The story The story of the U.S. of the U.S. ConstitutioConstitutio

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The story The story of the U.S. of the U.S. ConstitutioConstitutio

nn Liberty TreeLiberty Tree

Magna CartaMagna Carta English Bill English Bill of Rightsof Rights

Liberty TreeLiberty Tree

FundamenFundamental Orders tal Orders

of of ConnecticConnectic

utut

MayfloweMayflower Compactr Compact

Town Town Hall Hall

MeetingsMeetings

House of House of BurgessBurgess

eses

Articles of Articles of ConfederationConfederation

ContinenContinental tal

CongressCongress

U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution

At the At the Constitutional Constitutional Convention, Convention,

the delegates the delegates created a new created a new plan for the plan for the

U.S. U.S. government government that focused that focused

on two things.on two things.

Structure and

Function

Structure and

Function

StructureStructureStructureStructure is the framework of our government.

structurestructureWhat do you notice What do you notice

about the about the structure of a of a tree?tree?

What do you notice What do you notice about the about the structure of a of a

tree?tree?

limbslimbs

root systemroot system

branchesbranches

leavesleaves

tree barktree bark

threethree

JudicialJudicial

LegislativeLegislative

ExecutiveExecutive

The government structure has three branches.

StructureStructure

LegislativLegislative Branch:e Branch:StructureStructure

SenateSenate •2 per state2 per state•6-year terms6-year terms

House of House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

•based on based on populationpopulation•2-year terms2-year terms

Elected by the Elected by the peoplepeople

BicameralBicameral = = made of two made of two

houseshouses

StructureStructure

Executive Executive Branch:Branch:

StructureStructure

•President President (4-year (4-year term)term)

•Vice-PresidentVice-President

•Cabinet MembersCabinet Members

•AppointeesAppointees

StructureStructureExecutive Executive Branch:Branch:StructureStructure

ViceVice-PresidenPresiden

tt

ViceVice-PresidenPresiden

tt

DickDick CheneyCheneyDickDick CheneyCheney George W. BushGeorge W. Bush George W. BushGeorge W. Bush

PresidentPresidentPresidentPresidentSecretarySecretary of of

StateState

SecretarySecretary of of

StateState

ColinColin PowellPowellColinColin PowellPowell

StructureStructure

Judicial Judicial Branch:Branch:

StructureStructure

•U. S. Supreme Court U. S. Supreme Court (life-terms)(life-terms)

•District Courts District Courts (appointed)(appointed) •County and Local Courts County and Local Courts (elected)(elected)

•U. S. Supreme Court U. S. Supreme Court (life-terms)(life-terms)

•District Courts District Courts (appointed)(appointed) •County and Local Courts County and Local Courts (elected)(elected)

functionfunction

provideprovidess shadeshade

home home for for

some some animaanima

lsls

holdsholds soilsoil inin placeplace

What is the What is the functionfunction of a of a tree?tree?

• provide for provide for the common the common

defensedefense

• ensure ensure domestic domestic

tranquilitytranquility

• promote promote the general the general

welfarewelfare

• establish justicejustice

•secure the blessings of liberty to secure the blessings of liberty to

ourselves, and our ourselves, and our posterity•secure the blessings of liberty to secure the blessings of liberty to

ourselves, and our ourselves, and our posterity

The The preamblepreamble to the to the Constitution tells the Constitution tells the function function or WHAT the or WHAT the

government does for the government does for the people.people.

The The preamblepreamble to the to the Constitution tells the Constitution tells the function function or WHAT the or WHAT the

government does for the government does for the people.people.

Idea may Idea may become a become a bill bill (proposed law) (proposed law) in House of in House of Representatives Representatives or Senateor Senate

•MakesMakes lawslaws

Legislative Branch:FunctionFunction

Legislative Branch:FunctionFunction

U.S. U.S. CongressCongress•ElectedElected byby thethe peoplepeople

People discuss ideas People discuss ideas and tell and tell representativesrepresentatives in in CongressCongress

Bill becomes a law if Bill becomes a law if approved by both approved by both houses and signed houses and signed by the Presidentby the President

Executive Branch: Function

Executive Branch: Function

The White The White HouseHouse

•Ensures that Ensures that the laws are the laws are carried outcarried out

•Elected by Elected by the people the people

and electoral and electoral college college systemsystem

Judicial Branch: Judicial Branch: FunctionFunction

Judicial Branch: Judicial Branch: FunctionFunction

Supreme Supreme CourtCourt

•Interprets the laws (decides if laws are fair)•Tries civil and criminal cases in lower courts

•Nine justices on Nine justices on U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Supreme Court

•AppointedAppointed byby PresidentPresident andand approvedapproved byby CongressCongress

Each branch Each branch checks and checks and balancesbalances the other the other

branches.branches.

PresidentPresidentCongress Supreme

CourtCourt

Legislative branchLegislative branch can can remove judges from officeremove judges from office

Executive branchExecutive branch can veto law can veto lawLegislative branchLegislative branch makes laws makes laws

Checks and BalancesChecks and BalancesChecks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Legislative branchLegislative branch can can override presidential override presidential veto with a 2/3 voteveto with a 2/3 vote

Judicial branchJudicial branch can can declare a law declare a law

unconstitutionalunconstitutional

Executive branch appoints Supreme Court

justices

LegislativeLegislative branch branch hashas toto approveapprove thethe appointmentappointment ofof

thethe justicesjustices

House of House of Representatives Representatives brings charges against brings charges against the President the President (impeach)(impeach)

Legislative branchLegislative branch can remove can remove president from president from officeoffice

Legislative branchLegislative branch can remove can remove president from president from officeoffice

Senate holds a trial Senate holds a trial and 2/3 vote needed and 2/3 vote needed to remove President to remove President from officefrom office

The U.S. The U.S. Constitution has Constitution has

seven articles that articles that explain the explain the

structure and structure and function of the function of the government.government.

