayanum pigs 526

Arylesterases dichlorvos 153 metrifonate 153

Ascariasis 14, 16,240,465 absorption of fat 18 aminoacid absorption 18 carbohydrates 18 clinical manifestations 18 control 19, 20 diagnosis 19, 247 economic implications 19 health education 21 impairement of nutrition 18 improvement of the hygienic standards

21 levamisole 4, 19 malnutrition 19 mass chemotherapy 19, 21 mebendazole 4 pathology 243 prevalence 20, 632 prevention 19,20 pyrantel 5 pyrantel pamoate 4 vitamin A 18 xerophthalmia 18

Ascaridia 505 adults 507-509 cambendazole 507 coumafos 507,511 developing larvae 507-509 febantel 507 fenbendazole 507,509,514 haloxon 507, 509 ivermectin 507 levamisole 507-509 mebendazole 507,513

Subject Index

metyridine 507-509 parbendazole 508 phenothiazine 507, 510 piperazine 507, 508 pyrantel 507 tiabendazole 507,509

Ascaridia columbae fenbendazole 514 pigeons 505 tiabendazole 512

Ascaridia dissimilis levamisole 516 parbendazole 512 piperazine 510 turkeys 505

Ascaridia galli bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 cambendazole 513 chickens 505,510 febantel 516 fenbendazole 514 ivermectin 517 levamisole 515 mebendazole 513 metyridine 510 piperazine 510 pyrantel 515 tiabendazole 512

Ascaridol 197, 250 Fasciolopsis buski 543

Ascarids 495 dichlorvos 494, 498 diethylcarbamazine 497 dithiazanine iodide 497 fenbendazole 498 levamisole 498 mebendazole 498 methylbenzene + dichlorophene 497 nitrodan 497 nitroscanate 498 piperazine 497 pyrantel pamoate 498 pyrantel + oxantel 498 thenium closylate + piperazine 497 ticarbodine 500

Ascaris 189,646 albendazole 478 cadmiums 471 cambendazole 476 eggs 2 febantel 478, 479 fenbendazole 477 flubendazole 215,478 hygromycin B 471 incidence 464 ivermectin 479

levamisole 474 mass therapy 220 mebendazole 225,477 morantel 474 oxantel 474 oxfendazole 477 oxibendazole 478 parbendazole 476 pathogenicity 633 piperazine 631 pyrantel 474 pyrantel pamoate 225 sodium fluoride 471 thiophanate 479 tiabendazole 475 transmission 2

663

Ascaris lumbricoides 252, 254, 270, 342, 344 albendazole 257, 258 amidantel 204, 258 ascaridol 250 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 258 cambendazole 260 chemotherapy 18, 19 Chenopodium ambrosioides 250 choline kinase 161 ciclobendazole 260 combination of oxantel and pyrantel 5 control 19,20 Dichlorvos 252 ectopic migrations 246 egg-output 5, 18, 242 eggs 3,15-17,19,21,241,242 environmental sanitation 20 epidemiology 16, 40 fenbendazole 261 first-stage rhabditoid larvae 241 flubendazole 262 flubendazole and levamisole 276 flubendazole and tinidazole 276 fourth-stage larvae 241 geographical distribution 14,247 host 242 hygromycin B 251 hypersensitivity reactions 244 immunity reactions 245 immunological processes 16 intensity of infections 18 intestinal obstruction 3 kainic acid 250 L2 larvae 241 larvae 244 levamisole 19,264 levamisole and mebendazole 276 life cycle 15 mass treatment 256,258,260,261,264,

267,272,276

664

Ascaris lumhricoides mebendazole 267 mebendazole and pyrantel 276 Metrifonate 252 migration 3 morphology 15 parasite 240 phenothiazine 251 phopholipase 161 piperazine 161,253,256 piperazine and pyrvinium 276 piperazine and tiabendazole 277 prevalences 14, 15, 17, 18,21,29,248 pyrantel and oxantel 272, 273 pyrantel pamoate 272 pyrethrines 250 Semen contra 250 stilbazium iodide 251 symptoms 245 tiabendazole 274 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 transmission 16-18,40

Ascaris suum adults 464 albendazole 202 y-aminobutyric acid 130,131 ATP synthesis 137,138 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 cambendazole 472 cholinesterase 153 closantel 137 diagnosis 247 dichlorophen 138 dichlorvos 472 disophenol 139 ectopic migrations 246 egg output 242 eggs 241,242 febantel 472 fenbendazole 143,472 first-stage rhabditoid larvae 241 flubendazole 472 fumarate reductase 148 haloxon 472, 473 histamine 132 human infections 18 hypersensitivity reactions 244 immunity reactions 245 ivermectin 131 L2 larvae 241 larvae 244, 464 levamisole 472 mebendazole 149,151,170,472 metrifonate 153,200 microtubules 143 mitochondria 138-140, 155 mitochondrial phosphorylation 137

Subject Index

niclosamide 155 organophosphorous compounds 252 oxfendazole 472 oxibendazole 472 paralysis 132, 148 parbendazole 472 32Pi_ATP exchange 155 picrotoxin 131 piperazine 161,472 prepatent period 469 pyrantel 472 symptoms 245 tiabendazole 472 treatment frequency 469 trichlorfon 471,472 tubulin 151

Ascaris suum tissues mebendazole 149, 150

Ascarops strongylina 467 trichlorfon 471

Ascocotyle sp. hosts 527 locality 527

Aspiculuris tetraptera mebendazole 170 tiabendazole 170

Aspidium 613 A TP synthesis

Ascaris suum 139, 155 bithionol 133 cambendazole 135 closantel 137 dichlorophen 138 disophenol 139 Hymenolepis diminuta 155 liver 139 mebendazole 151 Moniezia expansa 151 niclosamide 155

ATPase closantel 137 2,4-dinitrophenol 128 Disophenol 140 Fasciola hepatica 137 liver 140 oligomycin 128

Atropine 494, 579 A vermectin B 1a

Angiostrongylus cantonensis 299 Avermectins 197,432,455,470,479,500,

517 inorganic and metallorganic

compounds 125 Streptomyces avermitilis 129

Avitellina 573 albendazole 598

Subject Index

bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cambendazole 598 cattle 598 fenbendazole 598 niclosamide 583, 598 oxfendazole 598 praziquantel 598 ruminants 572 sheep 598

Avitellina centripunctata axenomycins 595

Axenomycins 595

Basic bismuth carbonate Strongyloides stercoralis 315

Beef anthelrnintics 113 control strategies 113

Beef measles 569 Benzimidazole carbamates 452,470, 476,

496 albendazole 127 ciclobendazole 135 fenbendazole 141 flubendazole 143 mebendazole 148 methylthiophanate 170 microtubules 127 nocodazole 170 oxfendazole 156 oxibendazole 127, 157 parbendazole 158

2-Benzimidazole carbamic acid methyl ester 171

Benzimidazoles 421,452,470,475,496, 512,590 ovicidal effect 412

Benzoylmetacresol Enterobius vermicularis 282

Bephenium 409,419,493 Bunostomum 414,415 Chabertia 15 Cooperia 414,415 cost 641 efficacy 641 fasciolopiasis 525 Fasciolopsis buski 525 Gaigeria 415 Haemonchus 414,415 length of treatment 641 mass treatment 640, 641 Nematodirus 413-415 Oesophagostomum 414,415 Ostertagia 414,415 side effects 641 Strongyloides 414,415

Trichostrongylus 414, 415 Bephenium hydrochloride

Fasciolopsis buski 543 Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 131

Ancylostoma caninum 207 Ancylostoma duodenale 208, 631 Ascaridia galli 132 Ascaris lumbricoides 258, 260 Ascaris suum 132 assessment 207, 258, 315 contraindications 209,315 dosage 208,259,315 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 histamine 132 hookworms 207 individual treatment 209 mass treatment 209,260 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 mode of action 132

665

mode of administration 208, 259, 315 Necator americanus 207,208 Nematospiroides dubius 207 paralysis 132 periodic deworming 631 pharmacokinetics 132 precautions 209,315 side effects 209,259,315 Strongyloides stercoralis 315 Ternidens deminutus 329 toxicology 132 trade name 655 Trichostrongylus 340 Trichuris trichiura 354 urine 132

Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and tetrachloroethylene Ancylostoma duodenale 232 Necator americanus 232

Betanaphthol Fasciolopsis buski 543 Trichinella spiralis 333

Betel nut Fasciolopsis buski 543

Birds 598 Amoebotaenia sphenoides 575 Choanotaenia infundibulum 575 gastrointestinal nematodiasis 505 Hymenolepis 576 intermediate host 559 intestinal trematodes 521, 529 Metroliasthes lucida 575

Bithionol 140 A TP synthesis 133 cestodes 597 Cotylophoron cotylophorum 532 Echinostoma cinetorchis 550

666

Bithiono1 echinostomes 526 echinostomiasis 550 Eurytrema 533 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 532 Gastrothylax crumenifer 532 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 intestinal capillariasis 550 Liorchis scotiae 532 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 mode of action l33 Paragonimus westermani l33 paramphistomes 523-525, 532 Pharamphistomum microbothrium 532 toxicology l32 trade name 655

Bithiono1 su1phoxide 535 Eurytrema 533 paramphistomes 524

Bithynia ganiomyphalus 552 Bitoscanate 329

Ancylostoma duodenale 209,2lO assessment 2lO contraindications 212 dosage 212 hookworms 209,212 individual therapy 212 masS 'treatment 212 mode of administration 212 Necator americanus 209,2lO pharmacokinetics l33 precautions 212 side effects 212 toxicology 133 trade name 655 Trichostrongylus 340

Bodenheimer formula 241 Brachylaemus commutatus

galliformes 530 hosts 530 pigeons 530

Brachylaemus suis pigs 526

Brachythemis contaminata 553 Brain

mebendazole 151 tubulin 143,151,170

Bromelain Trichuris trichiura 347

1-bromo-naphto1 Fasciolopsis buski 543

Bromo-p-naphtho1 contraindications 348 dosage 348 hookworms 197, 198 mode of administration 348 Necator americanus 198

precautions 348 side effects 348 Trichuris trichiura 348

Bromophenophos 140 Bromoxanide

Bunostomum 415 Chabertia 415 Cooperia 415 Fasciola hepatica l33 formulations 419 Gaigeria 415

Subject Index

Haemonchus 415,428 Haemonchus contortus l33 Nematodirus 415 Oesophagostomum 415 Ostertagia 415 product names 419 Strongyloides 415 suppliers 419 Trichostrongylus 415

Brotianide 134 Echinostoma caproni 533 echinostomiasis 528 paramphistomes 523, 533

Bunamidine 125, 584, 598 llunamidine hydrochloride

chemistry 584 Dipyllidium caninum 585 Echinococcus granulosus 584, 585 Echinococcus multilocularis 585 efficacy 584 fumarate-reductase 586 Hymenolepis diminuta 586 Hymenolepis nana 586 mode of action 586 pharmacodynamics 586 Spirometra mansonoides 585 Taenia hydatigena 585 Taenia multiceps 585 Taenia pisiformis 585 Taenia taeniae/ormis 585 toxicity 586 trade name 655

Bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 Amoebotaenia sphenoides 587 chemistry 586 Echinococcus granulosus 587 efficacy 587 Moniezia expansa 587 Raillietina 587 Taenia pisiformis 587 toxicity 587

Bunostomum a1bendazole 414-417,426 bephenium 414,415 bromoxanide 415

Subject Index

clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 coumafos 414 disophenol 415 febantel 414-416,432 fenbantel 417 fenbendazole 414-417,423 fenclofos 414,415 haloxon 414,415 ivermectin 414-417 levamisole 414-417,430 mebendazole 415 metyridine 414,415 morantel 414,415,417,429 naftalofos 414,415 nitroxynil 414,415,417 oxfendazole 414-417,425,426 oxibendazole 414-417,424 parbendazole 414-417 phenothiazine 14,413,415 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 rafoxanide 414-416,427 thiophanate 414-417 tiabendazole 414, 415 trichlorphon 414, 415

Bunostomum phlebotomum mebendazole 220 nitroxynil 420 parbendazole 422 tiabendazole 421

Cadmium ascaris 471

Caenorhabditis elegans ivermectin 130 levamisole 131 paralysis 130

Calicophoron calicophorum 522 niclofolan 533

Calomel 491 Cambendazole 320, 598

Amidostomum anseris 513 Anoplocephala magna 591 Ascaridia 507 Ascaridia galli 513 Ascaris 476 Ascaris lumbricoides 260 Ascaris suum 472 assessment 260 ATP synthesis 135 Capillaria 507 Capillaria obsignata 513 chickens 513 dosage 446,470 Draschia 452 Draschia megastoma 445

drug resistance 412 efficacy 591 embryotoxic effect 408, 422 formulation 446, 470, 509 fumarate reductase 135 geese 513 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus contortus 170 Heterakis 507 Heterakis gallinarum 513 Hyostrongylus 476 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 lactate production 135 membrane resistance 127 microtubules 135 mode of action 134 Moniezia expansa 134,135,591 Oesophagostomum 472,476 oxibendazole 127 Oxyuris 452 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 452 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 134 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

135 Probstmayra vivipara 445, 452 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 452, 476 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides stercoralis 319 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 446,470,509 Taenia crassiceps 591 Taenia hydatigena 591 Thysanosoma 591 toxicity 134,408, 422, 591 trade name 446, 470, 509, 655 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichostrongylus 452 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris suis 472

Cambendazole, mebendazole, and tinidazole side effects 328 Strongyloides stercoralis 328

Cambendazole and mebendazole Strongyloides stercoralis 327

Capillaria 506 adults 507-509

667

668

Capillaria cambendazole 507 coumafos 507,511 developing larvae 507-509 febantel 507 fenbendazole 507,509,514 haloxon 507, 509, 511 ivermectin 507 levamisole 507-509,516 mebendazole 507,513 metyridine 507-509 parbendazole 422, 508 phenothiazine 507,510 piperazine 507, 508 pyrantel 507 tiabendazole 507, 509

Capillaria anatis metyridine 511

Capillaria contorta 506 Capillaria obsignata 506

cambendazole 513 Heterakis gallinarum 512 ivermectin 517 levamisole 515, 516 mebendazole 513 metyridine 510,511 pyrantel 515 tiabendazole 512

Capillaria philippinensis 21, 633 autoinfections 22 chemotherapy 4 clinical manifestations 300 control 23 diagnosis 301 dithiazanine iodide 301 eggs 22,299 epidemiology 22 flubendazole 301 geographical distribution 22,23,301 host 22,300 intermediate host 22 levamisole 301 life cycle 22, 299 mebendazole 4,301,302 morphology 22 prevalence 301 pyrantel pamoate 303 tiabendazole 301,303 transmission 2

Capillaria putorii 488 Capillariasis 23 Carassius carassius 548 Carbomycin

Enterobius vermicularis 282 Carbon tetrachloride 531

echinostomiasis 528, 549 fasciolopiasis 525

Subject Index

Fasciolopsis buski 525, 543 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 hookworms 631 intestinal trematodes 529 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 Nanophyetes salmincolla 528 nanophyetiasis 528 paramphistomes 530 periodic deworming 631 Ternidens deminutus 329

Carmyerius gregarius 522 Carnivores

gastrointestinal nematodiasis 487 Cashew nut oil 196, 491 Catatropis verrucosa

galliformes 530 hosts 530

Cats Diplopylidium spp. 598 Dipylidium caninum 575, 598 dogs 561 gastrointestinal nematodes 487,488,

490,497 intestinal trematodes 527 Joyeuxiel/a 575 Joyeuxiella spp. 598 Spirometra erinacei 561 Spirometra mansonoides 561 Taenia taeniaeformis 598

Cattle 416,418,421,423-429,431,432, 466 Avitellina 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cambendazole 598 fenbendazole 598 gastrointestinal nematodes 116, 414 Helictometra giardi 598 mixed grazing 115, 116 Moniezia 598 oxfendazole 598 Stilesia globipunctata 598 Stilesia hepatica 598 Thysanosoma actinioides 598

CC14 306 Centrocestus

formosanus 545 kurokawai 545

Centrocestus armatus hosts 527 locality 527

Cephalophallus obscurus hosts 527 locality 527

Cerebral cysticercosis 569 praziquantel 5

Subject Index

Cerithidea cingulata Heterophyes heterophyes 45, 548

Cerithiidae 546 Cestode infections

man 5,613,614 prevalence 613

Cestodes 492 bithionol 597 calcareous corpuscles 558 copper sulphate 597 eggs 559 female system 559 ganglia 559 gravid proglottids 559 intermediate host 559 lead arsenate 597 life cycle 559 male reproductive system 559 mepacrine 597 methylbenzene + dichlorophene 497 microtriches 558 musculature 558 neck 558 nervous system 559 oocytes 559 parenchyma 558 praziquantel 536 proglottids 558 resorantel 597 rostellum 558 scolex 558 strobila 558 tegument 558 tegumental syncytium 558 veterinary importance 558

Ceylonocotyle scolioceolium 522 Chabertia 30

albendazole 415,417,426,427 bephenium 415 bromoxanide 415 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 developing larvae 425 disophenol 415 febantel 415,417 fenbendazole 415,417,423 fenclofos 415 haloxon 415 ivermectin 415,417 levamisole 415,417 mebendazole 415 metyridine 415 morantel 415,417,429 naftalofos 415 nitroxynil 415,417 oxfendazole 415,417,425,426

oxibendazole 415,417,424 parbendazole 415,417,422 phenothiazine 413,415 pyrantel 415,417,428 rafoxanide 415 thiophanate 415,417,431 tiabendazole 415 trichlorphon 415

Chabertia ovina tiabendazole 421

Cheetah fenbendazole 499

Chenopodium ambrosioides 197,250 Chenopodium oil 491

hookworms 197 Chickens

Ascaridia galli 505 cambendazole 513 coumafos 511 Davainea proglottina 574 fenbendazole 514 gastrointestinal nematodes 507 haloxon 511 ivermectin 517 mebendazole 513 metyridine 510 phenothiazine 510 pyrantel 515 tiabendazole 512

