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Pro-active safety tool

Line Operations Safety Audits

Jon Hopkinson

CHC Flight and Airworthiness Standards

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LOSA - a proactive Safety tool

• Proactive as defined by ICAO

• LOSA uses trained line pilots to systematically collect data on routine commercial flights. This is analysed for areas of strength and weakness.

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Program run with The LOSA Collaborative

• The University of Texas – LOSA/TEM Research

– Human Factors Research Project 1990s

– FAA funded (AAR-100) (presentations and publications)

Co-Authored the ICAO Document 9803 and LOSA Advisory Circular 120.90

• The LOSA Collaborative – LOSA Implementation Services

– Dr James Klinect: Founder and CEO (2001 to Present)

– LOSA Registry of Operators (consistent standard across implementations)

– LOSA Archive (benchmarking)

– TEM Training with LOSA results: Managers, Evaluators, and Instructors

• Endorsed by:– ICAO, FAA, IATA, IFALPA

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The LOSA Collaborative Archive

AeroMexico

Air Canada

Air Methods (HEMS) # 3

Asiana

Alaska

Air France

Air Hong Kong

Air New Zealand

Air Nelson

Air Nuigini

Air Transat

ANA

ANA Network

Avianca

Air Freight New Zealand

Frontier

Hawaiian

HNZ Group NZ

Horizon Air

IndiGo

Japan Airlines

JetBlue

QANTAS

Qatar Airways

Malaysia Airlines

Mexicana

REX Australia

Republic

Saudia

Shuttle America

Cathay Pacific

Chautauqua

China Airlines

Click Mexicana

COPA

Continental

Continental Express

Continental Micronesia

Delta

DHL Air

Dragonair

FedEx

Emirates

ExpressJet

25,000+ observations / 18,000+ flight crews / 130+ projects

Silk Air

Singapore Airlines

Singapore Cargo

Southwest

TACA

TACA Peru

TAP Portugal

Thomas Cook

United

Metro Aviation

USAF C17, C130, KC-10,

KC-135, C5, C21

Virgin Australia

Volaris

WestJet

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Line Pilots - Threat and Error Management

Pilots in everyday routine operations:

Manage operational complexity

Manage their own errors

Manage aircraft deviations

Threat management

Error Management

Undesired Aircraft StateManagement

LOSA “proactively” identifies system safety and flight crew performance strengths and weaknesses using TEM as its safety measure.

LOSAMeasures

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LOSA and TEM Philosophy

• LOSA is purely diagnostic – No solutions are provided but provides empirical justification for solutions

• Aim of results: anticipate, recognize, and recover from threats, errors, and undesired aircraft states.

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The Key to LOSA Success

Angel

Pilot

Performance

Natural

Pilot

Performance

Regulator NobodyInstructors

LOSA Observer

LOSA data quality- +

Pilot trust- +

LOSA data quality is dependent on methodology AND execution

Low pilot trust = Low quality LOSA data

• LOSA needs to get as close as possible to collecting

natural flight crew performance data

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The 10 vital characteristics defining a LOSA

program

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LOSA Operating Characteristics

1. Jumpseat observations during normal operations– No line checks or training flights

– No debriefings or post-flight interviews about what happened

2. Anonymous, confidential, non-punitive data collection– No names, flight numbers, or other identifying information

– Observer identity kept anonymous

3. Voluntary crew participation– Flight crews have the right to decline a LOSA observation

– Typical denial rate is very low – Approx: 1 in 100 observations

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LOSA Operating Characteristics (continued)

4. Trusted and trained observers

– Observer selection – management/union review list of candidates

– Diverse observer team – Captains, First Officers, high/low experience

– Not trainers or managers

5. Joint management / union sponsorship

– Symbolized with a signed agreement that is sent to all pilots

– Steering committee with wide participation

(Managers, Trainers, Unions, S and Q)

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LOSA Operating Characteristics (continued)

• 6. Systematic observation instrument based on TEM

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LOSA Operating Characteristics (continued)

7. Secure data collection repository - confidence– Third party or pilot association gate keeper

8. Data verification roundtables– TEM data checked for accuracy and consistency with SOP

9. Data-derived targets for enhancement

– LOSA adopts a “Measure, change, measure again” approach

10. Feedback of results to line pilots

– LOSA findings and information on how operational management intends to respond to the findings with procedural/organisational change

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LOSA Operating Characteristics

1. Jumpseat observations during normal

operations

2. Anonymous, confidential, and non-

punitive data collection

3. Voluntary crew participation

4. Trusted and trained observers

5. Joint management / union sponsorship

6. Systematic observation instrument

7. Secure data collection repository

8. Data verification roundtables

9. Data-derived targets for enhancement

10. Feedback of results to line pilots

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Questions?