The U.S. The U.S. Constitution has Constitution has

seven articles that articles that explain the explain the

structure and structure and function of the function of the government.government.

Article 1: Legislative BranchArticle 1: Legislative Branch

Article 2: Executive BranchArticle 2: Executive Branch

Article 3: Judicial BranchArticle 3: Judicial Branch

Article 4: Relations Among StatesArticle 4: Relations Among States

Article 5: Amending the Article 5: Amending the ConstitutionConstitution

Article 6: National SupremacyArticle 6: National Supremacy

Article 7: RatificationArticle 7: Ratification

The The structurestructure and and functionfunction

of our of our government government are based on are based on seven basic seven basic principles.principles.

Seven Basic Principles Seven Basic Principles of the Constitutionof the Constitution

Limited powers of governmentgovernment

Separation of Separation of powerspowers

Popular Popular sovereigntysovereignty

Checks and Checks and balancesbalances

Individual Individual rightsrights

RepublicaniRepublicanismsm

FederalisFederalismm

Since King George III Since King George III had had unlimitedunlimited power, power,

the writers of the the writers of the U.S. Constitution U.S. Constitution wanted “we the wanted “we the

people” to put people” to put limits limits on the governmenton the government..

The Constitution The Constitution outlined exactly what outlined exactly what the government could the government could

do.do.

Separation of Separation of powerspowers divides the divides the

operation of operation of government into government into

three equal three equal branches.branches.

““Sovereignty”Sovereignty” comes from comes from

“sovereign” which “sovereign” which means ruler.means ruler.

““Popular”Popular” means people. means people...““Popular”Popular” means people. means people...

Popular Popular sovereignty sovereignty == people choose people choose

In other words…In other words…

Popular Popular sovereignty sovereignty is the is the

belief that the belief that the people hold the people hold the final authority in final authority in

government.government.

Each branch Each branch of the of the

government government checks and balances, or , or monitors, the monitors, the power of the power of the

other two other two branches.branches.

Individual rights Individual rights are the are the basic liberties and rights basic liberties and rights

that are guaranteed in the that are guaranteed in the first 10 amendments to the first 10 amendments to the

Constitution, the Bill of Constitution, the Bill of Rights. These individual Rights. These individual

rights have been extended rights have been extended through subsequent through subsequent amendments to the amendments to the

Constitution.Constitution.

Individual rights Individual rights are the are the basic liberties and rights basic liberties and rights

that are guaranteed in the that are guaranteed in the first 10 amendments to the first 10 amendments to the

Constitution, the Bill of Constitution, the Bill of Rights. These individual Rights. These individual

rights have been extended rights have been extended through subsequent through subsequent amendments to the amendments to the

Constitution.Constitution.

ExamplesExamples

Freedom of speechFreedom of speech Freedom of Freedom of presspress

Freedom of religionFreedom of religion Right to a Right to a trial by trial by

juryjury

RepublicanismRepublicanism is a is a philosophy of limited philosophy of limited

government in which elected government in which elected representatives serve at the representatives serve at the

will of the people.will of the people.

RepublicanismRepublicanism is a is a philosophy of limited philosophy of limited

government in which elected government in which elected representatives serve at the representatives serve at the

will of the people.will of the people.

ExamplesExamples

State legislaturesState legislatures Congress Congress

FederalismFederalism is the division is the division and sharing of powers and sharing of powers between the state and between the state and national government.national government.

FederalismFederalism is the division is the division and sharing of powers and sharing of powers between the state and between the state and national government.national government.

National PowersNational Powers

•maintain armed maintain armed forcesforces

•coin moneycoin money

•declare wardeclare war

•make foreign make foreign policypolicy

State PowersState Powers

•provide for provide for educationeducation

•conduct electionsconduct elections

•provide public provide public safetysafety

•regulate trade in regulate trade in statestate

Powers Shared by National Powers Shared by National and State Governmentsand State Governments

•raise taxesraise taxes

•administer criminal justiceadminister criminal justice

•provide for public welfareprovide for public welfare

•charter bankscharter banks

•borrow moneyborrow money

Rooted in these Rooted in these seven seven

principles, the principles, the U.S. U.S.

Constitution has Constitution has endured since endured since

1787.1787.

Rooted in these Rooted in these seven seven

principles, the principles, the U.S. U.S.

Constitution has Constitution has endured since endured since

1787.1787. This living document This living document protectsprotects the the

rights of the individuals by rights of the individuals by limiting the powerlimiting the power of the of the

government.government.

Visual Metaphor:Visual Metaphor:

How is the U.S. government like a How is the U.S. government like a tricycle?tricycle?

Visual Metaphor:Visual Metaphor:

How is the U.S. government like a How is the U.S. government like a tricycle?tricycle?

Handle bars =Handle bars = ConstitutionConstitution

Platform = Separation of powers

Label the parts of the tricycle Label the parts of the tricycle with these other words.with these other words.

The PeopleThe People

Executive Executive BranchBranch

Legislative Legislative BranchBranch

Judicial BranchJudicial Branch

PresidentPresident

CongressCongress

Supreme CourtSupreme Court

Checks and Checks and BalancesBalances

The foundation of our The foundation of our government and the government and the

supreme law of the landsupreme law of the land