Welcome to the Review

Contents

Scientific Method Classification Cell structure Cell Process Evolution

Scientific Method

Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning from what you already know is

called

A. observing. B. inferring. C. predicting. D. classifying.

The factor which may change in response to the manipulated variable is the

A. operational definition. B. responding variable. C. variable. D. particular variable.

Which is a scientific question?

A. Why did the chicken cross the road? B. Why does one kind of apple taste

better than another? C. At what temperature does CO2 freeze? D. Why does Susan like math more than

Steve does?

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

A. observing. B. inferring. C. predicting. D. classifying.

Which of the following is a valid reason why a scientist might reject

a scientific theory?

A. Some people disagree with it.B. It cover too broad a topic.C. New evidence contradicts it.D. It is too old.

When scientists create a representation of a complex

process, they are

A. inferring. B. predicting. C. making models. D. classifying.

Observations that deal with numbers or amount are called

A. operational observations. B. manipulated observations. C. quantitative observations. D. qualitative observations.

Which of the following is an example of thinking scientifically

about a topic?

A. finding out how bicycles work.B. reading a consumer report about bicycles.C. evaluating the cost of bicycles.D. investigating the invention of bicycles.

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question is called a(n)

A. prediction.B. hypothesis.C. theory.D. law.

During an experiment, which factors must be controlled so that researchers can draw a logical conclusion from the

experiment?

A. variables.B. operational definitionsC. inquiriesD. theories

An organized way to collect and record scientific observations is

with a(n)

A. model.B. inference.C. data table.D. operational definition.

A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or

experimental results is called a scientific

A. inquiry.B. hypothesis.C. theory.D. law.

A summary of what you have learned from a scientific experiment is called a(n)

A. hypothesis.B. inquiry.C. conclusion.D. law.

Trying to explain how plant roots absorb minerals is an example of

A. classification. B. scientific inquiry. C. drawing a conclusion. D. a prediction.

Scientists can communicate their results

A. at scientific meetings. B. in scientific journals. C. by exchanging information on the

internet. D. all of the above.

Scientists’ skepticism should be balanced with an ability to

A. accept new and different ideas. B. be honest. C. find solutions to problems. D. learn more about the topics they study.

To reveal trends in data, the data should be presented in a(n)

A. hypothesis. B. graph. C. operational definition. D. scientific investigation.

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Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be

expressed in numbers are called

A. manipulated observations. B. quantitative observations. C. qualitative observations. D. operational observations.

Classification

When scientists put things into categories or group together items that are alike in some way, they are

A. inferring. B. predicting. C. making models. D. classifying.

The scientific name of a bobcat is

A. felis rufus. B. Felis rufus. C. Felis Rufus. D. felis Rufus.

The wolf, Canis lupus, is most closely related to

A. Ursus arctos. B. Felis sylvestris. C. Canis familiaris. D. Felis pardus.

Cell Structure

To distinguish fine detail, the microscope needs good

A. magnification. B. eye pieces. C. resolution. D. photons.

Some of the characteristics living things share are

A. cellular organization and use of energy. B. structures using inorganic compounds. C. absence of water in cells. D. fermentation as principal source of

energy.

Cells in many-celled organisms

A. all look the same. B. all have the same structure. C. are often quite different from each

other. D. are the same size in every part of the

organism.

The control center of the cell is the

A. mitochondrion. B. ribosome. C. nucleus. D. chloroplast

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

A. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

B. All cells are produced from other cells. C. Only animals are composed of cells. D. All living things are composed of cells.

The structure of each cell is suited to its

A. size. B. organism. C. length. D. function.

Lenses magnify an image of a small object by

A. taking a picture. B. blocking the light. C. bending the light. D. making the object larger.

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

A. Only plants are made of cells. B. All cells are produced from other cells. C. Cells can be produced from nonliving

matter. D. Cells are one of several basic units of

structure and function in living things.

Specialized cells are found only in

A. animals. B. single-celled organisms. C. bacteria. D. many-celled organisms.

The function of the cell wall is to

A. protect and support the cell. B. perform different functions in each cell. C. prevent water from passing through it. D. prevent oxygen from entering the cell.

The function of a cell membrane is to

A. support the cell. B. control what enters and leaves the cell. C. perform different functions in each cell. D. form a hard outer covering for each

cell.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that all living things

share?

A. A cellular organization B. Using energy. C. Movement. D. Reproduction.

Cell Processes

Autotrophs use the energy from the sun

A. evenly. B. indirectly. C. directly. D. with oxygen.

How are respiration and photosynthesis related?

A. They have opposite equations. B. They both produce carbon

dioxide. C. They have the same equation. D. They both produce oxygen.

The arrow in a chemical equation is read as the word

A. equals. B. yields. C. turns. D. equates.

Respiration and photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide

and oxygen

A. constantly decreasing. B. constantly increasing. C. constantly changing. D. fairly constant.

During photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is captured by

A. stomata. B. chlorophyll and other pigments. C. solar cells. D. carbohydrates.

During photosynthesis

A. cells use oxygen to make food. B. cells use glucose to make oxygen. C. cells use the energy in sunlight to

make food. D. cells use the energy in sunlight to

make carbon dioxide.