669

l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane Cotylophoron cotylophorum 532 Fischoederius elongatus 532 Gastrothylax crumenifer 532 Pharamphistomum microbothrium 532

Chlorophos eurytremiasis 524

Choanotaenia di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 581

Choanotaenia infundibulum birds 575, 598 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 fowl 598 niclosamide 583, 598 turkey 598

Choline kinase Ascaris lumbricoides 161 piperazine 161

Cholinesterase Ascaris suum 153 dichlorvos 152, 153,202,494 Metastrongylus apri 153 metrifonate 152, 153,201 organic phosphorus compounds 409 Schistosoma haematobium 153 Schistosoma mansoni 153

Chrysanthenum cinerariaefolium 250

670

Chymotrypsin Trichuris trichiura 347

Ciclobendazole 284 Ascaris lumbricoides 260 assessment 213, 261, 354 benzimidazole carbamates 135 bile 135 clinical use 261 contraindications 261, 355 dosage 261,354 feces 135 hookworms 213 mode of administration 261,354 pharmacokinetics 135 plasma 135 precautions 261,355 side effects 213, 261, 354 toxicology 136 Trichuris trichiura 354 urine 135

Clearance rate 187 Clinostomum falsatum

hosts 527 locality 527

Clioxanide amphostomiasis 533 bunostomum 415,417 chabertia 415,417 cooperia 415,417 formulations 419 gaigeria 415,417 haemonchus 415,417,427 nematodirus 415,417 oesophagostomum 415,417 ostertagia 415,417 paramphistomes 523 product names 419 strongyloides 415, 417 suppliers 419 trade name 655 trichostrongylus 415,417

Clofazole assessment 334 Trichinella spiralis 334

Clonorchis sinensis praziquantel 164, 536

Closantel 167 Ascaris suum 137 ATP synthesis 137 ATPase 137 Bunostomum 415 Chabertia 4, 15 Cooperia 415 Fasciola hepatica 137 formulations 419 Gaigeria 415

Subject Index

Haemonchus 415,428 Haemonchus contortus 138, 407 liver 137 mode of action 137 Nematodirus 415 Oesophagostomum 415 Ostertagia 415 pharmacokinetics 136 plasma 136 product names 419 strongyloides 415 suppliers 419 toxicology 136 trade name 655 trichostrongylus 415,428

Clostridium novyii 568 Cockroaches

Hymenolepis diminuta 51 Coenurus 563

cerebralis 567 praziquantel 624 serialis 567

Coenurus cerebralis Taenia multiceps 570

Coenurus serialis 564 Taenia seriaUs 570

Colostrum Ancylostoma duodenale 85

Combination of oxantel and pyrantel Ascaris lumbricoides 5 Enterobius vermicularis 5 hookworms 5 Trichuris trichiura 5

Concentration methods 247 Contracaecum osculatum 236 Cooperia

albendazole 414-417,426,427 arrested development 79 bephenium 414,415 bromoxanide 415 cattle 98 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 coumafos 414,418 developing larvae 425 disophenol 415 epidemiology 98 febantel 414-417,431 fenbendazole 414-417,423 fenclofos 414,415 haloxon 414,415 inhibited larvae 431 ivermectin 414-417,432 levamisole 414-417 mebendazole 415 metyridine 414,415

Subject Index

morantel 414,415,417,429 naftalofos 414,415,420 nitroxynil 414,415,417,420 oxfendazole 41~17, 425, 426 oxibendazole 41~17, 424 parbendazole 41~17, 421, 422 phenothiazine 14,413,415 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 rafoxanide 41~16 thiophanate 41~17, 431 tiabendazole 414,415,421 trichlorphon 414,415

Cooperia curticei free-living stages 93

Cooperia oncophora 115,421 egg output 108 epidemiology 100 herbage infestations 100 host resistance 75

Cooperia pectinata 85 Cooperia spp.

thiophanate 412 Copper 613 Copper sulphate

cestodes 597 Coproculture

hookworms 188 Strongyloides stercoralis 189

Coprological examinations standardization 185

Corbicula lindoensis 550 Echinostoma 42 Tilapia mozambica 42

Cotugnia cuneata 598 Cotugnia digonopora 574

birds 598 di-n-butyl tin di1aurate 598 fowl 598 niclosarnide 598 turkey 598

Cotylophoron cotylophorum 522 bithionol 532 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane

532 Cotylurus cornutus 530 Coumafos

Ascaridia 507,511 Bunostomum 414 Capillaria 507,511 chickens 511 Cooperia 414,418 formulations 419 Haemonchus 414 Haemonchus placei 418 Haloxon 418 Heterakis 507,511

Nematodirus 414 Oesophagostomum 414,418 Ostertagia 414 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 product names 419 Strongyloides 414 suppliers 419 trade name 655 Trichostrongylus 414,418 Trichuris 418

Coyotes Echinococcus granulosus 571

CR 189 definition 187 formulae 187

Craterostomum 443 Craterostomum acuticaudatum

dichlorvos 450 Creeping eruption 487 Crocothemis servilia 553 Crustacea

intermediate host 559 Cryptocotyle lingua 527 Crystal Violet

Enterobius vermicularis 283 Ctenocephalides 50,51 Ctenocephalides canis

Diphilobothrium latum 50 Hymenolepis diminuta 51

Cure rate 187, 189 Cutaneous larva migrans

chemotherapy 4 Cyathostominae

egg output 44 epidemiology 444 inhibited larvae 447

Cyclophyllidea 562 Cyclops 295, 576, 577

Diphyllobothrium latum 48,561 Gnathostoma 294

Cysticercoids 574 Cysticercosis 620 Cysticercosis cellulosae

clinical manifestations 59 diagnosis 59

Cysticercus 563 bovis 567 cellulosae 59, 567 Coenurus cerebralis 567 Coenurus serialis 567 jasciolaris 567 ovis 567 pisiformis 567 tenuicollis 567

Cysticercus bovis praziquantel 622

671

672

Cysticercus bovis Taenia saginata 55, 569

Cysticercus cellulosae autoinfections 58 epidemiology 58 praziquantel 622, 624 Taenia solium 58, 569

Cysticercus fasciolaris Taenia taeniaeformis 570

Cysticercus ovis 564 Taenia ovis 568

Cysticercus tenuicollis cattle 568 goats 568 pigs 568 sheep 568 Taenia hydatigena 568

Cytochrome P-450 tiabendazole 168

d-tubocurarine 132 Dairy followers

control strategies III gastrointestinal nematodes 111

Davainea birds 598 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 fowl 598 nic10samide 598 turkey 598

Davainea meleagridis turkeys 574

Davainea proglottina birds 598 chickens 574 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 581 nic10samide 598 pigeon 598 praziquantel 590

Davaineidae 573 Deer

Echinococcus granulosus 571 Desaspidin 140 Dexamisole 145, 147 Di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 125, 598

chemistry 581 Choanotaenia 581 Davainea proglottina 581 efficacy 581 Raillietina 581 toxicity 582

Diagnosis 4, 296 Angiostrongylus costaricencis 297 Ascaris lumbricoides 247 Ascaris suum 247 Capillaria philippinensis 301 Diplopylidium 566

Subject Index

Dipylidium caninum 566 Echinococcus granulosus 566 Echinostoma 543 Echinostoma ilocanum 549 Enterobius vermicularis 280 Fasciola hepatica 543 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 gastrointestinal nematodiases 407 heterophydiasis 547 hookworm 192,328 Hypoderaeum conoideum 549 immunological techniques 247 Joyeuxiella 566 lecithodendriidiasis 553 M esocestoides 566 Oesophagostomum 306 radiological examination 247 Strongyloides stercoralis 311 taeniidae 566 Ternidens deminutus 328 Toxoascaris leonina 247 Toxocara canis 247 Toxocara cati 247 Trichinella spiralis 331 Trichostrongylus spp. 328 Trichuris suis 467 Trichuris trichiura 345

Diaptomus 577 Diphyllobothrium latum 48,561

Dibothriocephalus latus 560 Dichlorophen 140,491,492,525,613

Ascaris suum 138 ATP synthesis 138 Dipylidium caninum 581 Echinococcus granulosus 581 Fasciolopsis buski 543 hookworms 581 Hymenolepis diminuta 138 mitochondria 138 mode of action 138 Moniezia 581 roundworms 581 Taenia 581 tapeworm infections 557 Thysanosoma 581 toxicology 138 trade name 655

Dichlorophenol 532 Fasciolopsis buski 533 Liorchis scotiae 533 paramphistomes 533 Paramphistomum ichikawae 533

Dichlorvos 456,471,493 antidote 351 arylesterases 153

Subject Index

ascarids 494, 498 Ascaris lumbricoides 252 Ascaris suum 472 assessment 201,351 cholinesterase 152, 153,202,494 contraindications 202, 351 Craterostomum acuticaudatum 450 dirofilariasis 494 dosage 202, 446, 470, 498 Draschia megastoma 445, 450 formulation 446, 470, 498 Gasterophilus 450 Habronema spp. 445, 450 hookworms 201,494,498 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 indications 498 mode of action 153 mode of administration 202 Oesophagodontus robustus 450 Oesophagostomum 472 Oxyuris 450 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 paramphistomes 525 Parascaris 450 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 152 Physaloptera 494 precautions 202, 351 Probstmayra vivipara 445 side effects 202, 351 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 450 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 446, 470, 498 toxicological safety 494 trade name 446, 470, 498, 655 Trichostrongylus axei 445, 450 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris trichiura 350,351 Trichuris vulpis 494 Triodontophorus spp. 450 whipworms 498

Dicranotaenia niclosamide 583

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi donkey 106 horse 106

Dictyocaulus viviparus 91 Diethylcarbamazine 298,491

ascarids 497 dosage regime 497 formulation 497 heartworm disease 492 hookworm 492 indications 497 supplier 497 tradename 497, 655 Trichinella spiralis 334

673

Difluorotetrachloroethane 523, 531 Pharamphistomum microbothrium 532

Digenea simplex 250 Enterobius vermicularis 282

Dilepididae 574, 575 Dingoes

Echinococcus granulosus 571 2,4-Dinitrophenol 127, 128, 139 Diorchitrema

amplicalcale 545 formossanum 545

Diospyrol 196 Diospyroquinone 196 Diospyros mollis 196 Diphetarsone

Enterobius vermicularis 282 Trichuris trichiura 138, 349, 350

Diphetarsone-spiramycin 294 Diphyllobothriasis 47 Diphyllobothriidae

copepod 560 coracidium 560 eggs 560 genital pore 560 plerocercoid larva 560 scolex 560 vitelline follicles 560

Diphyllobothrium axenomycins 595 corda tum 47 den triticum 47 niclosamide 624 pacificum 47,614,622,624 praziquante1 622, 624 ursi 47

Diphyllobothrium latum 613,614,622,624 anemia 49 biochemistry 560 biology 560 bunamidine 598 clinical manifestations 49 combination of oxantel and pyrantel 5 control 50 coracidium 48, 561 Cyclops 48,561 diagnosis 49 Diaptomus 48,561

674

Diphyllobothrium latum dog 598 eggs 48,49,561 epidemiology 48 final hosts 561 freshwater fish 48, 561 geographical distribution 47, 560 golden hamster 560 immunology 560 intermediate hosts 561 isoelectric focussing 560 life cycle 47 malabsorption 49 morphology 47,560 niclosamide 615 physiology 560 plerocercoid stages 560 praziquantel 5, 588, 598 prevention 50 proglottids 47 protein profiles 560 scolex 561 second intermediate hosts 561 transmission 2 uterus 561 vitamin B12 49,561,615

Diplogonoporus grandis praziquantel 164

Diplopylidium spp. bunamidine 598 cats 598 diagnosis 566 diuredosan 598 dog 598 praziquantel 598

Dipylidium caninum 564,614 arecoline acetarsol 580 arecoline hydrobromide 577 axenomycins 595 bunamidine 585, 598 cats 50, 51, 575, 598 children 576 clinical manifestations 51 Ctenocephalides canis 50 Ctenocephalides felis 50 cysticercoid larvae 50 diagnosis 51, 566 dichlorophen 581 diuredosan 596, 598 dog 598 dogs 50,51,575 domestic animals 575 eggs 50 epidemiology 50 geographical distribution 50 intermediate host 50 life cycle 50

Subject Index

morphology 50 niclosamide 155,583,615,624 nitroscanate 587, 588 oncospheres 50 praziquantel 163,598,622 prevention 51 Pulex irritans 50 SQ 21,704 596 Trichodectes spp. 50 wild carnivores 50

Diredosan chemistry 596 Dipylidium caninum 596 efficacy 596 Mesocestoides corti 596 Taenia 596 Trichuris vulpis 596

Dirofilaria immitis ivermectin 500

Dirofilariasis dichlorvos 494

Disophenol 167 Amidostomum 508 Amidostomum anseris 512 Ancylostoma braziliense 139 Ancylostoma caninum 139 Ascaris suum 139 A TP synthesis 139 ATPase 140 Bunostomum 415 Chabertia 15 Cooperia 415 dosage regime 497 Fasciola hepatica 140 formulation 419,497,509 Gaigeria 415 geese 512 Haemonchus 415,420 Haemonchus contortus 407 hookworm 492, 497 indications 497 liver 140 mode of action 139 Nematodirus 415 Oesophagostomum 415,420 Ostertagia 415 phosphorylase a 139 product names 419 safety index 140 strongyloides 415 supplier 419,497, 509 toxicology 139 tradename 497, 509 trichostrongylus 415,420 Uncinaria stenocephala 139

Dithiazanine 491

Subject Index

hookworm 492 Physaloptera rara 492 Strongyloides 492 Trichinella spiralis 334 whipworms 492

dithiazanine iodide 351 ascarids 497 assessment 352 Capillaria philippinensis 301 contraindications 317, 353 dosage 316,352,497 Fasciolopsis buski 543 formulation 497 hookworms 497 indications 497 mode of administration 316,352 precautions 317 side effects 316,352 Strongyloides stercoralis 315 supplier 497 threadworms 497 trade name 497,655 Trichuris trichiura 351, 352 whipworms 497

Diuredosan 598 Dog 526,528

Diphyllobothrium latum 598 Diplopylidium spp. 598 Dipylidium caninum 575, 598 Echinococcus granulosus 571, 598 Echinococcus multilocularis 598 gastrointestinal nematodes 487, 488,

490,497 intestinal trematodes 527 Joyeuxiella 575 Joyeuxiella spp. 575, 598 Mesocestoides 598 Spirometra 561,598 Taenia 598 Taenia spp. 558

Domestic animals Dipylidium caninum 575 economic effects 71 gastrointestinal helminths 67, 71 market return 71 production 71 production cost 71 taeniidae 567

Domestic birds gastrointestinal nematodes 509 nematodes 505

Domestic ruminants paramphistomes 522

Domesticated carnivores intestinal trematodes 527

Dormant nematode larvae

anthelminthics 3 Dragonflies 553 Draschia

cambendazole 452 febantel 455 fenbendazole 454 mebendazole 453 oxfendazole 454 oxibendazole 454 pyrantel 451 tioxidazole 455

Draschia megastoma 443, 445 Drug administration

coproculture 189 design 189

Drug resistance benzimidazoles 447 cambendazole 412 equine strongyles 447 fenbendazole 412 Haemonchus contortus 412 haloxon 447 ivermectin 447 mebendazole 412 morantel 447 Oesophagostomum circumcincta 412 oxibendazole 447 parbendazole 412 phenothiazine 447 pyrantel 447 small strongyles 447 strongyles 448 tiabendazole 412, 447 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 412 Trichostrongylus spp. 412

Drug trials methodology 188

Ducks 530

Earwigs Hymenolepis diminuta 51

Echinochasmus tetramisole 535

Echinochasmus perfoliatus 528, 548 hosts 527 locality 527 pigs 526

Echinococcosis 487 mebendazole 616

Echinococcus 2,613 bunamidine hydrochloride 585 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 cysts 594 definitive host 565, 567 dog 598 eggs 565

675

676

Echinococcus geographical distribution 567 granulosus 565,567,585,587,589,594,

597,598,614,618,624 hydatid 567 hydatids 614 intermediate host 567 mebendazole 594,618,624 multilocularis 567,585,589,594,598,

618,624 niclosamide 624 nitroscanate 587 pathogenic 565 praziquantel 589,598 scolex 565 type of larval stage 567 vogeli 567,614

Echinococcus granulosus 565, 597 arecoline acetarsol 580 arecoline hydro bromide 577 bunamidine hydrochloride 584 coyotes 571 deer 571 diagnosis 566 dichlorophen 581 dingoes 571 diuredosan 596 dog 571 fenbendazole 592 fospirate 597 herbivores 571 hydatid cyst 570 laboratory host 571 man 571 mebendazole 593,616 niclosamide 582, 583 nitroscanate 588 oxfendazole 591 praziquantel 623 SQ 21,704 596 wallabies 571

Echinococcus granulosus equinus 570 Echinococcus granulosus granulosus 570 Echinococcus multilocularis

mebendazole 149 wild carnivores 571

Echinococcus vogeli intermediate host 571 man 571

Echinoparyphium paraulum pigeons 529

Echinoparyphium sp. hosts 527 locality 527

Echinostoma cercariae 42 cinetorchis 548

Corbicula lindoensis 42 diagnosis 549 ducks 530 eggs 42 epidemiology 42 Fasciolopsis buski 543 galliformes 530 hosts 530 ilocanum 548, 549 life cycle 42 lindoense 548 lindoensis 549 macrochis 548 malayanum 548 metis 548 miracidia 42 paraulum 530 pigeons 530 recurvatum 530, 548 revolutum 548, 549

Echinostoma caproni brotianide 533

Subject Index

flubendazole 528, 535 Heterophyes heterophyes 535

Echinostoma cinetorchis bithionol 550

Echinostoma hortense geographical distribution 41 hosts 527 human infections 41 locality 527 metacercariae 41

Echinostoma ilocanum dogs 41 geographical distribution 41 human infections 41 mebendazole 550 rats 41

Echinostoma lindoense geographical distribution 41 human infections 41 prevalences 42

Echinostoma lindoensis 550 Echinostoma malayanum

geographical distribution 41 hosts 527 human infections 41 locality 527 man 527 pigs 526

