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8/14/2019 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Municipal Solid
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Solid Wastes Treatment of BangkokusingSolid Wastes Treatment of Bangkokusing
Environmental Management Lab
Environmental Management Lab
a ona e a an a er a s ec no ogy en erNationa l Sc ience a nd Tec hnology Develop ment Agency (NSTDA)
Tha iland
a ona e a an a er a s ec no ogy en erNationa l Sc ience a nd Tec hnology Develop ment Agency (NSTDA)
Tha iland
1
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OutlineIntroductionIntroduction
ObjectiveObjective
e o o ogye o o ogy
Improvement AnalysisImprovement Analysis
ConclusionConclusion
2
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Introduction
Munic ipal areasincluding Pattaya
14,766 ton, 35.99 %
Bangkok
8,780 ton, 21.40 %
Non-munic ipal areas
17,477 ton, 42.60 %
Source: Thailand state of p ollution report 2008, PCD.
3
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Introduction
The management of Thailand waste in 2008
Open dumping
Non-sanitary
. m on ons
15.03 million tonsWaste generated
100%
38%
3.45 million tonsWaste utilization
23% 4.40 million tons
Source: Thailand state of p ollution report 2008, PCD.
4
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Waste dis osal in Thailand
Introduction
Sanitary Landfill 101 sites
- pera e s es
- Not-operated 11 sites
Incineration 3 sites
- Phuket (250 tons/day)-
- Lumpon (10 tons/day)
Integ rated system ~3 sites
- Phang (150 tons/day)
- Rayong (80 tons/day)
- Chonburi (300-400 tons/day)
Source: Pollution Control Department, PCD.6
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The management of BMA waste in 2008Introduction
The amount of waste collected,
Onnuch wastetransfer station
3,336.4 tons/day
Nong Kham wastetransfer station
3,336.4 tons/day
Tha Rang wastetransfer station
2,107.2 tons/day
Panonsarakham Landfill, ,Kampang San distric,
Nakhon Pathom Province5,443.6 tons/day (62%)
ChachoengsaoProvince
2,282.8 tons/day (26%)
Source: Thailand state of pollution rep ort 2008, PCD.
5
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Outline
ObjectiveObjective
MethodologyMethodology
Results & Disc ussionResults & Disc ussion
ConclusionConclusion
Improvement AnalysisImprovement Analysis
7
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Objective
To evaluate the life cycle inventory
analysis of municipal solid waste bylandfill technology of Bangkok
The analysis covered 6
phases:-
-sorting-baler-wrapping--landfill-wastewater trea tment
8
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OutlineIntroductionIntroduction
ObjectiveObjective
MethodologyMethodology
Procedural of Life Cyc le AssessmentProcedural of Life Cyc le Assessment
Result & Disc ussionResult & Disc ussion
Im rovement ana l sisIm rovement ana l sis
onc us ononc us on
9
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Methodology
Procedural Framework of LCA
oa c opeoa cope
DefinitionDefinition
Direc t applications:Direc t applications:
Inventory Analysis(LCI) Interpretation
Produc t developmentand improvement
Strateg ic p lanning
Public po lic y mak ing
Marketing
Impac t Assessment ers
The m ethodology used in this study was based on the life c yc le
approac h ac c ording to the ISO 14040 series requirement.
The m ethodology used in this study was based on the life c yc le
approac h ac c ording to the ISO 14040 series requirement.10
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MethodologySystem boundary
MSW collection
Onnuc h waste transfer station
-
Phanomsarakham sanitary land fill
Wastewater treatment Landfill11
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MethodologySystem boundary
MSW collec tionMSW, DieselEmission to
air
MSW sortingElectricityFuel, etc .
Emission toair, water
Baler-wrappingElectricityWire, PlasticEmission toair, water
Transportation
LandfillMSW, Diesel,water
Emission toair, water, soil
Wastewater trea tmentWastewaterEmission toair, water
Func tiona l unit (FU) is 1 ton of MSW trea tedFunc tiona l unit (FU) is 1 ton of MSW trea ted12
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Methodology
Data collection Onnud transferstation
Onnud transferstationAnnua l report of BMA
-
- Transportation distance
Waste from householdWaste from household Calculation, IPCC
Onsite d ata
-Emission to air
-Water- Electricity
- Wire, plastic
Phanomsarakham Sanitary landfillPhanomsarakham Sanitary landfill13
- Diesel
-Emission to water
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OutlineIntroductionIntroduction
ObjectiveObjective
MethodologyMethodology
ConclusionConclusion
Improvement AnalysisImprovement Analysis
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Result & Discussion
energy
resources, 665 MJ
,
kg CO2
carcinogens, 1.98E-7
ozone layer, 8.11E-6
summer smog, 0.37
winter smog, 0.09
heavy metals, 1.71E-4
acidification, 0.43 eutrophication, 0.07
16
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Result & DiscussionGreenhouse Gas Emission
se a ra t on
Transportation
0.49%
Baler-wrapping
0.94%
0.05%MSW coll ec ting
2.76%
landf i l l
95.76%
17
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Result & DiscussionGreenhouse Gas Emission
Degradation oforganic waste
500
600
700
659.34
100
200
300
400
g
CO2eq.
