Linking Words for Essay

Linking words

advantages and disadvantagesthe pros and consthe pluses and minusespositive and negative aspects

introducing arguments-- the first argument in a paragraphFirst of all,Firstly,*In the first place,*To start with,-- the second, third etc. argumentSecondly,A second point is thatAnother point is thatAlso,In addition (to this),Another thing,Furthermore,What is more,*Moreover,-- the last argument in a paragraphFinally,Last but not least,A final point is that- starting the opposing paragraphOn the other hand,On the minus side,However,*Having said that,*While that may be true, - introducing the conclusion (in the last paragraph)

To conclude,In conclusion,Overall,*Having considered all these arguments,*In sum,To sum up,On balance,All things considered,- stating personal opinionto my mindI (firmly) believe thatI feel thatI think that*it is my belief/opinion thatit seems to me thatin my opinion/viewthe way I see itas far as I'm concernedpersonally, I

- introducing a reasonbecause (of)due toowing to*on account ofasSince- introducing a resultin order toso thatso as toAs a result, / As a consequence,The result is thatconsequentlyso

*therefore*thus, which is why- introducing a contrasting ideabut*whereaswhileneverthelessnonethelessthoughalthougheven thoughdespitein spite ofyetthen againcontrary to (that)- introducing a similar ideaLikewise,as welltoo- introducing an examplefor examplefor instancean/another (good) example is such aslike- introducing a general opinionit has been suggested thatit's obvious thatit's clear thatit could be argued that / it is argued thatsome people claim/think/believe thatit seems thatthere is no doubt that

undoubtedly / indisputably / undeniably / unquestionably- introducing an explanationnamelyin other wordsthat isto put it another way

furthermore, to conclude, on balance, nevertheless, likewise a da ne pričam oundoubtedly / indisputably / undeniably / unquestionably

- ne ponavljati iste izraze (npr. česti povezivač kao however još može proći dvaput tijekom eseja, no triput je stvarno previše i na tom se skidaju bodovi, a najbolje bi bilo ako uspijete uopće ne ponavljati, upotrijebite npr. jednom first of all a drugi put firstly...)- ne koristiti ni previše ovih izraza, dakle ne njima započinjati baš svaku rečenicu- u ovu stavku povezanosti ("koherencija i kohezija") broji se i upotreba zavisno složenih rečenica te pravilna punktuacija (točka, zarez)

Udio u cijelome ispitu: 1/3.Sastavak se ocjenjuje prema ljestvici za ocjenjivanje koja se sastoji od četiriju kriterija:• Izvršenje zadatka(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Izvještaja i sastavaka u ZEROJ-u)• Koherencija i kohezija(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Dosljednosti i povezanosti u ZEROJ-u)• Vokabular(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Opsega vokabulara i sposobnosti korištenjavokabulara u ZEROJ-u)• Gramatika(usp. ilustrativnu ljestvicu za ocjenjivanje Gramatičke ispravnosti u ZEROJ-u).U tekstu koji slijedi objašnjen je svaki od kriterija.

Izvršenje zadatka odnosi se na dva glavna elementa:• Razradba zadane teme (razvija neku temu)• Struktura (sastavak – naglašavajući bitne argumente i navodeći pojedinosti koje

podržavaju iznesena shvaćanja).Kriterij Izvršenje zadatka odgovara na pitanje je li pristupnik obavio zadatak.Prvi element, Razradba zadane teme, odnosi se na pitanje je li pristupnik odgovorio na svedijelove zadatka ili samo na neke.Drugi element, Struktura, odnosi se na glavne misli (koliko jasno pristupnik naglašavaglavne misli), potporu (koliko su glavne misli poduprte dokazima i primjerima) i format(poštuje li pristupnik format sastavka koji sadrži uvod, glavni dio i zaključak).

Kriterij Koherencija i kohezija izveden je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje Dosljednosti ipovezanosti u ZEROJ-u (2005:129).Prema toj ljestvici korisnik:• može rabiti ograničen broj kohezivnih sredstava kako bi svoje izričaje povezao u jasan,dosljedan diskurs• može uspješno rabiti različite veznike kako bi jasno označio odnose između misli.Koherencija se odnosi na pitanje:• Kako lako čitatelj/ocjenjivač može pratiti slijed pristupnikovih misli?Kohezija se odnosi na pitanja:• Kako dobro pristupnik rabi kohezivna sredstava u svrhu povezivanja svojih misli?• Kako dobro pristupnik rabi pravila o strukturiranju odlomka u svrhu organiziranja načinapredstavljanja svojih ideja?