Echinostoma melis human infections 41

Echinostoma revolutum human infections 41 pigs 526

Echinostomatidiasis 548

Subject Index

praziquantel 554 Echinostomes

bithionol 526 niclosamide 526 oxyclozanide 526 resorantel 526

Echinostomiasis 41 bithionol 550 brotianide 528 carbon tetrachloride 528, 549 cultural aspects 550 Echinostoma caproni 528 ecological aspects 550 filamon oil 550 flubendazole 528 hexylresorcinol 550 male fern extract 528,550 mebendazole 550 niclosamide 528 oil of chenopodium 549, 550 pigs 525 santonin 550 socioeconomic aspects 550 tetrachloroethylene 549 tetramisole 528

Echinostomids life cycle 549 morphology 549 pathology 549 treatment 549

Economic effects domestic animals 71 gastrointestinal helminths 71 helminthiasis 72

Ectopic migrations Ascaris lumbricoides 246 Ascaris suum 246

Education 647 Eichornia crassipes 544 Elaephora schneideri

American elk 106 mule deer 106 whitetailed 106

Elephants Hawkesius hawksei 529 paramphistomes 529 Pfenderius papillatus 529 Protofasciola robusta 529 Pseudodiscus collinsi 529 rafoxanide 535

Eliorcharis tuberosa 544 Elokomin fluke fever 528 Entamoeba 639 Enterobiasis -23, 253, 277

chemotherapy 4 mebendazole 4

pyrantel pamoate 4 transmission 2

Enterobius vermicularis 189,277,633 adhesive tape technique of Graham

188 albendazole 284 benzoylmetacresol 282 carbohydrate uptake 166 carbomycin 282 ciclobendazole 284 clinical profile 279

677

combination of oxantel and pyrantel 5 contraindications 287 control 25 crystal violet 283 diagnosis 280 Digenea simplex 282 diphetarsone 282 dosage 287 eggs 24 epidemiology 24, 278 erythromycine 282 fenbendazole 284 flubendazole 284, 285 gentian violet 283 geographical distribution 23, 280 host 278 immunology 280 levamisole 267 life cycle 23, 278 mass treatment 287,292 mebendazole 225, 285, 287 mode of administration 287 morphology 23 oil of chenopodium 281 organophosphorous compounds 283 Oxytetracycline 282 paromomycin 282 pathology 279 phenothiazine 251,283 piperazine 288 precautions 287 prevalence 24, 281 prevention 25 promethazine 283 pyrantel pamoate 225, 270, 289, 290 pyrvinium pamoate 166,291 side effects 287 Spiramycin 282 stilbazium iodide 251,283 tiabendazole 292, 293 urethane group 283

EPG 185-188, 190, 192,469 definition 184

Epidemiology 3, 278, 633 Ancylostoma duodenale 28

678

Epidemiology Angiostrongylus costaricensis 12 Anisalds 13 Ascaris lumbricoides 16, 40 Capillaria philippinensis 22 chemotherapy 8 Cooperia oncophora 100 cyathostominae 444 Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 definition 7 Diphilobothrium latum 50 Diphylobothrium latum 48 disease in human populations 7,8 Echinostoma 42 Enterobius vermicularis 24 environmental factors 8 fasciolopsiasis 544 Fasciolopsis buski 43 Gastrodiscoides hominis 44, 552 gastrointestinal helminths 7,67 gastrointestinal nematode infections

98, 101, 106, 108 Gnathostoma spinigerum 26 Haemonchus contortus 104 Heterophyes heterophyes 45 hookworms 34 Hymenolepis diminuta 52 Hymenolepis nona 53 immunological status 8 intensity of the infection 8 mathematical models 8 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Necator americanus 28 Nematodirus battus 104 Ostertagia ostertagi 100, 104 ostertagias type II 99 parasitoses 634 prevalence 8 schistosomiasis 8 seasonal fluctuations 635 sheep 101 strongylidae 444 Strongyloides stercoralis 34, 309 Taenia saginata 55, 58 Taenia solium 58 Trichinella spiralis 36, 330 Trichostrongylus 39 Trichuris trichiura 40, 344

Equids gastrointestinal nematodes 445

Equines intestinal trematodes 524

Eradication 190 ERR

definition 187 formulae 187 standardization 190

Subject Index

Erythromycine Enterobius vermicularis 282

Euparyphium melis 529 hosts 527 locality 527

Euparyphium suinum pigs 526

Euphausia pacifica 237 Eurytrema

bithionol 533 bithionol sulphoxide 533 coelomaticum 524 dajii 524 pancreaticum 524

Eurytrema coelomaticum nitroxynil 534

Eurytremiasis bithionol sulphoxide 524 chemotherapy 524 chlorophos 524 hexachlorethane 524 hexachloroparaxylene 524 nitroxynil 524 tiabendazole 524

Evaluation of anthelminthics for mass application 641

False hookworm infection 34 Fasciola

eggs 42 morphology 42 niclosamide 534 pathogenicity 521

Fasciola gigantica 541 Fasciola hepatica 541

ATP synthesis 137 ATPase 137 bromoxianide 133 closantel 137 diagnosis 543 disophenol 140 eggs 43 fenbendazole 143 fumarate reductase 148, 169 hexachlorophene 140 mitochondria 137 mitochondrial phosphorylation 137,

166 niclosamide 155 oxyclozanide 140 praziquantel 162, 164 rafoxanide 140, 166 serotonin 143 tiabendazole 169

Fascioliasis salicylanilides 532

Subject Index

substituted phenols 532 Fasciolopiasis

pigs 525 Fasciolopsiasis 42, 541, 549

cultural aspects 544 ecological aspects 544 epidemiology 544 pig-raising practicies 544 praziquantel 545, 554 prevalences 43 socioeconomic aspects 544 treatment 551

Fasciolopsis buski animal reservoir 525 anthephane 543 ascaridol 543 bephenium 525 bephenium hydrochloride 543 betanaphthol 543 betel nut 543 l-bromo-naphthol 543 carboJ?- tetrachloride 525, 543 cercanae 43,542 diagnosis 543, 551 dichlorophen 525, 543 dichlorophenol 533 distribution 541 dithiazanine 543 eggs 42,43,542,551 epidemiology 43 geographical distribution 42 hemisphaerula 43 hexylresorcenol 543 hexylresorcinol 525 Hippeutis can tori 43 iodothymol 543 life cycle 43, 542 life span 43 metacercaria 542 metronidazole 543 miracidium 43, 542 morphology 43, 542 nic10samide 525, 534 543 oil of chenopodium 543 oil of terebinthinae 543 pathology 542 pig-raising practices 544 pigs 43 piperazine 525, 543 Polypylis 43 praziquantel 536, 543 prevalence 544 rediae 542 reservoir hosts 43 sporocyst 542 tetrachloroethylene 525,531,543

thymol 543 Trochocorbis trochoideus 43

Febantel Ascaridia 507 Ascaris 478,479 Ascaris suum 472 Bunostomum 414-417,432 Capillaria 507 Chabertia 415,417 Cooperia 414-417,431 dosage 446, 470 Draschia megastoma 445 formulation 419,470,509 Gaigeria 415,417 Globocephalus 479 Habronema 455 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 414-417,431 Heterakis 507 Heterakis gallinarum 516 Heterakis spumosa 141 Hyostrongylus 478 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 microtubules 141 mode of action 141 nematodirus 414-417,432 Oesophagostomum 414-417 431 432

472,478 ' , , Ostertagia 414-417,431 Oxyuris 455 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 455 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 140 pheasants 516 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 resistance 432 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 414-417,432,455,478 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419, 446, 470 toxicology 141 trade name 446,470 509 655 trichostrongylus 414-4d, 431, 455 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 478,479 Trichuris suis 472

679

680

Febantel + trichlorfon dosage 446 formulation(s) 446 supplier(s) 446 trade name(s) 446,655

Fenbendazole 140,410, 506, 591, 598 abomasal concentrations 157 absorption 168 absorption of glucose 143 Amidostommum anseris 514 Amidostomum 508 Ascaridia 507, 509, 514 Ascaridia columbae 514 Ascaridia galli 514 ascarids 498 Ascaris 477 Ascaris lumbricoides 261 Ascaris suum 143,472 assessment 213,262 brain 143 Bunostomum 414-417,423 Capillaria 507,509, 514 Chabertia 415,417,423 cheetah 499 chickens 514 contraindications 284 Cooperia 414-417,423 dosage 262, 446 dosage regime 470, 498 Draschia 454 Draschia megastoma 445 drug resistance 412 efficacy 592 embryotoxic effect 408 excretion 168 Fasciola hepatica 143 feces 141 formulation 419,446,470,498,509 fox 499 Gaigeria 415, 417 gastrointestinal absorption 142 geese 514 Habronema spp. 445, 454 Haemonchus 414-418,423,424 Haemonchus contortus 141 Heterakis 507,514 hookworms 213,498 Hymenolepis diminuta 143 Hyostrongylus 477 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 indications 498 inhibited larvae 412 iron 141 jaguar 499 leopard 499 lion 499 Liorchis scotiae 535

lungworms 408 lynx 499 mebendazole 477 metabolism 142

Subject Index

metabolism of amino acids 143 metabolites 156, 168 microtubules 143 mode of action 143 mode of administration 262 Necator americanus 213 Nematodirus 414-418,423,424 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 141 Oesophagostomum 414-417,423,472,

477 Ostertagia 414-417,423,424 Ostertagia ostertagi 142,412,418, 592 oxfendazole 142 Oxyuris 453 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 panther 499 paramphistomes 523, 535 Parascaris 453 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 141 pheasants 514 pigeons 514 plasma 141 plasma level 156 precautions 284 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Probstmayria 453 product names 419 protein 141 pulmonary lesions 408 puma 499 resistance 424 semen quality of bulls 423 serotonin 143 serum levels 142 side effects 262, 284 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 414-417,423,454,477 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides stercoralis 320, 321 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 419,446,470,498, 509 Taenia spp. 213 tiger 499 toxicity 592 toxicology 143

Subject Index

Toxocara 499 trade name 446, 470, 498, 509, 655 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichostrongylus 414-418,423,424 Trichostrongylus axei 445,454 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 141 Trichuris 423, 477 Trichuris suis 472 tubulin 143 urine 141 whipworms 498 wildcat 499

Fenclofos 19 Bunostomum 414,415 Chabertia 415 Cooperia 414,415 Gaigeria 415 Haemonchus 414,415,418 Nematodirus 414,415 Oesophagostomum 414,415 Ostertagia 414,415 Strongyloides 414,415 trade name 656 Trichostrongylus 414,415

Ficin 491 Filamon oil

Echinostoma ilocanum 550 intestinal capillariasis 550

Filariasis amoscanate 127,205

Fimbriaria fasciolaris 576 birds 598 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 fowl 598 niclosamide 598 turkey 598

Fischoederius elongatus 1 ,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane

532 Fish

intermediate host 559 Fish tapeworm 560 Fishoederius elongatus 522 Flubendazole 4, 284, 294

Ancylostoma duodenale 214 Angiostrongylus malaysiensis 299 Ascaris 215,478 Ascaris lumbricoides 262 Ascaris suum 472 assessment 214,262,285, 301, 321,

335, 355 Capillaria philippinensis 301 contraindications 216,264,285,321,

357 dosage 215,264,285,321,356,470 Echinococcosis 616

Echinostoma caproni 528, 535 echinostomiasis 528 effect on fertility 617 embryo toxicity 617 Enterobius vermicularis 285 formulation 470 Globocephalus 478 hookworms 214 Hyostrongylus 478 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 individual therapy 216,264 mass treatment 216,264,640 modeofaction 145,151

681

mode of administration 215, 264, 285, 321,356

Necator americanus 214 Oesophagostomum 472, 478 pharmacokinetics 144 plasma half-life 617 plasma levels 144 precautions 216,264,285, 321, 357 side effects 215,264,285,321,356 Strongyloides 478 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides stercoralis 321 supplier 470 toxicology 144 trade name 470, 656 Trichinella spiralis 334, 335 Trichostrongylus 340 Trichuris 215,478 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris trichiura 355

Flubendazole and levamisole Ascaris lumbricoides 276 hookworms 234 side effects 234

Flubendazole and tinidazole Ascaris lumbricoides 276

Folates Diphylobothrium tatum 49

Folic-acid deficiency 3 Fospirate

chemistry 597 Echinococcus granulosus 597 efficacy 597 Taenia hydatigena 597 trade name 656

Fourth-stage larvae 241 Fowl 598 Fox

fenbendazole 499 Freon 112 531 Freon BU 532 Fringed tapeworm 573

682

Frogs Spirometra theileri 562

Fumarate reductase 135, 148, 169,586 Ascaris suum 148 bunamidine 586 cambendazole 135 Fasciola hepatica 148, 169 Haemonchus contortus 140, 154, 169 Hymenolepis diminuta 169 Moniezia expansa 135 morantel 154 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 169 oxfendazole 157 tiabendazole 169 tiabendazole-susceptible 140 tolerant strains 140

Fungi 170

Gaigeria albendazole 415,417,427 bephenium 415 bromoxanide 415 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 disophenol 415 febantel 415,417 fenbendazole 415,417 fenclofos 415 haloxon 415 ivermectin 415,417 levamisole 415,417 mebendazole 415 metyridine 415 morantel 415,417,429 naftalofos 415 nitroxynil 415,417 oxfendazole 415,417,425 oxibendazole 415,417 parbendazole 415,417 phenothiazine 415 pyrantel 415,417,428 rafoxanide 415 thiophanate 415,417 tiabendazole 415 trichlorophon 415

Gaigeria pachyscelis mebendazole 220 tiabendazole 421

Galactosomum 527 Galliformes 530 Ganglionic synapses

pyrantel 165 Gasterophilus

dichlorvos 450, 456 ivermectin 456 trichlorfon 449, 456

Gastrodisciasis 551, 552

Gastrodiscoides hominis carbon tetrachloride 551 cercariae 551 diagnosis 551 eggs 44,551

Subject Index

epidemiology 44, 552 geographical distribution 44 Helicorbis coenosus 44 hexylresorcinol 551 life cycle 44, 551 man 525,551 miracidium 551 morphology 44,551 pathology 551 tetrachloroethylene 551 thymol 551 treatment 551

Gastrodiscus aegypticus 525 bithionol 532 morphology 524 oxyclozanide 534 resorantel 535

Gastrodiscus hominis 525 Gastrointestinal helminths

economic effects 71 epidemiology 7,67 herbage infestations 95 retardation of growth 71

Gastrointestinal nematode infections birds 505 carnivores 487 cattle 98, 107 control strategies 107, 109 diagnosis 407 egg output 102 epidemiology 98, 101, 108 equines 443 eradication 107 herbage infestation 102 pasture 110 pigs 463 ruminants 407 sheep 101, 107 suppressive dosing 107

Gastrointestinal nematodes 91, 115 adopted children 183 cats 487,488,497 cattle 116,414 chickens 507 control strategies Ill, 114 dairy followers III developing larvae 416,417 displaced persons 183 dogs 487,488,497 domestic birds 509 epidemiology 106

Subject Index

equids 445 goats 415,417 herbage infestations 96 immigrants 183 inhibited larvae 418 man 183 pheasants 507 pigeons 509 pigs 464, 470, 472 prevention 490 protection 73 self-cure 73 sheep 114, 116,415,417 the free-living stages 90 turkeys 508 worldwide travel 183

Gastrothylax crumenifer 522 bithionol 532 1,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane

532 Geese

Amidostonum anseris 506 disophenol 512 fenbendazole 514 gastrointestinal nematodes 508 levamisole 516 mebendazole 513 metyridine 511 pyrantel 515 trichlorphon 512

Gentian violet dosage 314 Enterobius vermicularis 283 mode of administration 314 side effects 315 Strongyloides stercoralis 314

Geographical distribution 296,301 Ancylostoma duodenale 193 Angiostrongylus costaricensis 298 Anisakis 239 Ascaris lumbricoides 247 Diphyllobothrium latum 560 Echinococcus granulosus 567 Echinococcus multilocularis 567 Echinococcus vogeli 567 Enterobius vermicularis 280 Multiceps multiceps 567 Necator americanus 193 Oesophagostomum 306 paramphistomes 522 Spirometra mansonoides 561 Strongyloides stercoralis 312 Taenia hydatigena 567 Taenia ovis 567 Taenia pisiformis 567 Taenia saginata 567

Taenia taeniaeformis 567 Ternidens deminutus 329 Trichinella spiralis 332 Trichostrongylus 339 Trichuris trichiura 346

Giardiasis prevalence 632 tinidazole and flubendazole 234

Gigantocotyle explanatum 522 Globocephalus

febantel 479 flubendazole 478

Globocephalus urosubulatus 464 tetramiso1e 475

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levamisole 219

Gnathostoma Cyclops 294 eggs 295 host 295 L1 larvae 295 L21arvae 295 L3 larvae 294, 295 levamisole 296 mebendazole 296 tiabendazole 296

Gnathostoma hispidum 464, 467 Gnathostoma spinigerum 488

eggs 26 epidemiology 26 geographical distribution 25 life cycle 26 morphology 26

Gnathostomiasis 294 Goats 421-425,427-432

gastrointestinal nematodes 415, 417 Golden hamster

Diphyllobothrium latum 560 Gongylonema pulchrum 464, 467 Gravlaks 237 Green herring 237 Gyraules 544 Gyraulus convexiusculus 550 Gyraulus prashadi 550

Habronema spp. 443, 449 albendazole 445 cambendazole 445 dichlorvos 445, 450 febantel 445, 455 fenbendazole 445, 454 haloxon 445 ivermectin 445, 456 levamisole 445,451 mebendazole 445, 453 oxfendazole 445, 454

683

684

Habronema spp. oxibendazole 445, 454 parbendazole 445, 453 phenothiazine 445 piperazine 445 pyrantel 445,451 tiabendazole 445 tioxidazole 445, 455 trichlorfon 445

