Line notes and Questions on Aeneid

21 regem - - regnentem – Give one example of Romans proud in war.22 why is volvere in the infinitive?23 What was the veteris belli ?24 Who are the Argis?25 - -28 Give three words or phrases that show that Juno holds grudges. Who was Ganymede? What did he have to do with Juno?What does rapti describe?29 What are the three items referred to by his?29 Describe the chiasmus. What’s the point?30 What is the effect of the alliteration? 32 If Juno is scattering Trojans, how can they be acti fatis? 33 Compare with line 11. What’s the connection? 34 What were the Trojans doing on Sicily?35 Explain how the alliteration and the metonymy contribute to the imagery of the line37 Why is me in the accusative case?39 Why is it appropriate that the passive vetor is used here?40 who are ipsos?41 What did Ajax son of Oileus do?42 -43 How do the short i and t sounds reinforce the meaning of the lines?44-45 How do the x, c, and t sounds reinforce the meaning of the lines?46 Consider the choice of the word incedo. Why is it appropriate here?48 compare with line 8. Does this answer the question?52 Aeoliam: place or person?

52 Aeolus and his winds are an allegory for Rome in 27BCE and following. Explain53 Identify and explain the chiasmus. 54 note the word imperio and how it is used in other contexts. 54 what imagery does Vergil use to describe Aeolus’ job. 55 scan and comment on meter, aliteration, and onomatopoeia. 65 What case for Aeole and divum?67 where is the Tyrrhenum aequor?68 In what sense is Aenea portans Ilium?69 Explain the alliteration and prolepsis.71 what kind of ablative is praestanti corpora?72-75 Does this bribe recall an earlier one in the Trojan War?75 Note the alliteration.76-77 Why does Aeolus answer this way?76-79 Why the anaphora of tu?81-83 How does the alliteration of “c” and “t” in these lines relate to the content?82 How does velut agmine facto recall recent events in Vergil’s day?84 What tense is incubuere? How does it contrast with tense of previous verbs?86 What sounds in this line sound like rolling waves?87 Note the parallelism of clamor vir(or)um and stridor rudentum. What does this say about the pitch of the men’s voices?88-89 Note the light imagery.91 What noun-adjective pair frames the line? Who’s in the middle?

96 What does the use of contingit say about Fate?97 What’s the history of Diomedes and Aeneas in the Iliad?97 Contrast with Juno in lines 37-3899-100 What does the mention of Hector and Sarpedon suggest about the kind of hero Aeneas longs to be?101 What is the predominant vowel sound? How does is connect with the meaning?103 Id the hyperbole and give a reason104 draw a small picture of this line106 What is the purpose of the anaphora?107 explain the anaphora.108 What is the predominant consonant? Why?109-110 How does this line relate to Augustan readers?111What is the syntax of visu?114 To whom does ipsius refer?117 Evaluate meter and sound and relate to meaning.119 compare with line 1122 What is the effect of the enjambment of vicit? 122 What is the construction laxis compagibus? 124 How does the alliteration and consonance add to the onomatopoeia?127 How does placidum caput anticipate the action?128 What is the word picture created by disiectam classem?130 give the poetic 3rd person plural132 What tone is created by starting with tanta?133 compare numine here with numen in line 28.135 What does the aposiopesis tell us about Neptune as a leader?138-139 How does the antithesis of illi and mihi show Neptune’s view of the world?140-141 What kinds of subjunctives are iactet and regnet?

146 What is the dominant vowel in this line? What sound context does it provide?147 What is the dominant vowel in this line? What sound context does it provide?148-153 Id the major points of comparison of the simile149 Note the alliteration and the heightened emotion.150 What does the personification add to the passage?151 What word here recalls Aeneas? What other historical figure is recalled?152 Not the alliteration.156 Draw a picture of the line for optime card.160 Draw a bird’s eye view of the harbor and inlet.161 Explain the wave physics.164 Note how the alliteration of ‘s” reinforces the silence of the waters. 164 Explain the onomatopoeia of coruscis.166 Say how the adjectives dulces and vivo animate the cave.168-169 How is this harbor “too good to be true”170 How many ships did Aeneas lose?172 Why is harena ablative?173-174 Contrast the vocabulary in the two lines for moisture and aridity. 176 What is the dominant vowel? What does it add to the line?177-178 What words show that unloading the ships is an unpleasant task.180-183 What does this task say about Aeneas as leader?184 What does the chiasmus do?187-188 How do the verbs constitit and corripuit paint a picture of Aeneas’ actions.