Vokabular se odnosi na dva glavna elementa:• raspon• točnost.Raspon vokabulara izveden je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje Opsega

vokabulara uZEROJ-u (2005:115).Prema toj ljestvici korisnik:• raspolaže dovoljno bogatim vokabularom da se može izraziti o temama iz područjavlastitoga interesa i o većini općih tema• može mijenjati formulaciju da bi izbjegao često ponavljanje, no vokabularni nedostatcimogu izazvati zastajkivanje i parafraziranje.Točnost vokabulara izvedena je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanje Sposobnostikorištenja vokabulara u ZEROJ-u (2005:115).Prema toj ljestvici kod korisnika:• ispravnost izbora vokabulara uglavnom je na visokoj razini, premda ponekad može doći dozamjene ili pogrješnoga izbora riječi, no bez zastoja u komunikaciji.

Gramatika se odnosi na dva glavna elementa:• raspon• točnost.Raspon gramatičkih struktura odnosi se na pitanje rabi li pristupnik složene strukture ilise mora oslanjati na uporabu jednostavnih struktura.Točnost gramatičkih struktura izvedena je iz ilustrativne ljestvice za ocjenjivanjeGramatičke ispravnosti u ZEROJ-u (2005:117).Prema toj ljestvici korisnik:• prilično dobro vlada gramatikom i ne pravi pogrješke koje mogu dovesti do nesporazuma• dobro vlada gramatikom; mogu se pojaviti povremeni previdi ili sporadične pogrješke temanje netočnosti u strukturi rečenice, ali to se događa rijetko i često se može naknadnoispraviti.

Animals used in experiments for medical purposes« Ožujak 30, 2011, 18:07:42 »

Citat: +1 One of the questions facing society today is whether animals should be used in scientific experimentation. some people believe there are reasons why animal testing should be done and others believe that animal testing is morally wrong. In these essay I would like to present arguments of both sides. Firstly, a good thing about testing animals is that many cures for diseases are found which helpspeople saving lives. The second point is that these same testings aren't done on human beings and of course people don't want to do experiments on other people, if they have animals. Finnaly, abig concern, as always, is money becouse it's a lot cheaper to do experiments on mice and rats than do some fancy experiments whixh demand a lot more money. On the oter hand, I believe that ther are more negative sides of anumal testings than the positive ones. For instance, those poor animals suffer, feel pain and tjat is wrong. No human life is more valuable than life of an animal. Secondly, animals are held in awful conditions, small caves and they will never come out of there, and experience a normal life. I believe that's cruel. The tird point is that sometimes anima testings are conucted without the need. For example, testings for cosmetics. There are a lot of cosmetic products which are not tested on animals and are still good and safe for people, and that opens a question why aren't all products like that, obviously it's possible. In conclusion I would like to say that it's a shame that animals have to be used for any scientific experiments. As far as I'm concerned I would do medical testings on people who are on death row i prison becouse they did horrible things, and would live innocent animals alone. However, until another way is found, I can see no other way of solving problems that effect both humans and animals. No one should be happy about this necessity and we have to find other methods.

337 riječi

Sugestije i kritike višee nego dobrodošle.I samo da pitam ako neko zna, oduzimaju li se bodovi ako imamo previše riječi?Za hrvatski znam da je tu automatski 0, ali dal je i z aengleski tak isto?

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One of the questions facing society our society is facing today is whether animals should be used in scientific experimentation. Some people believe there are reasons why animal testing should be done and others believe that animal testing is morally wrong. In these this essay I would like to present arguments of both sides. Firstly, a good thing about testing animals is that many cures for diseases are found which helpspeople saving lives ", [zarez!] which helps people save lives" ili "which help people save lives". The second point is that these same testings aren't done on human beings and of course people don't want to do experiments on other people, if they have animals. Finally, a big concern, as always, is money because it's a lot cheaper to do experiments on mice and rats than do some fancy experiments which demand a lot more money. On the other hand, I believe that ther are more negative sides of animal testings than the positive ones. For instance, those poor animals suffer, feel pain and that is wrong. No human life is more valuable than life of an animal. [?! na ovaj argument] Secondly, animals are held in awful conditions, small caves and they will never come out of there, and experience a normal life. I believe that's cruel. The third point is that sometimes animal testings are conducted without the need. For example, testings for cosmetics. There are a lot of cosmetic products which are not tested on animals and are still good and safe for people, and that opens a question why aren't all products like that, obviously it's possible. In conclusion I would like to say that it's a shame that animals have to be used for any scientific experiments. As far as I'm concerned I would do medical testings on people who are on death row in prison becouse they did horrible things, and would live innocent animals alone. However, until another way is found, I can see no other way of solving problems that effect both humans and animals. No one should be happy about this necessity and we have to find other methods.