-100
0
colle
cting
sepa
ration
r-wrap
ping
sport
ation
landfill
rtreatm
ent
.
-0.35
. . .
MS ba tr
wastewa
t
19
Total = 687.80 kg CO2eq. / ton of MSW treatedTotal = 687.80 kg CO2eq. / ton of MSW treated
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Result & DiscussionEnergy Resources
Wastewater
treatment
0.00%
landfi l l
MSW collectin
37.20%30.62%
Tra nsporta tion
6.07%
4.43%Baler-wrapping21.68%
18
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Result & DiscussionEnergy Resources
Diesel,electricity
250
300 271.27223.27
50
100
150MJ
-
158.05
44.26
-50
0
colle
cting
sepa
ratio
n
r-wrap
ping
nspo
rtatio
nlan
dfill
rtreatm
ent
. .
MS ba
tr
wastewa
20
Total = 664.52 MJ / ton of MSW treatedTotal = 664.52 MJ / ton of MSW treated
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Outline
ObjectiveObjective
MethodologyMethodology
esu s sc uss onesu s sc uss on
Im rovement Ana l sisIm rovement Ana l sis
ConclusionConclusion
21
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Improvement analysis
Objective
To reduce the environmental Impac t
SC1: LFG was collec ted and used to produce e lec tricity for
.
SC2: The percentage o f recyc ling ratio wa s raised to 15%.
SC3: The use o f landfill gas to p roduc e e lec tric ity and 15%rec yc le ratio were both assumed.
22Rec yc le ratio (15%) com e from draft master p lan of BMA.
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Improvement analysis
GHG emissions
(kg CO2 eq.)
Present case
Alternative scenarios
SC1 SC2 SC3
687.80 259.67 601.97 212.45
Red uc tion of GHG emissions
(kg CO2 eq.)
428.13
(62.24%)
85.83
(12.47%)
475.35
(69.11%)
SC1:Present
case
o2eq.)
SC2:500
600
700
SC2
15%
(kgC
SC3: +100
200
300 SC1 SC3
24
1 15%
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Outline
ObjectiveObjective
MethodologyMethodology
esu scuss onesu scuss on
Im rovement Ana l sisIm rovement Ana l sis
ConclusionConclusion
23
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Conclusion
The overall GHG emission was 687.80 kg CO2 equivalent per
ton of MSW trea ted. The lar est amount of GHG wasgenerated from the landfill proc ess
e energy n orm o e ec r c y an ese requ re y aproc esses rela ted with the landfill tec hnology was 664.52 MJLHV per ton of MSW treated which mostly resulted from MSW
c ollec tion (271.27 MJ/ ton MSW treated )
Combining the use o f landfill gas to produce e lec tric ity and
terms of GHG reduc tion, resulting in 69.11% reduc tion inGHG emissions as com pared to the present c ase.
22
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
This presentation is a part of projec t Life Cyc le Assessment(LCA) of Munic ipa l Solid Wastes Treatment of Bangkok using
Center (MTEC) under Nationa l Sc ienc e and TechnologyDevelopment Agency (NSTDA), Ministry of Sc ienc e and
Tec hnolo MOST .
The authors would like to thank all contributions for data used inthis study.
25
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Thank you for.Thank you for.
your attention.your attention.
26
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r. om ong a a ur. om ong a a u
Mrs. Pechda WenununMrs. Pechda Wenunun
Environmental management Lab,Environmental management Lab,
The National Metal and MaterialsThe National Metal and Materials,,
Tel. (Tel. (6666))2 564 65002 564 6500 ext.ext.47704770--47764776
..EE--mail:mail: [email protected]@chula.ac.th
pec a m ec.or.pec a m ec.or.
