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Dr. Wolfgang Huhn, AUDI AG
Licht für autonome Fahrzeuge
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The Top three Future Mega Trends
Digitalization
Urbanization
Sustainability
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Today´s most digital Light: Matrix LED
► Matrix LED headlights are „Adaptive Driving Beams“ in other words it´s glare free high beam
► Each segment is individually dimmable and swichable
► Camera detects other traffic. Image processing controls segments.
► Segments with oncomming and proceeding traffic are off. Traffic sign segments have reduced brightness.
► Driver has always long seeing distance
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Video: Matrix LED Night Drive
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3 Hypothesis about the Influence of the
3 Mega Trends on traffic 2025
1. The car population on the road is mixed:
Manually driven, semi autonomous and fully autonomous cars.
Powered by combustion engine, PHEV, BEV, F-Cell
2. City toll systems partly exclude combustion engine cars and
later manually driven cars
3. Car sharing in city further grows.
People use different types of cars they dont know perfectly
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In the U.S., a self-driving car has successfully completed
a test in total darkness
› The test car, a Ford Fusion Hybrid, used laser-based radar as its main road-sensing system and finished a winding
track in the Arizona desert. The so-called Lidar system relies on high-resolution 3D maps. It complements the
cameras installed on the outside of cars, which help navigating during daytime. Thanks to Lidar technology, self-
driving cars are not reliant on visibility conditions.
Is this the future of car lighting?
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As a pedestrian: Would you walk on?
› The driver is texting not looking on the road
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Is this safe traffic by autonomous cars?
› Obvious: The driver is reading a Newspaper and not able to look on the road
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› Communication for autonomous driving
Semcon Smiling Car
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> We need new communication!
> Lighting can play a role
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DML – Digital Matrix Light
Matrix LED-Technology ► Columns
Matrix LED-Technology 2. Generation ► Two Lines above cutt off
Digital Matrix Light ► High Resolution> 1 Mio. Pixel in addition DML
1 Mio. Pixel
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› Footstep animation for environmental interaction
› Content: recommendation and warning
› Target: environment / pedestrian
› Position: low beam area (~12m)
› Addition to low beam cone
Light-based driver assistance
Visual crosswalk
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› Warns the driver in case of critical situations
› Content: warning
› Target: driver
› Position: low beam area (~10 – 35m)
› Addition/Subtraction to/from low beam cone
Light-based driver assistance
Visual emergency break
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› Shows the carwith adaptively depending on trajectory prediction and sensor data
› Content: assistance
› Target: driver
› Position: low beam area (~8m - 35m)
› Addition to low beam cone
Light-based driver assistance
Construction zone lighting
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High resolution technologies
Technologies
LED Array LCD Laserscanner DMD
Subtractive Additive
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High resolution technologies
System resolution
LED Array: >1000
LCD: >10.000
DMD: >1.000.000
Beam scanning: Flexible resolution
Resolution
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Technical Issues
► Small projection
lense
► Depending on
light function high
absorption rate
► Flexible
backlight
illumination
► Cheap
► Large
projection
lense
► High efficiency
due to active
illumination. No
absorption of
light
► High thermal
requirements
► Flexible aspect
ratio
► Phosphor
crossovern
results in a low
contrast
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> In certain traffic situations,“ the Companion“ is in visual contact with road users.
The green light on the front of the vehicle helps the pedestrian to cross the road
BMW
Source: BMW
Source: BMW Source: BMW Source: BMW
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Mercedes
F015 Concept Car
Source: Mercedes Source: Mercedes
> LED fields in the front show, if the car ist
driving autonomously (blue) or is controlled
manually (white)
> A laser system at the front of the car projects
a virtual crosswalk
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VW I. D.
› The I. D. communicates with the environment by lighting
› Interactive Spotlight – the headlights interact like human eyes
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And Rear Lighting?
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› A dynamic effect (linear wiping) within first 150 msec. Makes a significant difference and shows traffic safety
relevant improvements in direction detection and reaction / visual processing speed
Dynamic Direction Indicator
Static Direction Indicator
Dynamic Direction Indicator
dynamic vs. static
D
Real Scencery: Direction Indicator recognition
72% 85% + 18%
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› The rear has been converted into a large display
› Movements of the dots take their orientation from movements of the car
› When a right turn is made, they flow to the right; when the car is braking they flow more dynamically and brighter.
› The faster the car is going, the faster they move
› The driver in the car behind can thus always tell what the driver ahead is doing
Matrix OLED Technology
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Mercedes
F015 – Concept Car
Source: Mercedes Source: Mercedes
› The LED filds at the rear of the vehicle tells pedestrian to STOP or SLOW
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Mitsubishi
Road Projection by Direction Indicators
› The system projects large, easy-to-understand animated illuminations onto road
surfaces to help pedestrians to comprehend driver´s intention
Forward indicator Reverse indicator Door opening indicator
source: Mitsubishi source: Mitsubishi source: Mitsubishi
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Reversing indicator › It is used when the vehicle ist moving backward. The direction of the vehicle´s movement can be intuitively understood. The pattern blinks on and off at a frequency of 0.7 Hz
Emergency braking indicator › When the driver suddenly applies the brakes, it blinks a red pattern on the road surface. To indicate an emergent situation, the pattern blinks on and off at a relatively high frequency of 5Hz
Turn Signal › It indicates direction changes and right and left turns. It blinks at a frequency of 1.5 Hz
Stanley
Road Surface projection signal lamp
source: Stanley
source: Stanley
source: Stanley
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Electric cars
Audi R8 e-tron
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Electric cars
› From the outside it is not visible whether the car is electrical or not
VW e-Golf Tesla Model 3
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Additional signature light for electric driven cars?
› Additional signature light in the bumper to differentiate between electric and
normal cars
Toyota Prius VW e-Up Renault Trezor
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› New lighting signature for electric cars
› Black Panel front grill: glazed design element with a shining Mercedes star and all lighting elements
› The rear lights are framed by a LED light guide in electric blue. In the driving modus the color changes into red.
› The lighting signature changes into orange, when the indicator is activated
Mercedes
EQ – SUV Study
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›Car Sharing
Car Sharing fleet needs at least
one digital function (urgent!)
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Car Sharing Companys in Munich
› People use different types of cars they dont know perfectly (at all)
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(Too) many individual solutions for light swiching
› Automatization of all vital light functions is neccessary (DRL, low /high beam, rear fog light)
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Conclusion
Automotive Industry needs guidelines for future communication with light
1. International Research about C2X communication with light for
next generation vehicles is necessary
2. Worldwide standard C2X signals need to be discussed
3. Are status displays (front, rear, side) for fully autonomous
cruising / electric drive neccessary?
Thank you