LIGHT AND COLORSYLLABUS

CYNTHIA MARTONE

JAMES C. LOPRESTO

INTRODUCTION

• Quiz every Thursday

• Labs (class exercises)

• Power Point Presentations (30 minutes)

• Final Exam (as Scheduled)

POWER POINT TOPICS• Telescopes• Cameras• Lasers• Holograms• Stimulated Emission• The Interferometer• Color Science• Microscopes• Black Body Radiation• The Green Flash• Rainbows, Halos and Sundogs• Total Internal Reflection• The Solar Spectrum• The Pinhole Camera• The Human Eye• Corrective Procedures for Improving Eyesight (Glasses, contacts, sunglasses,

surgical corrections)

Introduction to Subject Matter

• LIGHT (Packet of Energy, photon)

• FOUR FORCES IN NATURE (Strong Nuclear – gluon, Electromagnetic – photon, Weak Nuclear – Intermediate Vector Bosons, Gravity – Graviton (gravity waves)

• LIGHT (wave and “massless particle”

Inverse Square Law of Light

• Light Sources look dimmer the farther away they are

• Intensity = 1/ (distance)2

• Standard Candles

COLOR?

• Physical

• Physiological

• Psychological

• THE VIVID SOLAR SPECTRUM!!!!

LIST OF COLOR BANDS Electromagnetic Radiation

• GAMMA RAYS

• X-RAYS

• ULTRAVIOLET

• VISIBLE

• INFRARED

• MICROWAVE

• RADIO

VISIBLE BAND COLORS

• VIOLET• (INDIGO)• BLUE• GREEN• YELLOW• ORANGE• RED color blindness?

NATURAL WORLD EMITS ALL WAVELENGTHS

• Effects of Light on Humans (radiation)Gamma Rays (deadly)X-Rays (deadly)UV (suntan, sunburn)IR ( skin can detect IR)Microwaves and Radio Waves

Long Term exposure, Cell phones and Power Lines?

COMBINATION OF COLORS

• (NOT COLORS IN SCIENTIFIC SENSE)

pink!!!!

brown

black

white

many others!!!!!!

COLOR SCIENCE

• ADDING COLORS

• SUBTRACTING COLORS

• COLOR WHEELS

• COLOR ORGANIZATION AND SCHEMES

Wavelength and Frequency

• Wavelength

• Frequency

• Speed of Light

c = λ ν = wavelength x frequency

sometimes frequency denoted by f

WAVES• Transverse Waves

• Water Waves• Wave Properties, wavelength, frequency• Longitudinal Waves

• Sound Waves

Maxwell Equations of Electromagnetic Theory

• Maxwell’s Equations• Spatial variation of the electric field is equal to

the temperal variation of the magnetic field.• Spactial variation of the magnetic field is equal

to the temperal variation of the electric field• The divergence of the magnetic field is zero (no

magnetic poles)• The divergence of the electric field is 4πρ (there

are electric charges)

Maxwell’s Equations

• Maxwell's Equations

• I. Gauss' law for electricity II. Gauss' law for magnetism III. Faraday's law of induction IV. Ampere's law

SIMPLE OPTICS

• Refraction• http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/light/rayOptics/refraction/refraction1.html

• http://www.ps.missouri.edu/rickspage/refract/refraction.html

• Snell’s LawLenses

ApertureOptical AxisFocal Length

http://freespace.virgin.net/gareth.james/virtual/Optics/Lens/lens.html

Inverted ImageAberrations

Spherical AberrationChromatic AberrationComa

REFRACTING TELESCOPES

• Eyepieces

• Famous Examples

• Speed of Telescope Optics

• F-ratio

REFLECTION

• Mirrors

• Aberrations

• Reflecting Telescopes

• Famous Examples

• Various Designs and Foci

• Adaptive Optics

SPECTROSCOPY

• PRISM• DISPERSION• GRATINGS• SPECTROSCOPES• SPECTROGRAPHS

Littrow SpectrographCyrney-Turner Spectrograph

FOURIER SPECTROSCOPY

THE HUMAN EYE

• The Cornea

• The Pupil

• The Lens

• The Retina

• Near Sighted

• Far Sighted

• Astigmatism

THE CAMERA

• Photographic Emulsion

• Digital Imagery and Cameras

• Camera Designs

• Porro Prisms

• FOCAL LENGTHS

• F-RATIOS and F-STOPS

Other Optical Instruments

• Magnifying Glass• Microscopes• Binoculars• Periscopes• Telephoto Lens• Fiber Optics• Thin Films• Polarizers

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

• Max Planck and the Photon

• Wein’s Displacement Law

• Black Body Radiation (perfect radiators)

• Radiation Curve for the Sun

THE SOLAR SPECTRUM

• CONTINUUM

• ABSORPTION LINES

• EMISSION LINES

• LINE PROFILES

• FLASH SPECTRUM

• WEBSITES for SOLAR SPECTRA

INTEFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION

• INTERFERENCE

• DIFFRACTION

QUANTUM OPTICS

• ATOMS AND LIGHT

• ENERGY LEVELS

• BOHR MODEL OF ATOM

• NARROW WAVELENGTH BANDS PRODUCED BY ATOMS

• STIMULATED EMISSION

COLORS IN NATURE

• aurora

• colors in nature (other than the atmosphere)

• eclipses

• planetary nebulae filtered images

• reflection and flourencent nebulae

LASERS

Ruby Lasers

Helium-Neon Lasers

HOLOGRAMS

• Three dimensional images

FOURIER OPTICS

• INTEROMETERS

• FOURIER OPTICS