Haemonchus albendazole 414-417,426 benzimidazole-resistant strains 426 bephenium 414, 415 bromoxanide 415 c1ioxanide 415,417,427 c10santel 415 coumafos 414 developing larvae 425,427,431 disophenol 415,420 febantel 414-417,431,432 fenbendazole 414-418,423,424 fenc1ofos 414,415,418 haloxon 414,415,418 inhibited larvae 424, 430 ivermectin 414-417, 432, 433 levamisole 414-417,430 levamisole pour-on formulation 409 mebendazole 415 metyridine 414,415 morantel 414,415,417,429 naftalofos 414,415,420 nitroxynil 414,415,417,420 oxfendazole 414-418,425,426 oxibendazole 414-417,424 parbendazole 414-417,422 phenothiazine 14,413,415 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 rafoxanide 414-416,427 thiophanate 414-417,431 tiabendazole 414,415,421 tiabendazole-resistant strains 432 trichlorphon 414,415,420

Haemonchus contortus 89, 115, 193,339 anthelmintics 103, 105 arrested larval development 82, 83 benzimidazole-resistant 141,410,412 bromoxianide 133 cambendazole 170 c10santel 138, 407 development 92 disophenol 407 eggs 73,105 epidemiology 104 fenbendazole 141 free-living stages 93 fumarate reductase 140 glucose catabolism 170

host resistance 74, 75 larvae 94, 103

Subject Index

morantel 154 morphological changes 78 oxfendazole 156 phenothiazine 105 protection 73 resistance 73-75,411 salicylanilides 532 self-cure 73, 74 substituted phenols 532 tiabendazole 168, 169 worm burden 74

Haemonchus placei coumafos 418

Halogenated hydrocarbons 530 Haloxon 450

Ascaridia 507, 509 Ascaris suum 472,473 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 Bunostomum 414,415 Capillaria 507,509,511 Capillaria obsignata 511 Chabertia 15 chickens 511 Cooperia 414,415,418 dosage 446, 470 Draschia megastoma 445 formulations 419,446,470, 509 Gaigeria 415 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 414,415,418 Heterakis 507 Hystrongylus rubidus 472, 473 Nematodirus 414,415 Oesophagostomum 414,415,472,473 Ostertagia 414,415 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pigeons 511 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 414,415 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,446,470, 509 trade name 446,470,509,656 Trichostrongylus 414,415 Trichostrongylus axei 445

Subject Index

Trichuris suis 472,473 Haplorchis

microrchis 545 pumilio 548 taichui 545, 548 taihokui 545 vanissimus 545 yokogawai 545,548

Haplorchis pumilio hosts 527 locality 527

Haplorchis taichui 554 Haplorchis yokogawai 554 Harada-Mori 188 Hasstilesia

ochotona 524 ovis 524

Hasstilesiasis 524 Hawkesius hawksei 529 Health education 23, 638

ascariasis 21 hookworms 32 strongyloidiasis 34

Heartworm 500 Heartworm disease 492 Hedgehogs 529 Helicorbis coenosus

Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 Helictometra 573

ruminants 572 Helictometra giardi

albendazole 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cambendazole 598 cattle 598 fenbendazole 598 niclosamide 583, 598 oxfendazole 598 praziquantel 598 sheep 598

Hemoglobulin Ancylostoma duodenale 31

Hepatic trematodes pathogenicity 521

Herbivores Echinococcus granulosus 571

Herd deworming anthelmintics 469 coprological examinations 469

Heterakis 505 adults 507, 508 cambendazole 507 coumafos 507, 511 developing larvae 507, 508 febantel 507 fenbendazole 507,514

haloxon 507 ivermectin 507 levamisole 507,508,516 mebendazole 507 metyridine 507, 508 parbendazole 508 phenothiazine 507 piperazine 507, 508 pyrantel 507 tiabendazole 507

Heterakis gallinarum 505 cambendazole 513 febantel 516 ivermectin 517 levamisole 515,516 mebendazole 513 parbendazole 512 phenothiazine 510 pyrantel 515

Heterakis isolonche pheasants 505

Heterakis spumosa febantel 141 microtubules 141

Heterophydiasis cultural aspects 547 diagnosis 547 ecological aspects 547 socioeconomic aspects 547 treatment 547

Heterophyes heterophyes 527 hosts 527 locality 527 man 527 pleomorphis 527

Heterophyes hatsuradai 545 Heterophyes heterophyes 528

Acanthogobius 45 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 547 bithionol 547 carbon tetrachloride 547 cercariae 45 Cerithidea cingulata microptera 45 control 45 eggs 45 epidemiology 45 flubendazole 535 geographical distribution 44 hexylresorcinol 547 life cycle 44, 46 metacercariae 45 morphology 44, 46, 545, 546 MugU cephalus 45 MugU japonicus 45 niclofolan 547

685

686

Heterophyes heterophyes niclosamide 547 oil of chenopodium 547 oleoresin of aspidium 547 pathology 546 Pirenella conica 45 praziquantel 536, 547, 554 prevention 45 reservoir hosts 45 tetrachloroethylene 547 Tilapa nilotica 45

Heterophyids cercariae 546 eggs 546 life cycle 546 metacercariae 546 miracidia 546 morphology 546 pathology 546

Heterophyopsis expectans hosts 527 locality 527

Hexachlorethane 530 eurytremiasis 524 paramphistomes 523, 531

Hexachlorethane and bentonite paramphistomes 523

Hexachloroparaxylene eurytremiasis 524 paramphistomes 523

Hexachloroparaxylol Nanophyetes slamincolla 528 nanophyetiasis 528 paramphistomes 531

Hexachlorophene 530, 532 Fasciola hepatica 140 paramphistomes 525,531 safety index 140 toxicity 531 trade name 656

Hexamethonium pyrantel 165

Hexylresorcinol 491 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 echinostomiasis 550 fasciolopiasis 525 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 543 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 hookworms 198 intestinal capillariasis 550 lecithodendriidiasis 553 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 Necator american us 198 Trichinella spiralis 333 Trichostrongylus 339

Himasthla muehlensi 548

Hippeutis 542, 544 Hippeutis cantori

Fasciolopsis buski 43 Histamine

Ascaris suum 132

Subject Index

bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 Histomonas meleagrides 505 Homologaster paloniae 522 Hookworm disease 191

clinical profile 192 daily blood loss 192 diagnosis 192

Hookworms 26,83,216,272,489,495, 646 albendazole 202, 203 amoscanate 205 anemia 3 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207 bitoscanate 209, 212 Briscoe's model 10 bromo-p-naphthol 197, 198 carbon tetrachloride 631 cashew nut 196 chenopodium oil 197 ciclobendazole 213 colostrum 85 combination of oxante1 and pyrantel 5 congenital infections 29 coproculture 188 diagnosis 4, 328 dichlorvos 201, 494, 498 diospyrol 196 diospyroquinone 196 Diospyros mollis 196 disophenol 492, 497 dithiazanine 492 dithiazanine iodide 497 eggs 27,312 environmental sanitation 32 epidemiology 34 fenbendazole 213, 498 flubendazole 214 flubendazole and levamisole 234 folic-acid deficiency 3 health education 32 hexylresorcinol 198 iron 3 ivermectin 197 levamisole 217,498 mass treatment 32,209,212,220,224,

228,230 mathematical model 10 mebendazole 220, 223, 224, 498, 499 mebendazole and pyrantel 235 methylbenzene 492 methyl benzene + dichlorophene 497

Subject Index

metrifonate 200,201 nitrodan 497 nitroscanate 498, 587 oxantel and pyrantel 230 piperazine and tiabendazole 235 prevalences 27, 184, 194 pyrantel pamoate 225, 228, 498 pyrantel + oxantel 498 SQ 21,704 597 symptoms 184 tetrachloroethylene 197-199,531 thenium closylate + piperazine 497 thymol 202 tiabendazole 230 tiabendazole and pyrvinium pamoate

233 ticarbodine 500 tioxidazole 500 transmission 29,32

Horses Anoplocephala 598 Anoplocephala magna 572 Anoplocephala perfoliata 572 Moniezia benedeni 572 Moniezia pallida 572, 598 Paranoplocephala mamillana 572, 598

Host innate resistance 634

Host antigens 10 Host resistance 73

Cooperia oncophora 75 gastrointestinal nematodes 77 Haemanchus contortus 75 Heamonchus contortus 74 lactation 88, 90 Nematodirus helvetianus 75 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 74, 76 Ostertagia ostertagi 75, 76 parturition 88, 90 pregnancy 90 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 75 Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 74

Host-parasite relationship Nematodirus spp. 86

Host/parasite systems immune response 72 resistance 72

Hydatic cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis praziquantel 623

Hydatid cyst 563 Echinococcus granulosus 570

Hydatid disease 571,618,620 Hydrobiidae 546

5-Hydroxy tiabendazole 167 5-Hydroxytiabendazole 168

Hygromycin B Ascaris 471 Ascaris lumbricoides 251

Hymenolepiasis 52 Hymenolepididae 576 Hymenolepis 576

axenomycins 595 birds 576, 598 bunamidine hydrochloride 586 cantaniana 576 carioca 576 cysticercoids 614 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 diminata 615 diminuta 576,586,595,614,624 fowl 598 lanceolata 576 mammals 576 nana 576,586,595,614,615,624 niclosamide 583,598,614,615,624 paromomycin 595 praziquantel 624 turkey 598

Hymenolepis diminuta ATP synthesis 138 clinical manifestations 52 cockroaches 51 control 52 Ctenocephalides canis 51 diagnosis 52 dichlorophen 138 earwigs 51 epidemiology 52 Fasciola hepatica 143 fenbendazole 143,592 fumarate reductase 169 geographical distribution 51 human infections 51 insect intermediate host 51 life cycle 51 mice 51 mitochondria 138,155 monoamine oxidases 159 morphology 51 moths 51 niclosamide 154, 155 N osophyllus fasciatus 51 oncosphere 51 ~arbendazole 159 2-Pi-ATP exchange 155

praziquantel 162 prevention 52 Pulex irritans 51 rats 51, 559 Tenebrio molitor 51 tiabendazole 169

687

688

Hymenolepis diminuta Tribolium spp. 51 Xenopsylla cheopis 51

Hymenolepis nana 613,617 albendazole 202 clinical manifestations 54 control 54 diagnosis 54 eggs 53,54 epidemiology 53 geographical distribution 52 immunosuppression 54 life cycle 52 mebendazole 225,618 morphology 51,52 oncosphere 53 praziquantel 5, 589, 620, 622 prevalence 52 prevention 54 proglottids 53 SQ 21,704 596

Hyostrongylus cambendazole 476 febantel 478 fenbendazole 477 flubendazole 478 incidence 464 larvae 469 mebendazole 477 morantel 474 oxantel 474 oxfendazole 477 parbendazole 476 pyrantel 474 thiophanate 479 tiabendazole 475 trichlorfon 471

Hyostrongylus rubidus 464 adult worms 466 postparturient rise 89 prepatent period 469 treatment frequency 469

Hypoalbuminemia 3 Hypobiosis 634

Ancylostoma duodenale 191 arrested larval development 84 human helminthiasis 634 Necator americanus 191 nematodes 84

Hypodarium conoideum galliformes 530 hosts 530 pigeons 530

Hypoderaeum conideum 548,549 Hystrongylus rubidus 472,473

Imidazothiazoles 429,451,470,474,495, 515

Subject Index

Indoplanorbis exustus 550 Intestinal angiostrongyliasis 296 Intestinal capillariasis

mebendazole 299, 550 Intestinal flukes

praziquantel 536 Intestinal helminthiases

immunological status 8 intensity of the infection 8 pathogenicity 633 prevalence 8

Intestinal trematodes birds 521, 529 carbon tetrachloride 529 cats 527 dogs 527 domesticated carnivores 527 equines 524 mammals 521 man 541 niclosamide 529 nitroxynil 534 pathogenicity 521 ruminants 521 salicylanilides 532 substituted phenols 532

Iodothymol Fasciolopsis bush 543

Ipomea aquatica 544 Ipomea reptans 544 Iron 3

Ancylostoma duodenale 31 anemia 30

Iron deficiency 191 Isoparorchis hypselobagri 554 Istmiophora melis

praziquantel 536 Ivermectin 456

y-amino butyric acid 131 Ancylostoma caninum 500 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 130 Ascaridia 507 Ascaridia galli 517 Ascaris 479 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 Bunostomum 414-417 Caenorhabditis elegans 130, 131 Capillaria 507 Capillaria obsignata 517 Chabertia 15,417 chickens 517 Cooperia 414-417,432 Dirofilaria immitis 500 dosage 197,446,470 Draschia megastoma 445 formulations 419,446,470, 509

Subject Index

Gaigeria 415,417 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 414-417,432,433 Heterakis 507 Heterakis gallinarum 517 hookworms 197 Hyostrongylus 479 Marshallagia marshalli 432 mode of action 130, 131 mode of administration 197 Nematodirus 414-417,432 Oesophagostomum 414-417,432,479 Ostertagia 414-417,432,433 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 Oxyuris 455 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 455 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 side effects 197 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 414-417, 455 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongyloids 479 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 419,446,470,509 trade name 446, 470, 509, 656 Trichostrongylus 414-417,433,455 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 479

Jaguar fenbendazole 499

Johnsonitrema magnum 522 Joyeuxiella pasqualei

praziquantel 588 Joyeuxiella spp.

bunamidine 598 cats 575, 598 diagnosis 566 Dipylidium caninum 575 diuredosan 598 dog 598 dogs 575 praziquantel 598

Kainic acid 250, 282 Kamala

Echinostoma ilocanum 550 Heterophyes heterophyes 547

intestinal capillariasis 550 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 tapeworm infections 557

Kato cellophane thick smear 193,247 Kousso

tapeworm infections 557

Lactate production cambendazole 135

Larva currens 183 Larva migrans

tiabendazole 274 Lead 613 Lead arsenate

cestodes 597 tapeworm infections 557

Leche de higueron 347,491 Lecithodendriidiasis 552

cultural aspects 553 diagnosis 553 ecological aspects 553 hexylresorcinol 553 pathology 553 socioeconomic aspects 553 treatment 553

Leopard fenbendazole 499 levamisole 496

Leuciscus hakuensis Metagonimus yokogawai 46

Levamisole 306 acetylcholinesterase 146 alkaline phosphatases 147 Amidostomum 508

689

Amidostomum anseris 516 Ancylostoma caninum 495 Ancylostoma duodenale 216, 217, 220 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 299 ascariasis 4, 19 Ascaridia 507-509 Ascaridia dissimilis 516 Ascaridia galli 515 Ascaris 474 Ascaris lumbricoides 19,264 Ascaris suum 148, 472 Ascaris-muscle 165 assessment 217,265,302,357 atropine sulfate 409 benzimidazole-resistant H. contortus

strain 430 Bunostomum 414-417 Caenorhabditis elegans 131 Capillaira obsignata 516 Capillaria 507-509,516 Capillaria obsignata 515 Capillaria philippinensis 301

690

Levamisole cat 495 cautions 323 Chabertia 415,417 contraindications 219,266,302,323,

358 Cooperia 41~17, 429 cost 641 dogs 495 dosage 218,266,302,322,358,446,

470,498 Draschia megastoma 445 efficacy 641 Enterobius vermicularis 267 formulations 409,419,446,470,498,

509 Gaigeria 415,417 ganglion-stimulating effects 146 geese 516 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

219 Gnathostoma 296 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 41~17, 429 Heterakis 507,508,516 Heterakis gallinarum 515,516 hookworms 217,220,495,498 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 immunodeficiency diseases 4 indications 498 individual treatment 219,266-length of treatment 641 leopard 496 levamisole-resistant O. circumcincta

430 lion 496 mass treatment 220,267,640,641 metabolism 146 mode of action 131, 148, 165 mode of administration 218, 266, 322,

358 Necator americanus 216,217 Nematodirus 41~17, 429 Oesophagostomum 41~17, 429, 472,

475 Ostertagia 41~17 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 Oxyuris 451 Oxyuris equi 14 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 panther 496 paralysis 148 paramphistomes 523, 535 Parascaris 451 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 periodic deworming 631

pharmacokinetics 146 pharmacology 146 pigeons 516 plasma levels 146

Subject Index

precautions 219,266,302,358 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Probstmayria 451 product names 419 puma 496 side effects 218,266,302,322,358,641 small strongyles 14 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 4l~17, 451 Strongyloides ransomi 472,474 Strongyloides stercoralis 322, 323 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,446,470,498,509 tapeworm 495 tiger 496 toxicology 147,408,409,452 trade name 446,470,498,509,656 Trichinella spiralis 334, 335 Trichostrongylus 340, 4l~17, 429,

433,451 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 475 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris trichiura 267,357 whipworm 495

Levamisole and mebendazole Ascaris lumbricoides 276

Levamisole pour-on formulation Haemonchus 409 Trichostrongylus 409

Levinseniella pellucida 530 Liomys adspersus 297 Lion

fenbendazole 499 levamisole 496

Liorchis scotiae 522 bithionol 532 dichlorophenol 533 fenbendazole 535

Liver ATP synthesis 137 ATPase 140 c10santel 137 disophenol 139, 140 mitochondria 137, 139, 155 nic10samide 155

"Loeffler" eosinophilic lung infiltrate 191 Lungworms

Clun Forest sheep 106

Subject Index

Wiltshire Hom breed 106 Lymnea rubiginosa 550 Lynx

fenbendazole 499

Macacafascicularis 553 Male fern

tapeworm infections 557 Male fern extract

Echinostoma ilocanum 528, 550 intestinal capillariasis 550

Man aberrant intermediate host 614 Alaria alata 527 cestode infections 614 definitive host 614 Echinococcus granulosus 571 Echinococcus vogeli 571 Gastrodiscoides hominis 525, 551 Heterophyes 527 intestinal trematodiasis 541 Metagonimus yokogawai 527 Spirometra theiferi 562 tapeworm infections 5613

Marshallagia marshalli ivermectin 432

Mass treatment albendazole 258,640,641 Ancylostoma duodenale 220, 224, 631 Ascaris lumbricoides 19,21,220, 256,

258,260,261,264,267,270,276 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 260,

