LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS DECISION TOOL TO INDENTIFY AUTOMOBILE SHREDDER RESIDUE (ASR) SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT L. Morselli 1 , F. Passarini 1 , I. Vassura 1 , A. Santini 1 , L. Ciacci 1 [email protected] 1 University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials, Rimini branch, Italy Introduction In Europe ELVs produce more than 10 million tons of waste per year Directive 2000/53/EC targets: 80% recycled or reused with 85% recovery by 2006, rising to 95% and 85% respectively by 2015. 25% of an ELV is Automobile Shredder Residue and nowadays it is mainly disposed in landfill with high environmental burdens and economical costs. Consequently post shredder technologies (PST) are the key to reach the targets In this case-study LCA as decision tool is used in order to identify the most sustainable ASR management strategy, as stated from Directive 2008/98/CE on waste ►Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as decision tool in ASR management is fundamental and necessary. ►Landfilling of ASR is absolutely not sustainable even though it is the cheapest and most used solution. ►Incineration is preferable to landfill but attention should be paid to pyrolysis and gasification PST considering that beyond energy recovery chemicals may be obtained as well. ►Future studies will focus on pyrolysis test, plastics sorting & recycling and ecodesign. Conclusions Results and Discussion Materials and Methods Fig. 2 – Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) 1)L. Morselli, M. Bartoli, M. Bertacchini, A. Brighetti, J. Luzi and F. Passarini, Tools for evaluation of impact associated to MSW incineration: LCA and Integrated Environmental Monitoring System Waste Management, 25, 191-196 (2005) 2)A comparison of gasification with pyrolisis for the recycling of plastic containing wastes", R. Ray, RB Thorpe, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2007 3)B. Boughton, A. Horvath, Environmental assessment of shredder residue management / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 47 (2006) 4)Jody, B.J. and Daniels E.J., End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling: The State of the Art of Resource Recovery from Shredder Residue, 2006 5)Costs and Benefits of the ELV Directive – Final Report, A report submitted by GHK/BIOIS (2006) Functional unit: 1 ton of ASR managed Data: Ecoinvent LCA database, commercial shredder plant and literature [ref. 5] Software: SimaPro 7.1.8 1)Current landfilling (European state of the art) 2)Non-ferrous metals recycling plant + landifill 3)Incineration with energy recovery (5% blend with MSW, ref. [1]) 4)Enhanced mechanical plastics recycling (ARGONNE, ref. [3,4]) 5)Pyro-gasification (THERMOSELECT, ref. [2]) Landfill is the worst scenario for 8 impact categories on a total of 11 Incineration is the worst scenario for 3 impact categories but it is never the best solution Material recycling is preferred to disposal and energy recovery and affects heavily climate change Landfilling is related to carcinogens Energy recovery impacts mostly on ecotoxicity and diseases related to the respiration of inorganic compounds Recycling brings greater advantages in fossil fuels consumption then energy recovery Recycling reduces mineral consumption References Fig. 3 – ASR Landfill Fig. 4 – non-ferrous metal sorting plant Fig. 5 – MWS Incinerator Fig. 1 – ELV supply chain, ref. [5] post-shredder technologies current SCENARIOs:

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS DECISION TOOL TO … · LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS DECISION TOOL TO INDENTIFY AUTOMOBILE SHREDDER RESIDUE (ASR) SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT L. Morselli1,

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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS DECISION TOOL TO INDENTIFY AUTOMOBILE SHREDDER RESIDUE (ASR)

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTL. Morselli1, F. Passarini1, I. Vassura1 , A. Santini1, L. Ciacci1

[email protected]

1 University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials, Rimini branch, ItalyIntroductionIn Europe ELVs produce more than 10 million tons of waste per yearDirective 2000/53/EC targets: 80% recycled or reused with 85% recovery by 2006, rising to 95% and 85% respectively by 2015.25% of an ELV is Automobile Shredder Residue and nowadays it is mainly disposed in landfill with high environmental burdens and economical costs.Consequently post shredder technologies (PST) are the key to reach the targetsIn this case-study LCA as decision tool is used in order to identify the most sustainable ASR management strategy, as stated from Directive 2008/98/CE on waste

►Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as decision tool in ASR management is fundamental and necessary.►Landfilling of ASR is absolutely not sustainable even though it is the cheapest and most used solution. ►Incineration is preferable to landfill but attention should be paid to pyrolysis and gasification PST considering that beyond energy recovery chemicals may be obtained as well. ►Future studies will focus on pyrolysis test, plastics sorting & recycling and ecodesign.

Conclusions

Results and Discussion

Materials and Methods

Fig. 2 – Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR)

1) L. Morselli, M. Bartoli, M. Bertacchini, A. Brighetti, J. Luzi and F. Passarini, Tools for evaluation of impact associated to MSW incineration: LCA and Integrated Environmental Monitoring System Waste Management, 25, 191-196 (2005)

2) A comparison of gasification with pyrolisis for the recycling of plastic containing wastes", R. Ray, RB Thorpe, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 20073) B. Boughton, A. Horvath, Environmental assessment of shredder residue management / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 47 (2006) 4) Jody, B.J. and Daniels E.J., End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling: The State of the Art of Resource Recovery from Shredder Residue, 20065) Costs and Benefits of the ELV Directive – Final Report, A report submitted by GHK/BIOIS (2006)

Functional unit: 1 ton of ASR managed Data: Ecoinvent LCA database, commercial

shredder plant and literature [ref. 5]Software: SimaPro 7.1.8

1)Current landfilling (European state of the art)2)Non-ferrous metals recycling plant + landifill3)Incineration with energy recovery (5% blend with MSW, ref. [1])

4)Enhanced mechanical plastics recycling (ARGONNE, ref. [3,4])5)Pyro-gasification (THERMOSELECT, ref. [2])

Landfill is the worst scenario for 8 impact categories on a total of 11

Incineration is the worst scenario for 3 impact categories but it is never the best solution

Material recycling is preferred to disposal and energy recovery and affects heavily climate change

Landfilling is related to carcinogens

Energy recovery impacts mostly on ecotoxicity and diseases related to the respiration of inorganic compounds

Recycling brings greater advantages in fossil fuels consumption then energy recovery

Recycling reduces mineral consumption

Ref

eren

ces

Fig. 3 – ASR Landfill Fig. 4 – non-ferrous metal sorting plant Fig. 5 – MWS Incinerator