Adult children living at home« Travanj 04, 2011, 21:36:23 »

Citat: +2 People have divided feelings about adult children living at home. While some point out how good it is for the whole family, others believe that they are



lazy and irresponsible. They think that they are incapable to be independent members of the society. The major advantage is that they are adults and they can help by making money for the whole family. It is also good for their parents because they are getting old, and they will be happy to have some help around the household and someone to talk to. In addition, they are saving a lot of money. Living with parents under the same roof is cheaper then living alone. On the other hand, in most cases they are incapable to live their own life. They do not know how to manage their finances and take responsibility for the obligations. Also, they usually do not have enough experience to live by themselves one day. Parents often do not want to push them away. They think that they are helping them but they are just raising adults with the needs of children. To sum up, adult children living at home definitely bring benefits. They are helping around the house and saving money. However, they are mostly limited by having too little space for their own growth. They do not have enough space to become responsible and hardworking adults.


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Odg: Adult children living at home« Travanj 04, 2011, 22:20:19 »

Citat: 0 Lijepo, samo kratak prijedlog, drugi puta slobodno iskoristis capable of*, to je ujedno i ljepsi nacin izrazavanja.

take responsibilities for the obligations? Kako se to tocno 'uzima odgovornost

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prema obavezama' ? Obaveze ispunjavas odgovorno! Prepravit malo...Inace ne volim prevadat, al u ovom slucaju se nadam da ce ukazat na besmislenost.


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Odg: Adult children living at home« Rujan 01, 2011, 19:14:03 »

Citat: +2 Citat: martina92 - Travanj 04, 2011, 21:36:23 People have divided feelings about adult children living at home. While some point out how good it is for the whole family, others believe that they are lazy and irresponsible. They think that they are incapable to be of being independent members of the society. The major advantage is that they are adults [nepotrebno to opet isticati] and they can help by making money for the whole family. It is also good for their parents because they are getting old, and they will be happy to have some help around the household and someone to talk to. In addition, they are saving a lot of money. Living with parents under the same roof is cheaper then living alone. On the other hand, in most cases they are incapable to live their own life.


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They do not know how to manage their finances and take responsibility for the obligations. Also, they usually do not have enough experience to live by themselves one day. Parents often do not want to push them away. They think that they are helping them but they are just raising adults with the needs of children. To sum up, adult children living at home definitely bring benefits. They are helping around the house and saving money. However, they are mostly limited by having too little space for their own growth. They do not have enough space to become responsible and hardworking adults.Vrlo jednostavno, ali jasno i lijepo, bez uočljivih znatnih pogrešaka. Uz prikladnu temu (a koja ne bi bila doslovno ponovljena u uvodu) bez sumnje odličan, lako moguće i sve točno (raspon vokabulara - ponavljanja - ostavlja mogućnost za oduzimanje jednog boda ako bi bili izrazito strogi, ali sumnjam). Dobar primjer kako se piše esej - ne očekuje se savršenstvo, samo dojam da znate što radite.Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives! -esej« Travanj 04, 2011, 20:23:51 »

Citat: 0 Dobar dan! Evo pokusala sam napisat nekakav esej, nadam se da je u redu i svaka kritika i pohvala je dobrodosla! Nemam nikakve smjernice, samo zadanu temu koju nam je profesorica dala.Hvala

Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives!

Just like every period of life, being adolescent can be a pretty rough time. Some people says it is the unhappiest time, while other says it is the most happiest time in our life.

The major advantage of being adolescent is the fact that we are growing up and we are progressing in physical and mental way. We develop ourselfs in the better and more considered young people. As we are getting older, we are more ambitious about our future. For example, everyone of us is trying to get in the colledge we want and succeed in it.

On the other hand, there are many bad sides of being adolescent. For instance, no one take us seriously and mature for making our decisions on our own. Like, no one trust us. They all think we are still children with no responsibility. Secondly, we are all responsable for every act we made and we



are taking consequences on our own. For example, if we steal something, we can get punish or something even worse. It can be togh right? Thirdly, adolescence is the period of life when little problem seems like big one.

In conclusion, although adolescence can be a good and happy time, especially in our developing period, it could also have a lot of minuses. In my opinion, the biggest argument against adolescence is that we are still naive and acting like kids in some situations. Despite all of that, it is the best period in my life.

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Kris


Odg: Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives! -esej« Travanj 04, 2011, 20:59:51 »

Citat: +1 Pogrješke u spellingu...Osim toga:the most happy ili the happiest,ne the most happiest!others say, ne says i takes us, a ne take us i sl.ono počinjanje rečenice sa "like"-ajme,molim te,nemoj nikad više :ježimse:pazi na tenses (we are acting->we act like kids...)

Dobro koristiš linking words što je (svi već znaju) plus


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Citat: 0 ourselves, ne ourselfs


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Citat: 0 Hvala Vam. Gramatika me oduvijek zeza al radim na tome. Kako je prije bilo.... Kritike su jos uvijek dobrodosle hahaha a i pohvale xD


šnjubi



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Citat: 0 e i college*


FacUtVivas



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Citat: 0

more considerate

responsible*

get punished*

or even worse, izbacit something

Like, no one trusts us mi se ne svidja recenica bas.

tough*

a big one

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Citat: 0 Zaista ta recenica s 'like' mi nema smisla kad vise puta procitam. Thanks!