640,641 bitoscanate 212 choice of drugs and treatment

schedules 640 clinical examination 651 community-wide treatment for

helminthiasis 640 contraindications 260 costs 21 decision-making process 646 education 647 Enterobius vermicularis 290, 292 evaluation of anthelminthics 641 execution stage 645 field testing 642 flubendazole 216,640 hookworms 32,209,212,216,228,230 levamisole 220,640,641 mebendazole 224,270,287,640,641 Necator americanus 224 oxantel and pyrantel 230 pilot run 642 piperazine 256, 640, 641 planning stage 645

precautions 260 preliminary survey 639 preplanning stage 640 pyrante1 640,641 pyrantel pamoate 228, 272, 290 questionnaire 647 sanitation 646 sociocultural background 647 stool examination 650 Strongyloides stercoralis 276 tetrachloroethylene 640, 641 thymol 640 tiabendazole 640,641

Mass treatment campaign community participation 637 definition 635 health education 638 informed consent 638 man power recruitment 637 organization 636 training 636

Mathematical model Bradley's model 10 Briscoe's model 10 Haiston's models 9 MacDonald's model 9

Mebendazole 127, 304,476,496, 506, 598,613 absorption of nutrients 151 adult cestode infections 617 adult tapeworms 594 agranulocytosis 616 alkaline phosphatase 616 alopecia 616 Amidostomum 508

691

Amidostomum anseris 513 anaphylactic reactions 616 Ancylostoma duodenale 220,221,224 Angiostrongylus malaysiensis 299 Anoplocephala perfoliata 594 ascariasis 4 Ascaridia 507, 513 Ascaridia galli 513 ascarids 498 Ascaris 225,477 Ascaris lumbricoides 267,270 Ascaris suum 149, 170,472 Ascaris suum tissues 149, 150 Aspiculuris tetraptera 170 assessment 221,267,285,302,323,

335,358 ATP synthesis 151 Bunostomum 415 Capillaria 507, 513 Capillaria obsignata 513 Capillaria philippinensis 4, 301, 302

692

Mebendazole capillariasis 23 Chabertia 15 chickens 513 clinical treatment 270 contraindications 270, 303, 324, 361 Cooperia 415 cost 641 dosage 223,270,303,324,336,361,

446,470,498,624 Draschia megastoma 445, 453 drug resistance 412 Echinococcus granulosus 593,616,618,

624 Echinococcus multilocularis 149,594,

618,624 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 echinostomiasis 550,616 efficacy 593,641 embryotoxic effects 151,408,499,617 enterobiasis 4 Enterobius 225 Enterobius vermicularis 287 feces 149 flubendazole 616 formulation(s) 419, 446, 470, 498, 509 Gaigeria 415 Gaigeria pachyscilis 220 geese 513 glomerulonephritis 616 glucose uptake 151 Gnathostoma 296 Habronema 453 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 415 heartworm-infected dogs 499 hepatic enzymes 616 Heterakis 507 Heterakis gallinarum 513 high-pressure liquid chromatography

616 hookworms 4,220,223,498,499 Hymenolepisnana 225,617,618 Hyostrongylus 477 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 indications 498 individual treatment 223 intestinal capillariasis 550 larval infections 618 length of treatment 641 mass treatment 224,270,287,640,641 Mesocestoides corti 594 metabolites 149, 150 microtubules 151 mode of action 151 mode of administration 223, 270, 324,

336,361

Moniezia expansa 151 Multiceps mUlticeps 594

Subject Index

Necator americanus 221,224,618 Nematodirus 415 Oesophagostomum 415,472,477 Ostertagia 415 ovicidal properties 618 Oxyuris 453 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 453 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 periodic deworming 631 pharmacokinetics 149 pheasants 513 Physaloptera 499 pigeons 513 plasma concentrations 616 plasma levels 594 precautions 223,270,303,324,361 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Probstmayria 453 product names 419 radioimmune assay 616 serum glutamic oxaloacetic

transaminase 616 side effects 223,270,303,324,361,499,

641 small strongyles 453 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 415,453,477 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides stercoralis 225, 323 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplie~ 419,446,470,498,509 Syngamus trachea 149, 170 Syphacia muris 149 Taenia crassiceps 593, 594 Taenia granulosus 594 Taenia hydatigena 594 Taenia ovis 594 Taenia pisijormis 593 Taenia saginata 4, 594, 617 Taenia solium 4,617,618 Taenia taeniaeformis 593 teratogenic effects 151,499 Tetrameres americana 513 toxicology 150, 595 trade name 446,470,498,509,656 Trichinella spiralis 334-336 trichostrongylids 422

Subject Index

Trichostrongylus 225,341,415,453 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichostrongylus tenuis 513 trichuriasis 4 Trichuris 225,477 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris trichiura 358, 362, 618 urine 149 whipworms 498, 499

Mebendazo1e and pyrante1 Ascaris lumbricoides 276 assessment 235 contraindications 235 dosage 235 hookworms 235 mode of administration 235

Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate 294 Mebendazole + trichlorfon

dosage 446 formulation(s) 446 supplier 446 trade name 446, 656

Mecistocirrus digitatus 339 Meganyctiphanes norvegica 237 Melaniidae 546 Mepacrine

cestodes 597 tapeworm infections 557

Mesocestoides 565, 575 albendazole 593, 598 bunamidine 598 diagnosis 566 diuredosan 598 dog 598 life cycle 564 lineatus 564 mites 564 praziquante1 598 second intermediate hosts 564

Mesocestoides corti 564 diuredosan 596 mebendazole 594 niclosamide 582 praziquante1 588, 589 tetrathyridia 594

Mesocestoididae 564 Mesocricetus auratus 560 Metagonimiasis 46 Metagonimus yokogawai 545,548

bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 547 bithionol 547 carbon tetrachloride 547 eggs 45 epidemiology 46 geographical distribution 46 hexylresorcinol 547

hosts 527 Leuciscus hakuensis 46 life cycle 46 locality 527 man 527 metacercariae 46 morphology 46, 546 MugU cephalus 46 niclofolan 533, 547 niclosamide 547 Odontobuitis obscurus 46 oil of chenopodium 547 oleoresin of aspidium 547 pigs 526 Plecoglossus altivelis 46 praziquantel 164, 536, 547 prevalences 46 Pseudogobio esocinus 46 second intermediate hosts 46 Semisulcospira libertina 46 tetrachloroethylene 547

Metastrongylus apri cholinesterase 153 metrifonate 153

Methylbenzene 491 hookworm 492 whipworms 492

Methylbenzene + dichlorophene 497 Methylthiophanate 171

benzimidazole carbamates 170 fungi 170

Methyridine 507 Metrifonate

antidote 201,351 arylesterases 153 Ascaris lumbricoides 252 Ascaris suum 200 assessment 200, 351 cholinesterase 152, 153 contraindications 201, 351 dosage 201,351,470 formulation 470 hookworms 200,201 mode of action 153 mode of administration 201,351 pharmacokinetics 152 precautions 201,351 side effects 201,351 supplier 470 toxicology 153 trade name 470, 656 Trichuris 200 Trichuris trichiura 350,351

Metroliasthes lucida birds 575, 598 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598

693

694

Metroliasthes lucida fowl 598 niclosamide 598 turkey 598

Metronidazole Fasciolopsis buski 543 Trichinella spiralis 333

Metyridine 409,420 Ancylostoma caninum 493 Ascaridia 508, 509 Ascaridia galli 510 Bunostomum 414,415 Capillaria 508, 509 Capillaria ana tis 511 Capillaria obsignata 511 Chabertia 415 Chickens 510 Cooperia 414,415 formulations 419,509 Gaigeria 415 geese 511 Haemonchus 414,415 Heterakis 508 Nematodirus 414,415 Oesophagostomum 414,415 Ostertagia 414,415 pigeons 511 product names 419 strongyloides 414,415 suppliers 419, 509 toxic effects 510 Toxocara canis 493 trade names 509 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichostrongylus 414,415 Trichuris vulpis 493 turkeys 511

Microtubules albendazole 127 Ascaris suum 143, 170 benzimidazole carbamates 127 cambendazole 135 Fasciola hepatica 143 febante1 141 fenbendazo1e 143 Heterakis spumosa 141 mebendazo1e 151,170 Syngamus trachea 170

Milk spots 465 Mink 529 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 550 Mitochondria 614

Ascaris suum 138-140, 155 ATP synthesis 139 Fasciola hepatica 137 Hymenolepis diminuta 138 liver 137, 139, 155

Subject Index

niclosamide 155 Mitochondrial phosphorylation

Ascaris suum 137 closantel 137 Fasciola hepatica 137 liver 137

Mode of action 131,134,143 albendazo1e 127 amoscanate 128 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 bithionol 133 closante1 137 dichlorophen 138 dichlorvos 153 disopheno1 139 febante1 141 flubendazo1e 145 ivermectin 130 1evamiso1e 148, 165 mebendazole 151 metrifonate 153 morantel 154 niclosamide 155 oxfendazole 157 oxibendazo1e 158 parbendazole 159 paromomycin 160 piperazine 161, 165 praziquante1 163 pyrante1 165 rafoxanide 166 tetramiso1e 148 tiabendazole 169

Moniezia 573 albendazo1e 593, 598 axenomycins 595 benedeni 572 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cambendazo1e 134, 598 cattle 598 dich1orophen 581 fenbendazo1e 592, 598 horses 572 niclosamide 583, 598 oxfendazo1e 598 pallida 572 praziquantel 590, 598 ruminants 572 sheep 598

Moniezia expansa 151 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 cambendazo1e 591 oxfendazole 591

Moniezia pallida horses 598 mebendazole 598

Subject Index

niclosamide 598 Monoamine oxidases

Hymenolepis diminuta 159 parbendazole 159

Monomorium scabriceps 574 Morantel 153,409,450,494

Ascaris 474 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 Bunostomum 414,415,417,429 Chabertia 15, 417, 429 Cooperia 414,415,417,429 formulations 419 fumarate reductase 154 Gaigeria 415, 417, 429 Haemonchus 414,415,417,429 Haemonchus contortus 154 Hyostrongylus 474 levamisole-resistant Ostertagia strain

429 maximum tolerated dose 451 Nematodirus 414,415,417,429 Oesophagostomum 414,415,417,429,

474 Ostertagia 414,415,417,429 pharmacokinetics 154 product names 419 resistance 429 strongyloides 414,415,417 suppliers 419 toxicology 154 trade name 656 trichostrongylus 414, 415, 417, 429 Trichuris 474

Morante! tartrate sustained re!ease bolus 410

Morerastrongylus 296 Morerastrongylus andersoni 11 Morerastrongylus costaricensis 11,296 Morphology

echinostomids 549 Fasciolopsis buski 542 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 Heterophyes heterophyes 545 heterophyids 546 Metagonimus yokogawai 546 Phaneropsolus bonnei 552 Prosthodindrium molenkampi 552

Moths Hymenolepis diminuta 51

MugU cephalis 547 MugU cephalus

Heterophyes heterophyes 45 Metagonimus yokogawai 46

MugU japonicus Heterophyes heterophyes 45

Multiceps multiceps 570

Coenurus cerebralis 567 definitive host 567 geographical distribution 567 intermediate host 567 larvae 594 mebendazole 594 praziquantel 589

Multiceps serialis 570 Coenurus serialis 567 definitive host 567 geographical distribution 567 intermediate host 567

N-butylchloride 491 N-methy1cytisine

Angiostrongylus cantonensis 131 Naftalofos

Bunostomum 414,415 Chabertia 415 Cooperia 414,415,420 formulations 419 Gaigeria 415 Haemonchus 414,415,420 Nematodirus 414,415 Oesophagostomum 414,415 Ostertagia 414,415 product names 419 resistance 413 strongyloides 414,415 suppliers 419 trade name 656 trichostrongylus 414,415

Nanophyetes salmincola 527 Nanophyetes salmincolla

carbon tetrachloride 528 hexachloroparaxylol 528 tetrachloroethylene 528

N anophyetiasis carbon tetrachloride 528 hexachloroparaxylol 529 tetrachloroethylene 529

Necator americanus 26, 186, 191,202, 213, 224, 229 albendazole 203, 204 amidantel 204 amoscanate 205 anemia 30, 191, 193 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207,

208 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and

tetrachloroethylene 232 bitoscanate 209,210 blood loss 31 bromo-fJ-naphthol 198 cashew nut 196 clinical manifestations 30

695

696

Necator americanus control 31 coproculture 193 development 191 dichlorvos 20 I diospyrol 196 diospyroquinone 196 Diospyros mollis 196 egg output 191, 193 eggs 27,28, 191,618 epidemiology 28, 29 flubendazole 214 geographical distribution 27, 193 hexylresorcinol 198 host 191 hypobiosis 191 intensity of infections 30 iron 30 iron deficiency 191, 193 L3 infective larvae 191 levamisole 216,217 life cycle 27 life span 29, 191 mebendazole 221,618 morphology 27 prevalence 27 pyrantel pamoate 225 tetrachloroethylene 198 tiabendazole and levamisole 232

Nematodiriasis 110 forecasting 108

Nematodirus albendazole 414-417,427 bephenium 413--415 bromoxanide 415 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 coumafos 414 developing larvae 425 disophenol 415 eggs 93 febantel 414-417 fenbendazole 414-418,423,424 fenclofos 414,415 haloxon 414,415 inhibited larvae 424,425 ivermectin 414-417,432 levamisole 414-417,430 mebendazole 415 metyridine 414,415 morantel 414,415,417,429 naftalofos 414,415 nitroxynil 414,415,417 oxfendazole 414-418,425 oxibendazole 414-417,424 parbendazole 414-417,422 phenothiazine 14,413,415

Subject Index

pyrantel 414,415,417,428 rafoxanide 414-416 thiophanate 414-417,431 tiabendazole 414,415,421 trichlorophon 415 trichlorphon 414

Nematodirus battus 115 control strategies 114 development 92 eggs 92 epidemiology 104 herbage infestations 97 sheep 114

Nematodirusfilicollis 115 herbage infestations 97

Nematodirus helvetianus 115,423 herbage infestations 100 host resistance 75 resistance to 75

Nematodirus spathiger ll5 morphological changes 78

Nematodirus spp. arrested development 79 host-parasite relationship 86 pathogenic effect 108

Nematospiroides dub ius albendazole 127 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207

Neoscaris vitulorum colostrum 85

Neptunia oleracea 544 Neurocysticercosis

praziquantel 623 Niclofolan 140

Calicophoron calicophorum 533 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 Metagoniumus yokogawai 533 paramphistomes 523, 533 toxic effects 533

Niclosamide 140, 167,581,598,613,618 adult cestode infections 614 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 155 approximate % cured 624 Ascaris suum 155 ATP synthesis 155 Avitellina 583 cestodiasis 5 Choanotaenia infundibulum 583 Dicranotenia 583 Diphyllobothrium latum 615,624 Dipylidium caninum 583,615,624 Dipylidium canium 155 dose 624 Echinococcus granulosus 582, 583 Echinoparyphium paraulum 529

Subject Index

echinostomes 526 echinostomiasis 528 efficacy 582 Fasciola 534 Fasciola hepatica 155 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 534, 543 Helictometra giardi 583 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 hydrogen ionophore 614 Hymenolepis 583 Hymenolepis diminuta 154, 155,615,

624 Hymenolepis nana 614,615,624 intestinal trematodes 529 liver 155 Mesocestoides corti 582 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 mode of action 155 neuropharmacological effects 155 Paragonimus westermani 155 paramphistomes 523, 524, 534 fharmacokinetics 154 2Pi-ATP exchange 155

Raillietina 583 Stilesia hepatica 583, 590 Taenia 582 Taenia hydatigena 582 Taenia ovis 582 Taenia saginata 614,615 Taenia solium 614,615 Taenia taeniaeformis 582 tapeworms 534 Thysanosoma actinioides 583, 590 toxicology 154,583 trade name 656

Nicotinic receptors pyrantel 165

Nidanthel 497 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

fenbendazole 141 fumarate reductase 169 half-life of the population 76 host resistance 76 self-cure 74 tiabendazole 169 worm burden 74, 76

Nitrodan Ancylostoma caninum 493 ascarids 497 dosage regime 497 formulation 497 hookworms 497 indications 497 supplier 497 Toxascaris leonina 493 Toxocara canis 493

tradename 497, 656 Uncinaria stenocephala 493

Nitrophenols 420, 512 Nitroscanate 125, 598

Ancylostoma caninum 496, 587 Ancylostoma tubaeforme 588 ascarids 498 chemistry 587 Dipylidium caninum 587, 588 dosage regime 498 Echinococcus granulosus 588 efficacy 587 formulation 498 hookworms 498, 587 indications 498 micronisation 588 Spirometra erinacei 587 supplier 498 Taenia 587,588 Taenia taeniaeformis 588 Toxascaris leonina 496, 587 toxicity 588 Toxocara canis 496, 587 Toxocara cati 588 tradename 498, 656 Trichuris vulpis 496, 587, 588 Uncinaria stenocephala 496, 587

Nitroxynil Bunostomum 414,415,417 Bunostomum phlebotomum 420 Chabertia 415,417 Cooperia 414,415,417,420 Eurytrema coelomaticum 534 eurytremiasis 524 formulations 419 Gaigeria 415,417 Haemonchus 414,415,417,420 intestinal trematodes 534 Nematodirus 414,415,417 Oesophagostomum 414,415,417 Oesophagostomum radiatum 420 Ostertagia 414,415,417 paramphistomes 534

- product names 419 strongyloides 414,415,417 suppliers 419 trade name 656 trichostrongylus 414,415,417