189-190 How does the description make Aeneas’ kill seem more significant?191 How does this disturbance in the herd contrast with the simile in 148?195 Why mention Acestes here? Who was he?198-207 Divide the speech into three parts and describe each. How is the speech effective?208-209 When should leaders shade the truth? How do we distinguish this shading from lying?

Book II 232 What is the syntax of ducendum and oranda?233 half line234 Note the chiasmus235 -237 How is the size of the horse emphasized by the activity of the Trojans237-238 what words indicate that the horse is harmful or dangerous. 239 What is the dramatic irony of this line?240 what consonant sounds seem to imitate the gliding of the horse.241 Identify the apostrophe.241 Is there any irony in the phrase incluta bello?243 What vowel sounds give an echoing or hollow sound?246 What’s the story of Cassandra? 248 What phrases or words contrast the mood of the Trojans and their impending doom? 578 polysyndeton591 expanded prose order: confessa (esse) deam, (que) qualis et quanta solet videri caelicolis.595 quonam = quo = where. tibi- dative of possession,

nostri - dative of reference: "Where has your concern for us...:596 and 597 note enjambment of liqueris and Ascanius.598-600 What is Venus' tone in these lines? Should Aeneas feel ashamed?601 and 602 what adjectives acknowledge Aeneas' feelings toward Helen and Paris?602 Why the anaphora of divum?602 notice the asyndeton604-606 Is Venus giving Aeneas a "god's eye view'?610 and 611 contrast this Neptune with the one in book one who restored order from chaos.Book IV160 alliteration of m’s. Sound effect?161 effect of “i’s” and dental consonants?165 What word picture is created by the framing of Speluncam eandem?166 – 168 What functions do various parts of nature and heaven play in the wedding ceremony?171 Note how the narrative always points forward to disaster.172 How does the use of the word culpam influence the portrait of Dido?174 What is the syntax of qua?175 What vowel sound stands out? Why?176-177 What does the imagery suggest about the growth of rumor?178 Why is Terra angry? Ira deorum = anger at the gods.180 pedibus – abl. of respect.181-182 quot..tot as many feathers as eyes.

184-187 How does Rumor differ in activity in night and day? Does this make sense of the way that rumors travel in human society?188 Why is rumor mixed with fact and fiction?

191 What verb from the previous line introduces the accusative + infinitive construction of venisse Aenean?191 -194 Which part of this rumor is fictus? Which part verus?197 Which parts of the rumor of Aeneas and Dido would have inflamed Iarbas the most?198 Who were Iarbas' parents?199-202 What would Jupiter have seen looking down from a distance upon the kingdom of Iarbas?202 Take solum and limina as accusative direct objects of sacraverat in line 200.203 scan this line and connect the alliteration, meter, and elision with the abruptness of Iarbas's conclusions.203 ff How are Iarbas and Menalaus like and unlike one another?265 contrast with bk I. 7 altae moenia Romae269 enjambment of regnator.269 how does the use of torquet characterize Jupiter's control of the earth and sky?271 notice the jingle of teris and terris.278 Tempest readers compare with Act IV. scene i 148-150265-278 How does this divine intervention compare with Venus' in staying the hand of Aeneas from killing Helen?298 tuta timens  alliteration heightens the tension of the oxymoron298 Is this the same Fama that reached Iarbas? Is there any

