LIGHTING A GREEN DORM

Taylor Ellis BraggSyed Muhasin Sayeed

Steven Michael ScardatoGregory Ter-Zakhariants

Introduction

• The costs of wasting energy

• Our project, why we are doing it, and how we went about it

How much electricity does lighting use?

• Total Electricity: 10,656 kWh per year per household, 1.1 trillion kWh for the country for residential lighting

• 9.1 percent of electricity to lighting-110.6 billion kWh for the nation.

How much does this cost?• 8.3 cents per kWh• 9.2 billion dollars nationally for residential

lighting alone• One 60-watt light bulb on for an hour, is 0.06

kWh (60/1000) • One 20-watt light bulb on for an hour is 0.02

kWh• For Stanford university room, 2x60 watt

incandescent light-bulbs run for 3 hours a day + 4x20 watt ceiling fluorescent bulbs for 10 hours a day=.36+.8 kwH/day=423.4 kwH/year

• 423.4*.083=$35 per year• For entire freshman class, about $60,000

• Source: http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/cost.html

Powering a 100 watt lightbulb, for a year:

• 740 lbs coal

• 5 lbs. SOx (source of acid rain)

• 5 lbs. NOx (source of acid rain, smog)

• 1,852 lbs. COx (greenhouse gas)• Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/question481.htm

Our Project: An Overview

• Lighting: An easy way to address energy consumption

• Numerous approaches to the problem

• Our focus: Light, Power, Power Management, Light Direction

Lighting: A bright, efficient future

• Why LED's

• Current Technology

• Future Technology

Why LED's

• Benefits -– Life Span– Durability– Maintenance– Flexibility

What is an LED?

• A solid state light source that uses an electrical signal run across a semiconductor

Current Technology

• Very attractive options for certain situations– Traffic Lights– Car Lights

• Not yet feasible everyday light replacements– No market = high cost and low production

• There is a lot of research being conducted in LED technology because of its potential

Future Technology

• Most promising lighting technology

• Cost Reducing– 50% reduction on energy used

for lighting– 10% worldwide total energy

reduction

• Environmentally Friendly

Power: Plugging in to green energy• Sunny Day 1000 W/m2

• Photovoltaic (PV) module:

Solar Cells– Single crystal silicon– Polycrystalline silicon– Others

Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell7.htm

A: Glass Cover D: N-type Silicon

B: Antireflective coating

E: P-type Silicon

C: Contact Grid F: Back Contact

Storing the Energy

• Deep Cycle Batteries

• Utility Grid– Inverter: DC AC

• Expensive: $9 per Watt– prices expected to decrease in the future

Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell11.htm

Relevant Projects

• BJ’s Wholesale Club– 12K sq. ft., 1330 - 2x4ft. Panels, 52-kW

– Saved $1M, 12M kW-hr/yr

• Synergy House– 7.5 kW

– $77,816

– Saves 11,164 kW-hr/yr, $1,987/yr

Sources: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/retail/energy_management_csa.pdf

http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/retail/energy_management_csa.pdf

Power Management: Switching it up…for the better!

• Cutting down on

unnecessary power

consumption• Three main lighted

areas in any dorm…• Dorm Room, Hallway,

and Lounge area.

Power Management – Dorm Room

•Keep manual light switches

•Possible Improvements

•“Dimmer” switches $20-30

•Power Management workshops

Source: http://www.homedepot.com/prel80/HDUS/EN_US/pg_index.jsp?CNTTYPE=NAVIGATION&CNTKEY=pg_index.jsp&m=1143053416553

Power Management – Hallway

•Hallways aren’t commonly used during certain hours of the day

•Timers $40-50

•Motion Sensors $20-60

Source: http://www.aegiswireless.com/web/pop_ups/motion_sensor.html

Power Management – Lounge

•During the day Plenty of natural light

•Big Windows

•“Photosensors” $40-60

Source:

http://pnpng.ebigchina.com/sdp/120337/4/pd-1088804/304115-546071.html

Lighting Direction: Putting Lighting in its place

• Individual Needs• If the dorm doesn’t meet

these with efficient lighting, students will be forced to meet them on their own

• Inefficient solutions

Three Choices:

• One overhead light

• Desk lamps

• All-included system

Our Solution: Include High Efficiency Desk Lamps

• Higher initial purchase costs

• Reduce student costs

• Decrease energy consumption

Conclusion: Lighting The Dorm of the Future

• Lighting

• Power

• Power Management

• Lighting Direction