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Odg: Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives! -esej« Rujan 01, 2011, 18:59:29 »

Citat: +3 Citat: Elisabeth - Travanj 04, 2011, 20:23:51

Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people's lives!

Just like every period of life, being adolescent [ovdje je moralo ići 'adolescence' jer 'being adolescent' nije razdoblje] can be a pretty rough time. Some people says it is the unhappiest time, while other says it is the most happiest time in our life.

The major advantage of being adolescent is the fact that we are growing up and we are progressing in physical and mental way. We develop ourselfves in the better and more consideredate young people. As we are getting older, we are more ambitious about our future. For example, everyone most of us is are trying to get in the colledge we want and succeed in it.

On the other hand, there are many bad sides of being adolescent. For instance, no one take considers us seriously and mature enough for making our decisions on our own. Like, That is, no one trust us. They all think we are still children with no responsibility. Secondly, we are all responsaible for every act we made and we are taking consequences on our own. For example, if we steal something, we can get punished or something even worse. It can be togh right? [ne znam što je ta rečenica trebala značiti, ali općenito suzdržite se od retoričkih pitanja u eseju iz stranog jezika, a osobito u njegovim središnjim odlomcima] Thirdly, adolescence is the period of life when every little problem seems like big one.

In conclusion, although adolescence can be a good and happy time, especially in our developing period, it could also have a lot of minuses. In my opinion, the biggest argument against glorifying [ili tako neka riječ je nedostajala da bi bilo smisleno, ne može se davati argument protiv postojanja nečega što jednostavno prirodno mora postojati] adolescence is that we are still naive and acting like kids in some situations. Despite all of that, it is has been the best period in my life.

Esej ne zadovoljava neke od kriterija mature: dan je samo jedan (i to kaotično razrađen) argument za (a 3 protiv, koji isto nisu baš jako pregledno razrađeni)




te zaključak nije jasan, a i naslov je ponavljan u uvodu (i općenito je malo previše ponavljanja i izraza i ideja). Dosta pravopisnih i drugih pogrešaka (nastojala sam ispraviti one uočljive koje bi ocjenjivači mogli zamjeriti), no ostvarena je osnovna struktura i ideja, bio bi prolazan, na odgovarajuću temu bio bi najmanje za ocjenu dobar, moguće i vrlo dobar.Pa kad si me već osobno prozvao, pokušat ću. Iz engleskog:1. na strukturu - moraju biti 4 odlomka i to točno tako: 1. uvod (navedete tvrdnju koju ste dobili, samo koliko je moguće svojim riječima, i kažete nešto o njoj, obično tu dobro dođe riječ 'nowadays' ), 2. argumenti za, 3. argumenti protiv ako se odlučiš složiti s tvrdnjom odnosno 2. protiv, 3. za ako se odlučiš ne složiti s tvrdnjom (u svakom dakle slučaju mora biti argumenata i za i protiv i to po 2-3 razrađena argumenta, znači ne samo navedeni nego barem jedna rečenica posvećena svakom), 4. zaključak (i obavezno u njemu "svoje mišljenje")2. povezivanje - imate popis riječi kakve trebate rabiti http://drzavna-matura.com/index.php?topic=218.0 naravno nije poanta baš samo u prikladnom korištenju tih riječi nego i da sve skupa izgleda kao smislena cjelina (no i ako samo te izraze dobro upotrijebite moglo bi vas lako izvući i na 4 :F )3. kakav-takav raspon gramatike i vokabulara, da nije baš sve present/past simple nego prikladno simple/continuous i na prikladnim mjestima bi se mogle naći neke modal verbs (can/could/may/might...), ne baš sve jednostavne rečenice povezane s and nego i zavisno složene, ako znaš neku prikladnu kompliciraniju riječ upotrijebi ju čak i ako nisi 100% kako se piše, ako znaš više riječi za isti pojam koji spominješ više puta ili više sličnih riječi upotrijebi svaki put različite riječi (npr. think/believe/suppose/assume...)4. ne raditi "glupe greške" s pisanjem jednostavnih riječi (npr. it's/its, they're/their - iako bi u eseju ove skraćene oblike općenito trebalo izbjegavati) - a da se to izbjegne, pročitati na kraju cijeli esej pažljivo još jednom (smiješ (uredno) križati) - i naravno ne pisati skraćenice kao na chatu :F5. držite se teme (to sam zapravo trebala staviti prvo :F jer je možda i najvažnije) - ne moraju svi argumenti biti "pametni" ni "istiniti", no moraju biti vezani uz temu, nemate prostora za digresije

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Linking Words for Essay