fiction mixed with truth here?299 accusative plus infinitive indirect statement. Rumor that....accusative + infin.300-303 Bacchantes are a reference to a description of Maenads in Euripides' play the Bacchae in which otherwise normal women go crazy tearing animals apart with super human strength and perform other horrible feats of magic.305 Note that it's the cover-up for which Dido first reproaches Aeneas307 Note the anaphora of te and how many times in general the first or second person pronoun is used in this speech.308 Dido's not so subtle threat to commit suicide309-313 Dido can't believe that Aeneas is in so much of a hurry that he would risk sailing in winter.312-313 peteres maneret, peteretur are all imperfect subjunctives in a present contrary to fact.315 begging and pleading. More emotional appeal.316 How does this compare to the actual ceremony in the cave?317 What favors and services could Dido point to here?318 miserere imperative. misereor takes the genitive.320 te propter is anastrophe (the turning around of object and preposition)321How are the Tyrians more hostile because of Aeneas?322 qua sola is ablative of means323 fame with a small f is the source of trouble as well.323 hospes is used almost as an insult. Also recalls Paris the bad hospes.331-332 note the enjambment of lumina. What do the lumina immota of Aeneas tell us? Is he cold hearted? Is he trying to keep a stiff upper lip?

332 obnixus and sub corde premebat recall Aeneas' pep talk to his men in book 1.333 N.B. the ego te antithesis set up by the close juxtaposition.334 numquam negabo is a litotes. How does it make Aeneas appear? grateful?335 nec pigebit another litotes336 N.B. anaphora of dum. What does it mean to be memor mei?337 How does this claim of Aeneas square with his designs in 290-294?338-339 Again how does Aeneas' claim of bachelorhood square with IV.166 and following?340 paterentur. imperfect subjunctive in present contrary to fact. What is Aeneas' tone in these lines?344 What does Aeneas mean by posuissem recidiva Pergama victis? Would he have rebuilt Troy there in Asia?

659. Moriemur future tense660. Moriamur hortatory subjunctive661. Hauriat jussive subjunctive. Dido’s desired

revenge on Aeneas.662. Enjambment of Dardanus. By omens of death,

perhaps Dido means “stain of death”663. N.B. the camera switches to the crowd watching

Dido and the reader feels its horror.664. Ensem – sword665. Alliteration of S imitating the spurting of blood.

Open vowel sounds of clamor and alta sound like the echoing of shouts in the palace.

666. Fama always mixes true and untrue. What’s untrue here?

667. Look for onomatopoeia668. Look for the chiasmus669. Dido’s death is like an enemy attack670. Tyros is nominative. Alliteration of f’s671. Culmina deorum = temples672. Trepido – Anna knows in her heart before she

gets there what has happened.673. Acts of grief and sorrow674. 675. Anna gets it that this was what Dido was

intending all along. She feels deceived as well as grief stricken.

676. Rogus, ignes and arae are subjects of parabant677. Querar – what to morn first, that Dido did not

take Anna with her?678. Vocasses = vocavisses = I wish you would have

called679. The same sword should have killed both

according to Anna. Tulisset is optative subjunctive as with vocasses

680. Anna has called upon the ancestral gods as part of the ritual Dido has prepared

681. Posita modifies te – absent from you having been placed (on the pyre)

682. Dido utter withdrawal into herself and private passion/grief has broken her ties with her family and country.

683. Date addressed to bystanders “allow me to wash”684. Catching the last breath of a dying person was

like catching her spirit.685. Fata = spoken

686. 687. Cum gemitu – abl. of manner688. Illa = Dido689. Infixum vulnus = piercing wound690. Anaphora of Ter means she tried over and over

again.691. What are the eyes searching for?692. Reperta – she groans a final groan as she sees the

light.693. If Juno were omnipotens would she have allowed

her favorite queen to die?694. Difficilis obitus is another direct object of

miserata695. Quae begins relative clause of purpose. The T, C,

X sounds reinforce the struggling of Dido’s soul and body

696. Merita goes with morte. Was Dido’s death accidental or just another sacrifice like Laocoon’s to help move Aeneas on his way?

697. Ante diem = before her appointed time698. Proserpina had not yet had time or thought to cut

the lock and release her spirit699. Damnare = dedicate here700. “With golden wings”701. A rainbow!702. Hunc sacrum = the lock of hair703. Solvo = I release704. Omnis calor dilapsus est = all warmth departed705. Alliteration of ventos vita reinforces the spirit

swept up by the winds.