Nocodazole tubulin 170

Nodular worm 466 Nosophyl/us fasciatus

Hymenolepis diminuta 51 Notocotylus attenuatus

hosts 530 Nymphaea lotus 544

697

698

Odontobuitis obscurus Metagonimus yokogawai 46

Oesophagodontus 443 Oesophagodontus robustus

dichlorvos 450 Oesophagostoma spp. 32 Oesophagostomiasis 32, 33, 304 Oesophagostomum 304, 466

albendazole 414-417,427,478 apiostomum 33 Ascaris suum 471 benzimidazole-resistant strains 426 bephenium 414,415 bromoxanide 415 cambendazole 472, 476 CC14 306 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 coumafos 414,418 developing larvae 425, 430 diagnosis 306 dichlorvos 472 disophenol 415,420 eggs 33 febantel 414-417,432,472,478 fenbendazole 414-417,423,472,477 fenclofos 414,415 flubendazole 472,478 geographical distribution 33, 306 haloxon 414,415,472,473 host 305 incidence 464 inhibited larvae 425 ivermectin 414-417,432,479 larvae 469 levamisole 306,414-417,430,472,475 life cycle 33, 305 mebendazole 415,472,477 metyridine 414,415 morantel 414,415,417,429,474 morphology 33 naftalofos 414,415 nitroxynil 414,415,417 oxantel 474 oxfendazole 414-417,425,426,472,

477 oxibendazole 414-417,424,472,478 parbendazole 414-417,422,472,476 phenothiazine 14,413,415 piperazines 471,472 prepatent period 469 prevalence 306 pyrantel 414,415,417,472,474 rafoxanide 414-416,427 surgical treatment 306 TCE 306

Subject Index

thiophanate 414-417,479 tiabendazole 306,414,415,472,475 treatment frequency 469 trichlorfon 414,415,472

Oesophagostomum apiostomum 304 Oesophagostomum bifurcum 304 Oesophagostomum circumcincta

drug resistance 412 Oesophagostomum circumcinta

benzimidazole-resistant strains 410 Oesophagostomum dentatum

larvae 466 thirdstage larvae 95

Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae mortality 95

Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum larvae 466

Oesophagostomum radiatum nitroxynil 420 tiabendazole 421

Oesophagostomum spp. 464 febantel 431 postparturient rise 89 pyrantel 428 thiophanate 431

Oesophagostomum stephanostomum 304 Oil of Anacardium

ancylostomiasis 491 Oil of chenopodium

echinostomiasis 549 Enterobius vermicularis 281 Fasci%psis buski 543 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 Ternidens deminutus 329

Oil of chenopodium and TeE 294 Oil of terebinthinae

Fasciolopsis buski 543 Oleoresin 613 Oleoresin of aspidium

Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Metagonimus yokogawai 547

Oligomycin 128 Ollulanus tricuspis 88 Olveria indica 522 OMPI 145, 146 Opisthorchis viverrini 553

praziquantel 164 Organic phosphorus compounds 511

cholinesterase 409 toxicity 409

Organophosphates 470,471,493, 535 Organophosphorous compounds 200

Ascaris suum 252 contraindication 252 dosage 252

Subject Index

Enterobius vermicularis 283 mode of administration 252 precautions 252 side effects 252 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichuris trichiura 350

Orthetrum sabina 553 Oryzomys fulvescens 297 Ostertagia 466

albendazole 414-417,426 arrested development 79 bephenium 414,415 bromoxanide 415 cattle 98 c1ioxanide 415,417 c10santel 415 coumafos 414 developing larvae 424, 425 disophenol 415 epidemiology 98 febantel 414-417,431 fenbendazole 414-417,423,424 fenc1ofos 414,415 haloxon 414,415 inhibited larvae 31, 423-426 ivermectin 414-417,432,433 levamisole 414-417 mebendazole 415 metyridine 414,415 morantel 414,415,417,429 naftalofos 414,415 nitroxynil 414,415,417 oxfendazole 414-417,425,426 oxibendazole 414-417,424 parbendazole 414-417,421 phenothiazine 4l3-415 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 rafoxanide 414-416 thiophanate 414-417,431 tiabendazole 414,415,421 trichlorphon 414,415

Ostertagia circumcincta egg output 87 free-living stages 93

Ostertagia leptospicularis 115 Ostertagia ostertagi 339,407,410

albendazole 418 Anoplocephala 592 arrested larval development 80-83, 142 calves 70 culture 105 Echinococcus granulosus 592 egg output 86,87, 108 eggs 81 epidemiology 100, 104 fenbendazole 412,418, 592

half-life of the population 76 herbage infestations 100 host resistance 75, 76 Hymenolopis diminuta 592 hypo biotic larvae 592 inhibited larvae 411,412,418 ivermectin 418 larvae 105, 106 levamisole 418 liveweight gain 70 Moniezia 592 morphological changes 78 oxfendazole 418 resistance to 75 stunting 85 thiophanate 412,418 worm burden 76-78

Ostertagia spp. lactation 90

Ostertagiasis 82 production 68

Ostertagiasis type II 99,407 Oxantel 155

Ascaris 474 assessment 362 contraindications 363 dosage 363 Hyostrongylus 474 mode of administration 363 Oesophagostomum 474 precautions 363 side effects 363 Trichuris 474 Trichuris trichiura 362, 363

Oxantel and Pyrante1 325 assessment 228, 363 contraindications 230, 364 dosage 229,364 hookworms 228, 230 individual treatment 230 mass treatment 230 mode of administration 229,364 Necator americanus 229 precautions 230 side effects 229,364 trade name 656 Trichiuris trichiura 363 Trichuris trichiura 228

Oxantel pamoate ascariasis 5 Trichuris trichiura 5

Oxfendazole 142,410,477,591,598 abomasal concentrations 157 albendazole 426 Anoplocephala magna 591 Anoplocephala perfoliata 591

699

700

Oxfendazole Ascaris suum 472 Bunostomum 414-417,425,426 Chabertia 415,417,425,426 Cooperia 414-417,425,426 dosage 446, 470 Draschia 454 Draschia megastoma 445 Echinococcus granulosus 591 efficacy 591 embryotoxicity 157,408,426 fertility in rams 426 formulations 419,446,470 fumarate reductase 157 Gaigeria 415,417,425 llabronema 454 llabronema spp. 445 llaemonchus 414-418,425,426 llaemonchus contortus 156 llystrongylus rubidus 472 mode of action 157 Moniezia expansa 591 Nematodirus 414-418,425 Oesophagostomum 414-417,425,426,

472 Ostertagia 414-417,425,426 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 Oxyuris 454 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 454 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 156 plasma level 156 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 resistance 413,426 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 414-417,425,454 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,446,470 teratogenic 157 toxicology 157, 591 trade name 446, 470, 656 Trichostrongylus 414-418,425,426,

433 Trichostrongylus axei 445, 454 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 156 Trichuris 425 Trichuris suis 472 tubulin 157

Subject Index

Oxfendazole sulfone abomasal concentrations 157 benzimidazole carbamates 156

Oxibendazole 477, 591 albendazole 127 Ascaris 478 Ascaris suum 472 benzimidazole carbamates 127, 157 Bunostomum 414-417,424 cambendazole 127 Chabertia 15,417,424 Cooperia 414-417,424 dosage 446,470 Draschia 454 Draschia megastoma 445 drug resistance 447 embryotoxic effect 158, 424 formulations 419,446,470 Gaigeria 415,417 llabronema spp. 445, 454 llaemonchus 414-417,424 llystrongylus rubidus 472 membrane resistance 127 mode of action 158 nematodirus 414-417,424 Oesophagostomum 414-417,424,472,

478 Ostertagia 414-417,424 Oxyuris 454 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 454 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 158 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Probstmayria 454 product names 419 resistance 413 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 414-417,424,454,478 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,446,470 teratogenic activity 158 toxicology 158 trade name 446,470,657 Trichostrongylus 414-417, 424 Trichostrongylus axei 445, 454 Trichuris 424, 478 Trichuris suis 472

Oxidative phosphorylation 532,614

Subject Index

Oxinide paramphistomes 523

Oxyclozanide 535 echinostomes 526 Fasciola hepatica 140 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 534 paramphistomes 523-525,534 safety index 140

Oxytetracycline Enterobius vermicularis 282

Oxyuriasis 277 Oxyuris

albendazole 455 cambendazole 452 dichlorvos 450 febantel 455 fenbendazole 453 ivermectin 455 levamisole 451 mebendazole 453 oxfendazole 454 oxibendazole 454 parbendazole 453 pyrantel 451 tiabendazole 452 tioxidazole 455

Oxyuris equi 443 trichlorfon 449

Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445

Panna tapeworm infections 557

Panther fenbendazole 499 levamisole 496

Paragonimus kellicotti albendazole 202

Paragonimus westermani bithionol 133 niclosamide 155 praziquantel 163

Paragonismus sp. praziquantel 536

Paramphistomatidae 551 Paramphistomes

albendazole 523 bithionol 523-525, 532 bithionol sulphoxide 524 brotianide 523, 533 carbon tetrachloride 530 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane

532 clioxanide 523 dichlorophenol 533 dichlorvos 525

difluorotetrachlorethane 523 difluorotetrachloroethane 532 domestic ruminants 522 elephants 529 fenbendazole 523, 535 geographical distribution 522 hexachlorethane 523, 531 hexachlorethane and bentonite 523 hexachloroparaxylene 523 hexachloroparaxylol 531 hexachlorophene 53, 525 levamisole 523, 535 life cycles 522 niclofolan 523, 533 niclosamide 523, 524, 534 nitroxynil 534 oxinide 523 oxyclozanide 523-525,534 pathology 522 rafoxanide 534 resorante1 523-525, 535 tetramisole 523 trichlorfon 523, 535

Paramphistomiasis 521,524 pigs 525

Paramphistomum cervi 522 daubneyi 522 gotoi 522 gracile 522 hiberniae 522 ichikawai 522 microbothrium 522

Paramphistomum ichikawae dichlorophenol 533

Paramphistomum sp. hexachlorophene 531

Paranoplocephala mamillana horses 572, 598 mebendazole 598 niclosamide 598

Parascaris albendazole 455 cambendazole 452 dichlorvos 450 febantel 455 fenbendazole 453 ivermectin 455 levamisole 451 mebendazole 453 oxfendazole 454 oxibendazole 454 parbendazole 453 phenothiazine 449 pyrantel 451 Strongyloides 449

701

702

Parascaris tiabendazole 452 tioxidazole 455 trichlorfon 449

Parascaris equorum 443, 448 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Parastrigea robusta

ducks 530 hosts 530

Paratenic host 640 Toxocara canis 84

Parbendazole 452, 590 Ascaridia 508 Ascaridia dissimilis 512 Ascaris 476 Ascaris suum 472 Bunostomum 414-417,422 Capillaria 422, 508 Chabertia 415,417,422 Cooperia 414-417,421,422 dosage 446, 470 Draschia megastoma 445 drug resistance 412 embryotoxic 159,408,422 formulation 419,446,470,509 Gaigeria 415,417 Habronema spp. 445,453 Haemonchus 414-417,422 Heterakis 508 Heterakis gallinarum 512 Hymenolepis diminuta 159 Hyostrongylus 476 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 metabolites 158 mode of action 159 monoamine oxidases 159 Nematodirus 414-417,422 Oesophagostomum 414-417,422,472,

476 Ostertagia 414-417,421 Oxyuris 453 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 453 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacokinetics 158 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 resistance 422 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 strongyloides 414-417,422,453,476 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445

Subject Index

Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 419,446,470,509 teratogenic 159 toxicology 159 trade name 446,470,509 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichostrongylus 414-417,421,422,

453 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 422 Trichuris suis 472 tubulin 159 turkeys 512

Paromomycin 159 antibiotics 125 Enterobius vermicularis 282 Hymenolepis diminuta 595 Hymenolepis nana 595 mode of action 160 Streptomyces rimosus forma

paromomycinus 160 Taenia taeniaeformis 595

Paryphostomum sufrartyfex 526, 548 Pasture management 468 Pen Hygiene 468 Periodic deworming

bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 631 carbon tetrachloride 631 levamisole 631 mebendazole 631 tiabendazole 631

Pfenderius papillatus 529 Phagicolla

hosts 527 italica 527 locality 527 longa 527

Phaneropsolus bonnei life cycle 552 morphology 552

Pharamphistomum microbothrium bithionol 532 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane

532 difluorotetrachloroethane 532

Pharmacokinetics albendazole 125, 126 albendazole sulfone 126 albendazole sulfoxide 126 amoscanate 127 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 bitoscanate 133 cambendazole 134 ciclobendazole 135 closantel 136

Subject Index

dichlorvos 152 febantel 140 fenbendazole 141 flubendazole 144 levamisole 146 mebendazole 149 metrifonate 152 morantel 154 niclosamide 154 oxfendazole 156 oxibendazole 158 parbendazole 158 piperazine 160 praziquantel 162 thiophanate 171 tiabendazole 168

Pharyngostomoides sp. hosts 527 locality 527

Pharyngostomum cordatum 529 Pheasants

febantel 516 fenbendazole 514 gastrointestinal nematodes 507 Heterakis isolonche 505 mebendazole 513

Phenothiazine 410,491 Ascaridia 507, 510 Ascaris lumbricoides 251 benzimidazole resistance 449 Bunostomum 413--415 Capillaria 507,510 Chabertia 413,415 chickens 510 Cooperia 413--415 dosage 446 Draschia megastoma 445 drug resistance 447 Enterobius vermicularis 251, 283 equine strongyles 447 formulations 419,446,509 Gaigeria 415 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 413--415 Haemonchus contortus 105 Heterakis 507 Heterakis gallinarum 510 Nematodirus 413--415 Oesophagostomum 413--415 Ostertagia 413--415 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 449 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 photosensitization 409,413

piperazine 449 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 resistance 413 small strongyles 447,449 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 stilbazium iodide 251 Strongyloides 414,415 Strongyloides papil/osus 413 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,446,509 toxicity 409 trade name 446,509,657 trade names 509 Trichinella spiralis 333 Trichonema spp. 82 Trichostrongylus 413--415 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 413

Phocitrema sp. hosts 527 locality 527

Phoconaema host 237 intermediate hosts 237 morphology 237

Phopholipase C piperazine 161

703

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 135 ATP synthesis 135 cambendazole 135 fumarate reductase 135 lactate production 135 Moniezia expansa 135

Phosphorylase a disophenol 139

Phthallofyne 491 Physaloptera 488

dichlorvos 494 mebendazole 499

Physaloptera rara dithiazanine 492

Physocephalus sexalatus 464, 467 Picrotoxin

Angiostrongylus cantonensis 131 Pigeons 530

Ascaridia columbae 505 Cotugnia cuneata 598 Davainea proglottina 598 Echinoparyphium paraulum 529 fenbendazole 514 gastrointestinal nematodes 509

704

Pigeons haloxon 511 intestinal trematodes 529 levamisole 516 mebendazole 513 metyridine 511 Raillietina tetragona 598 tiabendazole 512

Pigs Artyfechinostomum malayanum 526 Brachylaemus suis 526 Echinochasmus perfoliatus 526 Echinostoma malayanum 526 Echinostoma revoltum 526 Euparyphium suinum 526 fasciolopiasis 525 Fasciolopsis buski 43 Gastrodiscoides hominis 525 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 525 gastrointestinal nematodes 463, 464,

470,472 Metagonimus yokogawai 526 paramphistomiasis 525 Spirometra mansonoides 561 Stephanoprora deniticulata 526 Stichorchis giganteus 525

Pi/a luzonica 550 Pilot run 642

practical organization 643 Pinworm disease 277 Pinworms 186

prevalences 184 Piperazine 282,294,452,491,493

Ancylostoma 491 Ascaridia 507, 508, 510 Ascaridia dissimilis 510 Ascaridia galli 510 ascarids 497 ascaris 631 Ascaris lumbricoides 161,253,256 Ascaris suum 161,472 Ascaris-muscle 165 assessment 254, 288 Capillaria 507, 508 choline kinase 161 clinical use 256 contraindications 255, 289 cost 641 dosage 255, 289, 470, 497 Draschia megastoma 445 efficacy 253,254,641 Enterobius vermicularis 288 fasciolopiasis 525 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 543 formulation 470,497, 509 Habronema spp. 445, 449 Heterakis 507,508

Hystrongylus rubidus 472 indications 497 kidneys 160 large intestine 160 length of treatment 641 liver 160

Subject Index

mass treatment 256,640,641 mode of action 161, 165 mode of administration 255, 289 muscles 160 nitrosation 161 Oesophagostomum 471,472 Oxyuris equi 449 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 paralysis 132, 161 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 periodic deworming 631 pharmacokinetics 160 phospholipase 161 precautions 255, 289 Probstmayra vivipara 445 side effects 255,289,492, 641 small intestine 160 small strongyles 449 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 stomach 160 Strongyloides 449 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 470,497, 509 toxicology 161 Toxocara 491 trade names 470, 509, 657 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris trichiura 364 turkeys 510 Uncinaria 491 urine 160

Piperazine and pyrvinium Ascaris lumbricoides 276

Piperazine and tiabendazole Ascaris lumbricoides 277 hookworms 235

Pirenella conica 548 Heterophyes heterophyes 45

Plagiorchis anatinus ducks 530 hosts 530

Subject Index

Plagiorchis javanensis 554 Plagiorchis muris 554 Plagiorchis philippinensis 554 Plasmodium 639 Plecoglossus altivelis 548

Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium latum

praziquantel 623 Pleuroceridae 546 Polypylis hemisphaerula

Fasciolopsis buski 43 Pomegranate root bark

tapeworm infections 557 Potamididae 546 Powdered areca nut

tapeworm infections 557 Powdered rhizomes of male ferns 491 Praziquantel 535,593, 598, 613

absorption 620,621 adult cestode infections 621 Ancylostoma caninum 164 approximate % cured 624 calcium 163, 164 cancerogenic effects 163 cerebral cysticercosis 5 cestodes 536 cestodiasis 5 clinical trials 621 Clonorchis sinensis 536 Coenurus 624 Cysticercus bovis 622 Cysticercus cellulosae 622, 624 Davainea proglottina 590 Diphyllobothrium 588 Diphyllobothrium latum 5, 622, 624 Diphyllobothrium pacificum 622, 624 Dip/ogonoporus grandis 164 Dipylidium caninum 163,622 dose 624 Echinococcus granulosus 589, 623 Echinococcus multilocularis 589 echinostomatidiasis 554 efficacy 588 Fasciola hepatica 162, 164 fasciolopsiasis 545, 554 Fasci%psis buski 536, 543 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Heterophyes sp. 536 heterophyidiasis 554 hydatic cysts of Echinococcus

multilocularis 623 Hymenolepis diminuta 162 Hymenolepis nana 5,589,620,624 intestinal flukes 536 Istmiophora melis 536 Joyeuxiella pasqualei 588

larval cestode infection 622 magnesium 164 Mesocestoides 588 Mesocestoides corti 589 metabolites 162,621