27
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Bac k up slideBac k up slide
26
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Introduction
e managemen o a an was e n
15.03 million tonsWaste generated
100%
Open dumping
9.32 million tons
12.62 million tonsCollection
Non-sanitary62%
Sanitary landfill38%
3.45 million tonsWaste utilization
23% 5.71 million tons
Source: Thailand state of pollution rep ort 2008, PCD.4
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Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Classification NormalizationCharacterization
an atory ements
CO2 Global Warming
[Inventory] [Impact Category]
Grouping
CFCs Ozone LayerDepletion
Weighting
x
NOx
Acidification Integrated
Indicator
Photo Oxidants
Toxicity for Human
Health
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ADP : abiotic depletion : r y
GWP : global warming potential HCA : Human toxicity emission to air HCW : Human toxicity emission to water HCS : Human toxicity emission to soil
AP : acidification potential HT : human toxicity potential
, ECT : ecotoxicity, terrestrial NP : nutrification potential ODP : Ozone depletion potential
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GWP(100years) AP
(CO2 equiv. kg)
CO2 1CH4 21
(SO2 equiv. kg)
NH3 1.88HCl 0.88
2
HFC-23 11700
HFC-41 150
HF 1.6
NO 1.07
SF6 23900
IPCC,1995
2 .
SO2 1
Heijungs et al., CML 1992
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GWPCategory
CH4 1.49E-1
21 3.13
CO2 6.88E+3 1 6.88E+3
-
HFC-134a
.
3.60E-1 1300
.
4.68E+2
N2O 1.99E-1 310 6.17E+1
Total 8.28E+3
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APCategory
NOx 0.70 3.19
SO2
6.09 1 6.09
SOx 2.78E-2 1 2.78E-2
Total 9.31
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1. 18.
2. 19.
3. 20.
4. 1 21.
5. 22.
. .
7. 24.
8. 25.
. .
10. 27.
11. 28.
.
13. 30.
14. 31. .
. .
16. 33. 1
17. 34
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/
60.41 61.00 49.32 49.25 54.51 50.53 51.06
46.88 46.92 34.16 30.59 34.74 44.32 44.99
. . . . . . .
6.76 6.56 8.57 10.13 13.60 1.10 0.00
6.38 5.85 15.08 10.62 8.13 9.69 10.44
(Recycle) 0.00 0.00 2.44 1.86 0.89 0.72 1.96
(Recycle) 1.73 1.49 4.37 3.53 2.42 2.22 3.77
0.59 0.42 1.02 1.35 0.98 1.20 1.44
, . 49.94 0.33 /
2.57 2.30 5.07 2.55 2.97 3.16 1.65
1.49 1.64 2.18 1.33 0.87 2.16 1.62
33.21 33.15 35.60 40.13 37.36 39.78 38.50
(Non Recycle) 8.66 8.58 11.14 11.55 9.51 8.93 9.83
(Non Recycle) 17.15 17.50 15.37 18.30 21.68 24.46 21.26
0.11 0.78 2.19 0.58 0.22 0.83 1.03
: ( 2548)
. . . . . . .
0.51 1.00 0.58 0.68 0.34 0.53 0.26
0.35 1.29 1.74 0.92 0.84 0.45 0.92 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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0.54
1.03
0.39
0.45
.
2.88
CH4 52.80
CO2 44.10
2 .
N2
2.0
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(Green house) COCO
22 11
SimaPro Paper A[1] Paper B[2]
Estimated saving form Recycling Estimated saving form Recycling Virgin Recycled
-CO
2(kg-CO
2/t )
-
10,596 N/A 2,900 4.36
. .
-CO2
(kg-CO2/t )
-Energy (GJ)
+ 2,762.67
29.00
N/A
5.6
1,304
36.85
1,752
26.21
-CO2
(kg-CO2/t )
-Energy (GJ)
1,833.17
69.81
N/A
20.5
1,459.35
60.38
221.17
22.90
-CO2 (kg-CO2/t )
-Energy (GJ)
709.57
3.985
N/A
N/A
632
14.10
278
9.23
-CO2
(kg-CO2/t )
-Energy (GJ)
10,595.9
192.05
N/A
12.6
1,820
25.20
595
9.43
[1]Impact Assessment of Waste management option in Singapore
[2]Life-cycle assessment of municipal solid wastes : Development of the WASTED model
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(kg CO2 eq. / )
. , . .
664.52 -269.77 152.72MJ LHV
- 656.89Kg CO2 eq.- 466.60 kg CO2 eq.
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50%
1 220 kWh
..
1 kWh 0.6 kg CO2 eq.