BK VI295. Acheron one of the many rivers of the

underworld. Vergil seems to identify with Styx296. Vastaque voragine gurges: open vowel sounds

with the “w” alliteration mimic the whirlpool297. Cocytus: river of lamentation in the underworld298. Portitor: harbormaster or ferryman. Note the

interlocked word order, alliteration and rhyme of portitor has horrendus aquas

299. Cui is dative of possession300. Charon’s eyes are demonic301. Nodo is abl. of manner = in a knot302. The raft requires both pike and sails303. N.B. that the corpora are contained by the phrase

ferruginea cumba304. ‘but a god’s old age is fresh and green.’305. Effuse = scattered306. Corpora goes with magnanimum heroum of the

next line307. There is elision between magnanimum and

heroum and between pueri and innuptaeque.308. 309. Simile of leaves, birds to souls has three major

points of comparison: multitude, fluttering movement, summer of their lives is over.

310. Lapsa = gliding311. Annus = season312. Terries apricis = sunnier climes313. ‘Begging to cross first’314. Assonance of ulterioris amore reinforces pathos

of line

315. Nunc hos nunc illos = now these, now those316. Summotos arcet = he removes and keeps off

others (because they have not been properly buried)317. Enim = indeed318. Quid vult = what does it mean?319. Aeneas wants to know why some of the souls are

left behind.320. Alliteration of vada verrunt mimics the whoosh

of rowing321. Sybil is very old322. Aeneas called son of Anchises323. 324. ‘By whose divinity the gods fear to swear and

break their oath.’325. The unburied have no rest.326. Sepulti (sunt)327. Nec datur = it is not permitted328. Transportare (trans) ripas; sedibus = in tombs329. 330. NB the elisions and the spondees that give the

unsual sonorous effect of the Sybil’s last line331. 332. NB Aeneas’ concern for the inequity of fate.450. the other shades in the lunettes camp 'the

mourning fields' a catalogue of women who had killed themselves.

451.452.453. the moon is barely visible because it is a

crescent at the beginning of the month and in a cloudy sky

454.455. Aeneas speaks from love456. Vergil called her 'infelix Dido'. She called

herself that, now finally Aen. addresses her as such.

457.458.459.460. invitus picks up the Italiam non sponte

sequor of book 4.461. iussa me cogunt ire 462. senta situ = rough with neglect463. egere = egerunt464. me is the accusative subject of ferre. nb that

hunc dolorem frames the line.465.466.467. note the T's in talibus ardent et torva

tuentem468. lacrimas ciebat he Aeneas was crying469.470. nec vultum movetur= she was not moved in

respect to her face471. remember that Dido had compared A. to

something not human back in book 4.472.473.474.475. A. is again reflective of the disparate and

unequal fates of human beings

872. 'what deep lamentation from the people will the Campus marius send echoing up to the mighty city of Mars!' Marcellus, the son-in-law and nephew of Augustus had just been buried with great pomp in 23

873.874.875.876. ‘raise so high in hope'. nor wil the land of

Romulus ever in the future feel so proud of any of its sons.’

877.878.879.880.881.882. ‘Alas, unhappy boy, if only somehow you

could break through harsh fate! You will be Marcellus.'

883. date spargam "allow me to stew" flores is in apposition with lilia

884.885.886.887.888.889. ' fired his heart with love of the glory to come'890.891. Laurentisque populous= the people in the

area of Kign Latinus' settlement in Latium.892.

893. Aen. leaves through the ivory gate of false dreams? why? Is it that the underworld has been as a dream personal to Aeneas, a vision of his past and future? Or does Vergil express his own doubt about a the underworld in which there is reward fro virtue and explanation of suffering?

Book of Synonyms

Greeks Trojans Juno Carthaginians cityArgi Troiani Saturnia Tyrii arxDanai Troas Regina

deumLibyae Urbs

Teucri

troubles peoples Mind/ spirit

ocean Boats

Casus gentes mens altum AereLabores populi anima sal rates

animus