Limb Bones

BY : na3im

Two Widely Used Schemes for Memorization of Anatomical Data:

•Repetition: experiments on both students and rats show that the timing is very important.

•Repetitions should be minutes to hours apart (not days to weeks).•The Hand Test and Foot Test are examples that can be used for repetitive learning

•Mnemonics: memorize something easy, such as a simple catchy phrase, then associate it with the items that you want to memorize.

•Favorite method of medical students. •Mnemonics for memorizing carpal & tarsal bones are given in this presentation

Upper Limb

Humerus: Anterior

Humerus

Scapula

Clavicle

Radius UlnaClick R Button for Slideshow

Greater tubercle

Coracoid processLesser tubercle

Acromion process

Glenoid fossa

Deltoid tuberosity

Medial epicondyle

Trochlea

Lateral epicondyle

Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

Humerus: Anterior2

Humerus

Scapula

Clavicle

Radius UlnaClick R Button for Slideshow

Greater tubercle

Coracoid processLesser tubercle

Acromion process

Glenoid fossa

Deltoid tuberosity

Medial epicondyle

Trochlea

Lateral epicondyle

Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

Humerus: Posterior

For Slideshow Click R Button Right Arm, Posterior

Scapula

Spine of scapula

Glenoid fossa of scapula

Head of humerus

Deltoid tuberosityof humerus

Humerus

Ulna

Olecranon process of ulna

Radius

Greater tubercle of humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Acromion of scapula

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Humerus: Posterior2

Right Arm, Posterior

Scapula

Spine of scapula

Glenoid fossa of scapula

Head of humerus

Deltoid tuberosityof humerus

Humerus

Ulna

Olecranon process of ulna

Radius

Greater tubercle of humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Acromion of scapula

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Forearm: Anterior

Radius Ulna

Humerus

Lateral epicondyleof humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Coronoid processof ulna

Head of radius

Coronoid fossaof humerus

Capitulum ofhumerus

Trochlea ofhumerus

Radial tuberosity

Styloid processof ulna

Styloid process of radius

Right Arm, Anterior, PronatedClick R Button for Slideshow

Forearm: Anterior2

Radius Ulna

Humerus

Lateral epicondyleof humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Coronoid processof ulna

Head of radius

Coronoid fossaof humerus

Capitulum ofhumerus

Trochlea ofhumerus

Radial tuberosity

Styloid processof ulna

Styloid process of radius

Right Arm, Anterior, PronatedClick R Button for Slideshow

Mnemonicfor

LearningCarpals

She Likes To PlayLunateIn the moonlight

TriquetrumThe third T Bone

PisiformPea-shaped

Try To Catch Her

Trapezium:“It’s by the thumb”

Trapezoid“Is by its side”

Capitate

HamateA hamboneWith a hook

ScaphoidA boat

Click R Button for Slideshow Right Palm

Hand Quiz

CD

E

F

G

HJK

A

B

Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth Right Palm

Hand Quiz Answers

C. Trapezium

D. Scaphoid

E. Lunate

F. Triquetrum

G. Pisiform

H. HamateJ. Capitate

K. Trapezoid

B. MetacarpalsA. Phalanges

Right Palm

Lower Limb

Femur: Posterior

TibiaFibula

Femur

Right, Posterior View

Lateral condyleMedial condyle

Linea aspera

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Pelvis

For Slideshow Click R Button

Head of femur

Femur: Posterior2

TibiaFibula

Femur

Right, Posterior View

Lateral condyleMedial condyle

Linea aspera

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

PelvisHead of femur

Lower LegFemur

Tibia

Fibula

Tibial tuberosity

Talus (tarsal bone)

Medial malleolusLateral malleolus

Medial condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of tibia

Right Leg, Anterior ViewClick R Button for Slideshow

Lateral condyle of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Knee cap

Lower Leg2Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Tibial tuberosity

Talus (tarsal bone)

Medial malleolusLateral malleolus

Medial condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of tibia

Right Leg, Anterior View

Lateral condyle of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Knee cap

Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones:

Medialcuneiform (1)

Intermediatecuneiform (2)

Lateralcuneiform (3)

NavicularA boatIt sails on the Cs

Talus

Calcaneus Cuboid

Tiger Cubs Need M I L C

Click R Button for Slideshow

Foot Quiz

A

BC

D

E

FG H

J

Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth Right, Superior View

Foot Quiz Answers

A. Phalanges

B. MetatarsalsC. Cuboid

D. Calcaneus

E. Talus

F. Navicular

G. Medial Cuneiform (1)

H. IntermediateCuneiform (2)

J. Lateral Cuneiform (3)

Right, Superior View

Want to Make Your Own Powerpoints for Studying Anatomy?

You need:

•A computer with the Powerpoint program

•A source of anatomy drawings, preferably copyright free ones

•A source of medical mnemonics

Anatomical DrawingsCopyright Free Anatomical Drawings:

•Online:•Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions.Excellent quality, but heavily labeled. http://www.bartleby.com/107/•Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841. Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergmanhttp://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtmlGreat drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s.

•Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan):•Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration. Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free.•Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte. Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg.

•The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull.•This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis)•Make your own photographs & drawings using our models

Medical MnemonicsSome are in books like this:

•Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster.

There are many more on the Internet. The best site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics:

•http://www.medicalmnemonics.com

Finally, you might try making up your own