The Products of Photosynthesis are

A. green stems and leaves B. carbon dioxide and sugars C. oxygen and water D. oxygen and sugars

The process by which small molecules enter the cell membrane is

A. engulfing. B. swallowing. C. active transport. D. diffusion.

The source of energy for most autotrophs is

A. water. B. the sun. C. heterotrophs. D. other autotrophs.

All organic compounds contain

A. nitrogen. B. oxygen. C. water. D. carbon.

The smallest particle of a compound is a

A. atom. B. chunk. C. molecule. D. gene.

Very large organic molecules that contain instructions that cells need to function are

called

A. nucleic acids. B. amino acids. C. proteins. D. carbohydrates.

A Membrane which allows some things through but not others is

A. permeable. B. impermeable. C. sort of permeable. D. semi-permeable.

Small molecules used to construct proteins are

A. lipids. B. waxes. C. amino acids. D. acetic acid.

The major groups of organic compounds include lipids, proteins,

nucleic acids and

A. carbohydrates. B. amino acids. C. oils. D. carbon.

Factors that control traits are called

A. genes. B. purebreds. C. recessives. D. parents.

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n)

A. atom. B. lipid. C. element. D. compound.

The raw materials for photosynthesis are

A. sugar and spice. B. oxygen and air. C. water and carbon dioxide. D. carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Enzymes

A. contain water. B. speed up chemical reactions. C. contain genetic material. D. help the cell maintain its shape.

To a geneticist the notation TT means

A. two dominant alleles. B. heterozygous alleles. C. at least one dominant allele. D. one dominant and one recessive allele.

Small openings in leaves which allow the entry of CO2 and exit of O2 are called

A. holes. B. exits. C. port holes. D. stomata.

Probability is

A. the actual results from a series of events.

B. a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.

C. the way the results of one event affect the next event.

D. the number of times a coin lands heads up.

To a geneticist the notation Tt means

A. two dominant alleles. B. two recessive alleles. C. homozygous alleles. D. one dominant and one recessive allele.

A Punnett square shows

A. all possible outcomes of a genetic cross.

B. only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross.

C. only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross.

D. all of Mendel’s discoveries about genetic crosses.

If a homozygous black rat (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white rat (bb) what is the possibility that an offspring will have black fur?

A. 25 percent. B. 50 percent. C. 75 percent. D. 100 percent.

BB

B

B

bbb b

Bb Bb

BbBb

Homozygous

Homozygous

If a heterozygous black rat (Bb) is crossed with a heterozygous black rat (Bb) what is the possibility that an offspring will have black fur?

A. 25 percent. B. 50 percent. C. 75 percent. D. 100 percent

Bb

B

b

Bb

B b

BB Bb

bbBb

Heterozygous

Heterozygous

If a heterozygous black rat (Bb) is crossed with a homozygous white rat (bb) what is the possibility that an offspring will have black fur?

A. 25 percent. B. 50 percent. C. 75 percent. D. 100 percent

Bb

B

b

bbb b

Bb Bb

bbbb

Heterozygous

Homozygous

A heterotroph is the same as a

A. autotroph. B. plant. C. bacteria. D. consumer.

In addition to energy, the products of respiration are

A. sugar and spice. B. oxygen and air. C. water and carbon dioxide. D. carbon dioxide and oxygen.

During respiration, the greatest amount of energy is released in the

A. mitochondria. B. lysosomes. C. ribosomes. D. cytoplasm.

Proteins are constructed in the

A. ribosomes. B. lysosomes. C. golgi bodies. D. mitochondria.

Using the process of osmosis, water molecules will move from an area of

A. even to even concentration. B. higher to an area of lower concentration. C. lower to an area of higher concentration. D. high to an area of higher concentration.

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a

A. hybrid. B. trait. C. purebred. D. factor.

The physical characteristics studied in genetics are

A. traits. B. offspring. C. generations. D. hybrids.

An organ is composed of

A. carbon. B. tissues. C. systems. D. organisms.

An organ is composed of tissues.

A group of organs working together forms a(n)

A. cell. B. organism. C. organ system. D. tissue.

A group of organs working together forms an organ system.

When cells divide in mitosis, each daughter cell inherits

A. half the number of chromosomes as are in the parent cell.

B. twice the number of chromosomes as are in the parent cell.

C. the same number of chromosomes as are in the parent cell.

D. an unpredictable number of chromosomes from the parent cell.

Mitosis

When sex cells combine to form offspring, each sex cell will

contribute

A. one fourth the number of chromosomes in body cells.

B. half the number of chromosomes in body cells.

C. the normal number of chromosomes in body cells.

D. twice the number of chromosomes in body cells.

Meiosis

An organism’s physical appearance is its

A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. codominance. D. heterozygous.

The chromosome theory of inheritance is that

A. chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on hybrids.

B. genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.

C. hybrid pairs of chromosomes combine to form offspring.

D. codominant genes combine to form new hybrids.

Evolution

Species

A group of similar organisms which can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.

Differences between members of the same species are called variations.

If a species no longer has any living members, it is extinct.

Galapagos Islands A small number of plant and animal

species had come to the islands from the mainland.

Natural selection The process by which individuals that are

better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection.

An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.

Theory of Evolution Gradualism proposes that changes

occurred steadily in tiny changes over a long period of time. (Expects intermediate forms of fossils)

Theory of Evolution Punctuated Equilibria proposes that

changes took place quickly over short periods of time separated by long periods of little or no change. (Does not expect intermediate fossils)

Extinction

Mass extinction: when many species become extinct at the same time.

. . Habitat destruction: may cause extinction.

Relationship Scientists use evidence from fossils,

body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to determine the evolutionary relationships among species.

The End