705

Metagonimus yokogawai 164,536,547 mode of action 163 Moniezia 590 Multiceps multiceps 589 mutagenic activity 163 Na + ,K + -adenosine triphosphatase

inhibition 163 neurocysticercosis 623 ovicidal 622 Paragonimus westermani 163 Paragonismus sp. 536 paralysis 164 peak serum levels 620 pharmacokinetics 162 plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium

latum 623 positive inotropic effect 163 Raillietina cesticillus 590 Schistosoma japonicum 164 Schistosoma mansoni 163, 164 schistosomes 536 serum 162 Spirometra 588 Stilesia hepatica 590 Taenia crassiceps 589 Taenia hydatigena 589 Taenia pisiformis 163, 589 Taenia saginata 5,589,622,624 Taenia solium 5,622,624 Taenia taeniae/ormis 589 Taenia taenia/ormis 620 tegumentallesions 164 thin-layer gas-chromatographic assay

621 Thysanosoma actinioides 590 toxicology 162, 590, 621 trade names 657 Trichuris vulpis 164 urine 162

Prevalences 184 Pricetrema sp.

hosts 527 locality 527

Probenzimidazoles 431,470,478,516 Probstmayria

cambendazole 452 dichlorvos 450 fenbendazole 453 levamisole 451 mebendazole 453 oxibendazole 454

706

Probstmayria tiabendazole 452

Probstmayria vivipara 443, 445 Procercovum calderoni 545 Production

ostertagiasis 68 Prolactin 84 Promethazine

Enterobius vermicularis 283 Prosthodendrium glandulosum

hosts 527 locality 527

Prosthodindrium molenkampi life cycle 552 morphology 552

Prosthogonimus pellucidus hosts 530

Protection gastrointestinal nematodes 73 Haemonchus contortus 73

Protofasciola robusta elephants 529, 535 rafoxanide 529, 535

Pseudodiscus collinsi 525, 529 Pseudogobio esocinus

Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Pseudophyllidea 560,614 Pulex irritans

Diphilobothrium latum 50 Hymenolepis diminuta 51

Puma fenbendazole 499 levamisole 496

Pumpkin seeds 491 tapeworm infections 557

Pygidiopsis sp. hosts 527 locality 527

Pygidiopsis summa 545, 547 Pyrantel 5, 154, 164,409,450,494,631

acetylcholine 165 acetylcholinesterase 165 Amidostomum 508 Amidostomum anseris 515 Ascaridia 507 Ascaridia galli 515 Ascaris 474 Ascaris suum 472 Ascaris-muscle 165 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 Bunostomum 414,415,417,428 Capillaria 507 Capillaria obsignata 515 Chabertia 415,417,428 chickens 515 cooperia 414,415,417,428 cost 641

depolarization 165 dosage regime 470 Draschia 451 Draschia megastoma 445 efficacy 641

Subject Index

formulations 419,470,509 Gaigeria 415,417,428 ganglionic synapses 165 geese 515 Habronema spp. 445, 451 Haemonchus 414,415,417,428 Heterakis 507 Heterakis gallinarum 515 Hyostrongylus 474 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 length of treatment 641 mass treatment 640,641 mode of action 165 Nematodirus 414,415,417,428 nicotinic receptor 165 oesophagostomum 414,415,417,428,

472,474 Ostertagia 414,415,417,428 Oxyuris 451 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 451 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 pharmacology 165 Probstmayra vivipara 445 product names 419 side effects 641 small strongyles 451 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 414,415,417,451 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,470, 509 toxicology 165 trade names 470,509,657 Trichostrongylus 341,414,415,417,

428 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris 474, 495 Trichuris suis 472

Pyrantel and oxantel Ascaris lumbricoides 273, 498 assessment 273 contraindications 273 dosage 273, 498 formulation 498

Subject Index

hookwonns 272,498 mode of administration 273 precautions 273 side effects 273 supplier 498 trade name 657 Trichostrongylus 341 Trichuris trichiura 272, 498

Pyrante1 pamoate Ancylostoma caninum 225 Ancylostoma duodenale 225 ascariasis 4 ascarids 498 Ascaris 225 Ascaris lumbricoides 270 assessment 225,271,289 Capillaria phi/ippinensis 303 contraindications 227,272,290,325,

365 dosage 226, 272, 290, 325, 363, 446,

498 enterobiasis 4 Enterobius vermicularis 225,270,289,

290 fonnulation 446, 498 hookwonn infections 4 hookwonns 225,228,498 indications 498 individual treatment 228, 272 mass treatment 228, 272 mode of action 272 mode of administration 226, 290, 325,

365 Necator americanus 225 precautions 227,272,290,325,365 side effects 227,272,290,325,365 Strongyloides stercoralis 325 supplier 446, 498 Ternidens deminutus 329 trade name 446, 498, 657 Trichinella spiralis 334, 336 Trichuris trichiura 225, 365

Pyrantel tartrate dosage 446 fonnulation 446 supplier 446 trade name 446, 657

Pyrethrines 250 Pyrvinium pamoate 294

assessment 291,317,318,366 carbohydrate uptake 166 contraindications 292, 318, 366 dosage 292, 318, 366 Enterobius vermicularis 166, 291, 292 mass treatment 292 mode of administration 292, 318, 366

precautions 292, 318, 366 side effects 292, 318, 366 Strongyloides stercoralis 317 trade name 657 Trichuris trichiura 365, 366

Quantrel 363 see also Pyrantel and oxantel

Quinicrine 613

Rabies 487 Rafoxanide 529

benzimidazole-resistant H. contortus 427

blindness in sheep 428 Bunostomum 414-416,427 Chabertia 15,427 Cooperia 414-416 Fasciola hepatica 140, 166 fonnulations 419 Gaigeria 415 Haemonchus 414-416 mitochondrial phosphorylation 166 mode of action 166 Nematodirus 414-416 Oesophagostomum 414-416 Ostertagia 414-416 paramphistomes 534 product names 419 Protofasciola robusta 535 resistance 4l3,428 safety index 140 Strongyloides 414-416 suppliers 419 toxicology 166 trade name 657 trichostrongylus 414-416

Raillietina birds 598

707

bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 cesticillus 574 cysticercoids 574 di-n-buty1 tin di1aurate 581,598 echinobothrida 574 fowl 598 niclosamide 583, 598 tetragona 574 turkey 598

Raillietina cesticillus praziquantel 590

Raillietina tetragona birds 598 niclosamide 598 pigeon 598

Rats Hymenolepis diminuta 559

708

Red stomach worm 466 Reptiles

intermediate host 559 Resistance

albendazole 413 naftalofos 413 oxfendazole 413 oxibendazole 413 phenothiazine 413 rafoxanide 413 thiophanate 413

Resistance to Cooperia oncophora 75 Haemonchus contortus 74, 75 Nematodirus helvetianus 75 Ostertagia ostertagi 75 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 75 Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 74

Resorantel 140 cestodes 597 echinostomes 526 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 535 paramphistomes 523-525, 535 trade name 657

Ringworm 487 Rockefeller control campaign

ancylostomiasis 633 Rotaviruses 639 Roundworms

prevalences 184 symptoms 184

Ruminants Avitellina 572 Helictometra 572 intestinal trematodes 521 Moniezia 572 Moniezia benedeni 572 Moniezia pallid a 572 Stilesia 572 Thysanosoma 572

Salangichthys microdon 548 Salicylanilides 427

fascioliasis 532 Haemonchus contortus 532 intestinal trematodes 532 tapeworms 532 toxic effects 532

Salmon poisoning 528 Salmonella 639 Sanitation 190, 646 Santonin 282

Echinostoma ilocanum 550 echinostomiasis 550 intestinal capillariasis 550

Sashimi fillets 237

Schistogonimus rarus ducks 530 hosts 530

Schistosoma haematobium cholinesterase 153 metrifonate 153

Schistosoma japonicum cercariae 9 egg 9 mathematical model 9 miracidium 9 praziquantel 164 sporocysts 9

Subject Index

Schistosoma mansoni amoscanate 206 cholinesterase 153 metrifonate 153 neuromuscular system 163 praziquantel 162-164 tegument 10

Schistosomes amoscanate 127 Bradley's model 10 intermediate host 9 MacDonald's model 9 mathematical model 9, 10 praziquantel 536 vertebrate host 9

Schistosomiasis amoscanate 205 control programs 9 epidemiology 8 helminthic diseases 8 mathematical model 9 mathematical models 8 Schistosoma japonicum 9

Scotch adhesive tape method 280 Seatworm infection 277 Second intermediate hosts

Diphyllobothrium latum 561 Secondary immune deficiency 1 Segmentina 542, 544 Self-cure

gastrointestinal nematodes 73 Haemonchus contortus 73 host resistance 74 nematodes 73 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 74 Trichostrogylus retortaeformis 73'

Semen contra 250 Semisulcospira

coreana 548 libertina 548

Semisulcospira libertina Metagonimus yokogawai 46

Serotonin

Subject Index

Fasciola hepatica 143 fenbendazole 143 metabolism of amino acids 143

Sheep 421-425,427-432 albendazole 126, 127 albendazole sulfone 126 albendazole sulfoxide 126 Avitellina 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cambendazole 598 control strategies 114 fenbendazole 598 gastrointestinal nematodes 114, 116,

415,417 Helictometra giardi 598 inhibited larvae 418 mixed grazing 115, 116 Moniezia 598 oxfendazole 598 Stilesia globipunctata 598 Stilesia hepatica 598 Thysanosoma actinioides 598

Sheep measles 568 Shigella 639 Shinesiba 237 Sigmodon hispidus 297 Simondsia paradoxa 464, 467 Small strongyles L4 445 Small strongyles L5 445 Snakes

Spirometra theileri 562 Sodium fluoride

ascaris 471 Sparganum 562,614 Sparganum proliferum 562 Spelotrema brevicaeca 554 Speothus venaticus 571 Spiramycin

Enterobius vermicularis 282 trade name 657

Spirometra bunamidine 598 dog 598 life cycle 561 mansonoides 614 praziquantel 598 proliferum 614

Spirometra erinacei 561 nitroscanate 587 praziquantel 588

Spirometra mansonoides 562 bunamidine hydrochloride 585 cats 561 dogs 561 geographical distribution 561 pigs 561

Spirometra theileri final hosts 562 frogs 562 man 562 snakes 562

Spirura ritypleuritis 488 Spiruroidea 467 Spring rise 88 SQ 21,704 595

Dipylidium caninum 596 Echinococcus granulosus 596 hookworms 597 Taenia hydatigena 596 Taenia pisiformis 596 Taenia taeniaeformis 596 toxicity 597

Stellantchasmus falcatus 545 formosanus 545 pseudocirratus 545

Stellantochasmusfalcatus 529,548 hosts 527 locality 527

Stephanoprora deniticulata pigs 526

Stichorchis giganteus pigs 525

Stichtodora fuscata 545 Stictodora sawakinensis

hosts 527 locality 527

Stilbazium iodide Ascaris lumbricoides 251 dosage 349 Enterobius vermicularis 251,283 side effects 349 trade name 657 Tricuris trichiura 349

Stilesia ruminants 572

Stilesia globipunctata 573 albendazole 598

709

bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cambendazole 598 cattle 598 fenbendazole 598 niclosamide 598 praziquantel 598 sheep 598

Stilesia hepatica 573 albendazole 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cattle 598 nic10samide 583, 590 praziquantel 590, 598 sheep 598

710

Strephanopharynx compacta 522 Streptomyces avermitilis 479

avermectins 129 Streptomyces chrestomyceticus 595 Streptomyces griseocarneus 595 Streptomyces lisandri 595 Streptomyces rimosus 595 Streptomyces rimosus forma

paromomycinus paromomycin 160

Strongyles drug resistance 448

Strongylidae 443 epidemiology 444 prevention 444 treatment 444

Strongylinae egg output 444 epidemiology 444 prepatent period 444

Strongyloides 83 albendazole 414-417,426,455 bephenium 414,415 bromoxanide 415 cambendazole 452,476 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415 coumafos 414 dichlorvos 450 disophenol 415 dithiazanine 492 febantel 414-417,432,455,478 fenbendazole 414-417,423,454,477 fenclofos 414,415 flubendazole 478 haloxon 414,415 incidence 464 ivermectin 414-417,455,456 levamisole 414-417,430,451 mebendazole 415,453,477 metyridine 414,415 migrating larvae 453 morantel 414,415,417 naftalofos 414,415 nitroxynil 414,415,417 oxfendazole 414-417,425,454,477 oxibendazole 414-417,424,454 parbendazole 414-417,422,476 phenothiazine 14,415,449 pyrantel 414,415,417,451 rafoxanide 414-416 thiophanate 414-417 tiabendazole 414,415,452,475 tioxidazole 455 trichlorfon 414,415,449,471

Strongyloides folleborni 183, 307, 308

apes 33 human infections 33 prevalence 313

Strongyloides papil/osus phenothiazine 413 tiabendazole 421

Strongyloides ransomi 464 adult worms 465 cambendazole 472 colostrum 465 dichlorvos 472 febantel 472 fenbendazole 472 flubendazole 472 haloxon 472 infective larvae 465 levamisole 472, 474 mebendazole 472 oxfendazole 472 oxibendazole 472 parbendazole 472 pathogenicity 465 piperazine 472 prepatend period 469 pyrantel 472

Subject Index

tiabendazole 472 transplacental infection 465 treatment frequency 469 trichlorfon 472

Strongyloides spp. colostrum 85

Strongyloides stercoralis 1,183,339,488, 633 albendazole 318,319 amidantel 204 apes 33 assessment 320 autoinfective cycle 308 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 315 bismuth carbonate 315 cambendazole 319 cambendazole, mebendazole, and

tinidazole 328 cambendazole and mebendazole 327 clinical profile 311 contraindications 320 control 34 coproculture 189 defense mechanisms 311 diagnosis 4, 311 direct parasitic cycle 308 dithiazanine iodide 315-317 dogs 33 dosage 320 eggs 312 epidemiology 34, 309

Subject Index

fenbendazole 320, 321 free-living cycle 309 free-living females 308 free-living generations 34 gentian violet 314 geographical distribution 33,312 host 309 human infections 33 immunology 311 levamisole 322, 323 life cycle 308 mass treatment 276 mebendazole 225, 323 mode of administration 320 pathology 310 precautions 320 prevalence 313 pyrantel pamoate 325 pyrvinium pamoate 317 side effects 320 the parthenogenetic females 307 tiabendazole 274, 325, 326, 496 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 transmission 34

Strongyloides westeri 443, 445, 448 Strongyloidiasis 307

chemotherapy 4, 34 health education 34 immunological resistance of the host

34 prevalences 33

Strongyloids ivermectin 479 prevalences 184

Strongylus edentatus 443, 445 Strongylus equinus 443, 445 Strongylus vulgaris 443, 445 Stunting

Ostertagia ostertagi 85 Styrylpyridinium 492 Substituted phenols

fascioliasis 532 Haemonchus contortus 532 intestinal trematodes 532 tapeworms 532 toxic effects 532

Suchi 237 Sunomono 237 Syngamus trachea

mebendazole 149,170 Syphacia muris

mebendazole 149 Syphacia obvelata

albendazole 202

Taenia 189, 575, 596

arecoline acetarsol 580 arecoline hydro bromide 577 bunamidine 598

711

bunamidine hydrochloride 585 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 crassiceps 589, 593, 594, 614 cysticercus 614 Cysticercus bovis 567 Cysticercus cellulosae 567 Cysticercus fasciolaris 567 Cysticercus ovis 567 Cysticercus pisiformis 567 Cysticercus tenuicollis 567 definitive host 567 dichlorophen 581 diuredosan 598 dog 598 geographical distribution 567 hydatigena 567,577,585,587,589,594,

596 Hymenolepis nana 596 intermediate host 567 mebendazole 593, 594 multiceps 585 niclosamide 582,598,614,615,624 nitroscanate 587,588,598 ovis 567, 577, 594 pisiformis 567,577,585,587, 589, 593,

596 praziquantel 589,598,622,624 preferred site of larva 567 saginata 567, 589, 594, 613-615, 617,

622 serialis 577 solium 567,613-615,617,622 SQ 21,704 596 taeniaeformis 567, 585, 589, 593, 596 type of larval stage 567

Taenia crassiceps cambendazole 591

Taenia hydatigena 568 cambendazole 591 cattle 568 Cysticercus tenuicollis 568 fospirate 597 goats 568 niclosamide 582 oxfendazole 591 pigs 568 sheep 568

Taenia krabbei 568 Taenia multiceps

coenurus 614 Coenurus cerebralis 570

Taenia ovis 564 Cysticercus ovis 568

712

Taenia ovis niclosamide 582

Taenia pisiformis 568 albendazole 202 axenomycins 595 praziquantel 163

Taenia saginara chemotherapy 4 mebendazole 4

Taenia saginata albendazole 593 cattle 56 clinical manifestations 56 control 56 cysticercus bovis 55, 569 diagnosis 56 eggs 55,56 enzyme electrophoresis 56 epidemiology 55, 58 geographical distribution 54 immunity 57,569 life cycle 58 life cylce 54 morphology 54, 57 praziquantel 5 prevention 56 proglottids 54-56, 58 transmission 2

Taenia serialis Coenurus serialis 570

Taenia solium 59 autoinfections 58 chemotherapy 4 clinical manifestations 58 control 58 cysticercus cellulosae 58, 569 diagnosis 56 eggs 2,56,618 enzyme electrophoresis 56 epidemiology 58 geographical distribution 54, 57 life cycle 54, 57, 58 mebendazole 4,618 morphology 54, 57 niclosamide 618 praziquantel 5 prevention 58 proglottids 54, 58 transmission 2

Taenia spp. 213 dog 558

Taenia taeniaeformis 569 bunamidine 598 cats 598 Cysticercus fasciolaris 570 Hymenolepis nana 595 Hymenolopis diminuta 595

niclosamide 582, 598 nitroscanate 588 paromomycin 595 praziquante1 598, 620 strobilocercus 563

Taeniarynchus saginatus 569 Taeniidae 565

coenurus 566 cysticercus 566 diagnosis 566 domesticated animals 567 hydatid 566 strobilocercus 566

Tapeworm 495 ticarbodine 500

Subject Index

Tapeworm infections 558, 559 animals 557 arecoline 557 dichlorophen 557 economic importance 557 kamala 557 kousso 557 lead arsenate 557 male fern 557 man 613 mepacrine 557 niclosamide 534 panna 557 paramphistomes 532 pomegranate root bark 557 powdered areca nut 557 pumpkin seeds 557 salicylanilides 532 substituted phenols 532 tin compounds 557 turpentine 557

TeE 306 Trichinella spiralis 333

TED3 Enterobius vermicularis 282

Tenebrio molitor Hymenolepis diminuta 51

Teranova 14 anisakiasis 12 decipiens 12 eggs 13 epidemiology 13 first intermediate hosts 13 geographical distribution 12 life cycle 13 morphology 13 second intermediate hosts 13 second-stage larva 13

Ternidens 646 Ternidens deminutus 183, 193

bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 329

Subject Index

carbon tetrachloride 329 diagnosis 328 eggs 35 geographical distribution 34, 329 host 328 life cycle 35 morphology 35 oil of chenopodium 329 prevalence 34, 329 pyrantel pamoate 329 tiabendazole 329

Ternidens or false hookworm infection 328

Tetrachlorethylene 167,491 fasciolopiasis 525 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 531 hookworm 531

Tetrachloroethylene Ancylostoma duodenale 198 assessment 198 contraindications 199 cost 641 dosage 198 echinostomiasis 549 efficacy 641 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 hookworms 197-199 length of treatment 641 mass treatment 640,641 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 mode of administration 198 Nanophyetes salmincolla 528 Necator americanus 198 precautions 199 side effects 199,641

Tetrahydropyrimidines 428,450,470, 474,494,515

Tetrameres americana mebendazole 513

Tetramisole 4,146,217,357,474,495 anthelmintic activity 145 Echinochasmus 535 echinostomiasis 528 Globocephalus urosubulatus 475 mode of action 148 paralysis 148 paramphistomes 523 trade name 657 Trichinella spiralis 334 Trichuris 475

Tetrathyridium 564 Thenium

Ancylostoma caninum 493 contraindications 493

Uncinaria stenocephala 493 Thenium closylate 493 Thenium closylate + piperazine

ascarids 497 dosage regime 497 formulation 497 hookworms 497 indications 497 supplier 497 tradename 497, 657

Thiaridae 546 Thiophanate 134

Ascaris 479 Bunostomum 414-417 Chabertia 15,417 Cooperia spp. 412,414,417 dosage regime 470 formulations 419,470 fungi 170 Gaigeria 415,417 Haemonchus 414-417 Hyostrongylus 479 Nematodirus 414-417 Oesophagostomum 414-417,479 Ostertagia 414-417 Ostertagia ostertagi 412,418 pharmacokinetics 171 product names 419 resistance 413 Strongyloides 414-417 suppliers 419,470 toxicology 171 trade name 470 Trichostrongylus 414-417 Trichuris 479

Threadworms dithiazanine iodide 497

Thymol Fasciolopsis buski 543 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 hookworms 202 mass treatment 640 Trichinella spiralis 333

Thysanoessa inermis 237 Thysanoessa raschii 237 Thysanosoma

cambendazole 591 dichlorophen 581 ruminants 572

Thysanosoma actinioides 573, 593 albendazole 593, 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cattle 598 niclosamide 583, 590 praziquantel 590, 598 sheep 598

713

714

Tiabendazole 292,294,306,427,590 absorption 168 Ancylostoma braziliense 496 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 299 Angiostrongylus costaricensis 298 Ascaridia 507, 509 Ascaridia columbae 512 Ascaridia galli 512 Ascaris 475 Ascaris lumbricoides 274 Ascaris suum 472 Aspiculuris tetraptera 170 assessment 230, 274, 293, 303, 336, 366 Bunostomum 414,415 Bunostomum phlebotomum 421 Capillaria 507, 509 Capillaria obsignata 512 Capillaria philippinensis 301, 303 Chabertia 15 Chabertia ovina 421 chelating agent 167 chickens 512 contraindications 232,275,293, 304,

327, 367 Cooperia 414,415,421 cost 641 cutaneous larva migrans 4 cytochrome P-450 168 dosage 231,275,293,304,327,337,

367,470 Draschia megastoma 445 drug resistance 412,447 efficacy 641 Enterobius vermicularis 293 eurytremiasis 524 excretion 168 Fasciola hepatica 169 formulations 419,446,470,509 fumarate reductase 169 Fungi 170 gaigeria 415 Gaigeria pachyscelis 421 Gnathostoma 296 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 414,415,421 Haemonchus contortus 168-170 Heterakis 507 hookworms 230 5-hydroxylation 168 Hymenolepis diminuta 169 Hyostrongylus 475 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 larva migrans 274 length of treatment 641 levamisole-resistant O. circumcincta

430

mass treatment 640,641 membrane resistance 127 metabolites 168 milk 168 mode of action 169

Subject Index

mode of administration 275,293,327, 337, 367

Nematodirus 414,415,421 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 169 nocodazole 170 Oesophagostomum 414,415,472,475 Oesophagostomum radiatum 421 Ostertagia 414,415,421 ovicidal 476 Oxyuris 452 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 452 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 periodic deworming 631 pharmacokinetics 168 pigeons 512 plasma 168 precautions 232,275,293,304,327,

367 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Probstmayria 452 product names 419 side effects 231,275,293,304,327,337,

367,641 small strongyles 447 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 414,415,452,475 Strongyloides papillosus 421 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongyloides stercoralis 274, 325-327,

496 Strongyloides westeri 445 strongyloidiasis 4 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 suppliers 419,446,470,509 Ternidens deminutus 329 toxicology 169 Toxocara canis 496 trade names 446,470,509,657 Trichinella spiralis 274, 333, 336, 475 Trichostrongylus 274,341,414,415,

421 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 168, 169 Trichuris 421 Trichuris suis 472

Subject Index

Trichuris trichiura 366, 367 Trichuris vulpis 496 tubulin 170

Tiabendazole and levamisole Ancylostoma duodenale 232 Ascaris lumbricoides 232 dosage 233 mode of administration 233 Necator americanus 232 side effects 233 Strongyloides stercoralis 232

Tiabendazole and pyrvinium pamoate assessment 233 dosage 233 hookworms 233 mode of administration 233 side effects 233 Trichuris trichiura 367

Tiabendazole + piperazine dosage 446 formulation(s) 446 supplier(s) 446 trade name 446, 658

Tiabendazole + trichlorfon dosage 446 formulation(s) 446 supplier(s) 446 trade name 446

Ticarbodine ascarids 500 hookworms 500 tapeworms 500 Trichuris vulpis 500

Tiger fenbendazole 499 levamisole 496

Tilapa nilotica Heterophyes heterophyes 45

Tilapia mozambica 550 Corbicula lindoensis 42

Tilapia nilotica 547 Tin 613 Tin compounds 581

tapeworm infections 557 Tinidazole 294 Tinidazole and flubendazole

assessment 234 giardiasis 234 hookworms 234 side effects 234

Tiophanate Chabertia 431 Cooperia 431 embryotoxic effect 431 Haemonchus 431 Nematodirus 431

Oesophagostomum 431 Ostertagia 431 Trichostrongylus 431 Trichuris 431

Tioxidazole Draschia 455 Draschia megastoma 445 Habronema 455 Habronema spp. 445 hookworms 500 Oxyuris 455 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris 455 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Probstmayra vivipara 445 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 455 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Toxascaris leonina 500 Trichostrongylus 455 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris vulpis 500

Toxascaris leonina 2,247,488,640 nitrodan 493 nitroscanate 496, 587 paratenic hosts 489 tioxidazole 500

Toxicology 134,147,171 albendazole 127 amidantel 129 amoscanate 128 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 bithionol 132 bitoscanate 133 ciclobendazole 136 closantel 136 dichlorophen 138 disophenol 139 febantel 141 fenbendazole 143 flubendazole 144 mebendazole 150 metrifonate 153 morantel 154 niclosamide 154 organic phosphorus compounds 409 oxfendazole 157 oxibendazole 158 parbendazole 159 phenothiazine 409

715

716

Toxicology piperazine 161 praziquantel 162 pyrantel 165 rafoxanide 166 tiabendazole 169

Toxocara albendazole 499 Ancylostoma caninum 499 hygiene 489 larvae 489 periodic deworming 489 piperazine 491 somatic larvae 499

Toxocara canis 84,487,640 albendazole 202 amidantel 204 diagnosis 247 endocrinal signals 634 life cycle 488 metyridine 493 nitrodan 493 nitroscanate 496, 587 tiabendazole 496

Toxocara cati 487-489, 640 diagnosis 247 nitroscanate 588

Toxocara spp. 2 arrested development 79

Traditional drugs 250 Traditional natural drugs 196 Trapa

bicomis 544 notans 544

Tribolium spp. Hymenolepis diminuta 51

Tribolodon hakonensis 548 Trichinella

trichlorfon 471 Trichinella nativa

trichinellosis 37 Trichinella nelsoni

trichinellosis 37 Trichinella spiralis 2, 183, 464, 467, 488

betanaphthol 333 cambendazole 334 clinical profile 331 clofazole 334 diagnosis 331 diethylcarbamazine 334 dithiazanine 334 epidemiology 36, 330 fenbendazole 334 flubendazole 334, 335 geographical distribution 35, 332 hexylresorcinol 333 host 330

levamisole 334, 335 life cycle 35 mebendazole 334-336 metronidazole 333 metyridine 334 morphology 35

Subject Index

organophosphorous compounds 334 parbendazole 334 pathology 330 phenothiazine 333 piperazine 334 prevalence 332 pyrantel pamoate 334, 336 TeE 333 tetramisole 334 thymol 333 tiabendazole 274, 333, 336, 475 trichinellosis 37

Trichinellosis 35 immunity 37

Trichiuriasis prevalence 632

Trichlorfon 200, 252, 452, 456 Amidostomum 508 Amidostomum anseris 512 Ascaris suum 471, 472 Ascarops strongylina 471 Bunostomum 414,415 Chabertia 415 Cooperia 414,415 dosage 446, 470 Draschia megastoma 445 formulation 446,470,509 Gaigeria 415 Gasterophilus 449 geese 512 Habronema spp. 445 Haemonchus 414,415,420 Hyostrongylus 471 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Nematodirus 414,415 Oesophagostomum 414,415,471,472 Ostertagia 414,415 Oxyuris equi 449 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 paramphistomes 523, 535 Parascaris 449 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Probstmayra vivipara 445 small strongyles 449 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides 414,415,449,471 Strongyloides ransomi 472

Subject Index

Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 supplier 446, 470, 509 trade name 446,470,509 Trichinella 471 Trichostrongylus 414,415 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris suiss 471

Trichodectes spp. Diphilobothrium latum 50

Trichonema spp. phenothiazine 82

Trichostrogylus retortaeJormis self-cure 73

Trichostrongyliasis 337 Trichostrongylosis

tiabendazole 274 Trichostrongylus 193, 646

albendazole 414-417,426,427 arrested development 79 axei 38 benzimidazole-resistant strains 410,

426 Bephenium 414,415 Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 340 bitoscanate 340 brevis 38 bromoxanide 415 cambendazole 452 clioxanide 415,417 closantel 415,428 colubriformis 38 control 39 coumafos 414 developing larvae 425 diagnosis 328, 338 dichlorvos 450 disophenol 415,420 drug resistance 412 eggs 38,39,312 epidemiology 39 febantel 414-417,431,455 fenbendazole 414-418,423,424 fenclofos 414,415 flubendazole 340 geographical distribution 38, 339 haloxon 414,415 hexylrescorcinol 339 host 338 inhibited larvae 424,425 instabilis 38 ivermectin 414-417,433,455 lerouxi 38

717

levamiso1e 340,414-417,430,433,451 1evamiso1e pour-on formulation 409 life cycle 38, 338 mebendazole 225,341,415,453 metyridine 414,415 morantel 414,415,417,429 morphology 38 naftalofos 414,415 nitroxynil 414,415,417 orientalis 38 oxfendazole 414-418,425,426,433 oxibendazole 414-417,424 parasite 337 parbendazole 414-417,421,422,453 phenothiazine 14,413,415 prevalence 339 prevention 39 probolurus 38 pyrantel 341,414,415,417,428 pyrantel and oxante1 341 rafoxanide 414-416 skrajabini 38 thiophanate 414-417,431 tiabendazole 341,414,415,421 tioxidazole 455 trichlorfon 414,415 vitrinus 38

Trichostrongylus axei 115,443 albendazole 445 cambendazole 445 dichlorvos 445 fen ban tel 445 fenbendazole 445, 454 haloxon 445 ivermectin 445 levamisole 445 mebendazole 445 oxfendazole 445, 454 oxibendazole 445, 454 parbendazole 445 phenothiazine 445 piperazine 445 pyrantel 445 tiabendazole 445 tioxidazole 445 trichlorfon 445

Trichostrongylus colubriformis 338,410 benzimidazole-resistant 141, 410 drug resistance 412 fenbendazole 141 host resistance 75 oxfendazole 156 resistant strains 75,411 tiabendazole 168, 169

Trichostrongylus retortaeJormis arrested larval development 80

718

Trichostrongylus retortaeJormis host resistance 74 resistance to 74 self-cure 74 worm burden 74

Trichostrongylus rugatus 338 Trichostrongylus tenuis

mebendazole 513 Trichuriasis 39,342,467 Trichuris 489, 646

albendazole 478 coumafos 418 eggs 2 febantel 478, 479 fenbendazole 423, 477 flubendazole 215,478 incidence 464 ivermectin 479 levamisole 430, 475 mebendazole 4, 225, 477 metrifonate 200 morantel 474 oxantel 474 oxfendazole 425, 477 oxibendazole 424,478 parbendazole 422 phenothiazine 413 pyrantel 474, 495 tetramisole 475 thiophanate 431,479 tiabendazole 421, 475 transmission 2

Trichuris muris 343 Trichuris ovis 343 Trichuris suis 343, 464

adult worms 467 cambendazole 472 clinical manifestations 467 diagnosis 467 dichlorvos 472 febantel 472 fenbendazole 472 flubendazole 472 haloxon 472, 473 levamisole 472 mebendazole 472 oxfendazole 472 oxibendazole 472 parbendazole 472 piperazine 472 prepatent period 469 pyrantel 472 tiabendazole 472 treatment frequency 469 trichlorfon 472

Trichuris suiss trichlorfon 471

Subject Index

Trichuris trichiura 228,240,272,301 albendazole 204, 353 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 354 Bromelain 347 bromo-p-naphthol 348 Chymotrypsin 347 ciclobendazole 354 control 41 diagnosis 345 dichlorvos 350, 351 diphetarsone 138, 349, 350 dithiazanine iodide 352 dynamics of infection 343 eggs 40,618 environmental sanitation 20 epidemiology 40, 344 flubendazole 355 geographical distribution 39, 346 host 344 Leche de higueron 347 levamisole 267,357 life cycle 40, 343 mass chemotherapy 41 mebendazole 358,362,618 metrifonate 350,351 morphology 40, 342 organophosphorous compounds 350 oxantel 362, 363 oxantel and pyrantel 363 oxantel pamoate 5 pathology 344 piperazine 364 prevalence 20,346,347 prevalences 29,39 prevention 41 pyrantel pamoate 225, 365 pyrvinium pamoate 365, 366 stilbazium iodide 349 tiabendazole 366, 367 tiabendazole and pyrvinium pamoate

367 transmission 40

Trichuris vulpis 343, 488 albendazole 202 dichlorvos 494 diuredosan 596 metyridine 493 nitroscanate 496, 587, 588 praziquantel 164 tiabendazole 496 ticarbodine 500 tioxidazole 500

Triodontophorus spp. dichlorvos 450 pyrantel 451

Trithemis pallidinervis 553

Subject Index

Trochocorbis trochoideus Fasciolopsis buski 43

Tubulin Ascaris suum 143 brain 143, 151, 170 fungi 170 mebendazole 151 oxfendazole 157 parbendazole 159 tiabendazole 170

Tunnel anemia 191 Turkey

Amoebotaenia sphenoide 598 Choanotaenia infundibulum 598 Cotugnia digonopora 598 Davainea 598 Fimbriaria fasciolaris 598 Hymenolepis 598 Metroliasthes lucida 598 Raillietina 598

Turkeys Ascaridia dissimilis 505 Davainea meleagridis 574 gastrointestinal nematodes 508 levamisole 516 metyridine 511 parbendazole 512 piperazine 510

Turpentine tapeworm infections 557

Uncinaria piperazine 491

Uncinaria stenocephala 488, 489 amidantel 204 disophenol 139 nitrodan 493 nitroscanate 496, 587 thenium 493

Uncinariasis 191 Necator americanus 26

Uredofos 493 trade name 658

Urethane group Enterobius vermicularis 283

Vaginulus plebeius 11, 297 Vibrio 639 Vincofos 493 Viruses 639 Visceral larva migrans 487 Vitamin A 18 Vitamin B12

Diphyllobothrium latum 561,615 Diphylobothrium lalum 49

Wallabies Echinococcus granulosus 571

Whipworm 467,495 Whipworms 489, 494

dichlorvos 498 dithiazanine 492 dithiazanine iodide 497 fenbendazole 498 levamisole 498 mebendazole 498, 499 methyl benzene 492 nitroscanate 498 prevalences 184 pyrantel pamoate 498 pyrantel + oxantel 498 symptoms 184

Wildcat fenbendazole 499

Worm load symptoms 184

Worm trinity 646

Xenopsylla cheopis Hymenolepis diminuta 51

Xerophthalmia ascariasis 18

Yeast 639

Zizania aquatica 544 Zoonotic helminthic infections 2 Zygocotyle lunata 522

galliformes 530 hosts 530

Zygodontomys microtinus 297

719

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