Levels of ion

8/3/2019 Levels of ion

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LEVELS OF ORGANISATION

Harisha DM-06-059Shailin DM-06-058

Gowthami DM-06-054

Sagar DM-06-056

Pavan DM-06-057

Dhanunjay DM-06-63


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What is Organization

A group of people who work together

When two or more people get together and

agree to coordinate their activities in order to

achieve their common goals.

The responsibilities by means of which the

activities of the enterprise are dispersed

among the (managerial, supervisory, and

specialist) personnel employed in its service.


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Objectives of Organizational Behaviors

Understanding the employees better

Understand the culture of an organization

Understand how to develop good leaders

Develop a good team

Higher productivity


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Individual level of Organisation

At the individual level of analysis,

organizational behaviour involves the study of

learning, perception, creativity, motivation,

personality, turnover, task performance,

cooperative behaviour, deviant behaviour,

ethics

Ability & Learning Values, Attitudes and JobSatisfaction Personality & Emotions

Perception & Individual Decision Making

Basic Motivation Concepts Motivation and its

Applications


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THE SYSTEM APPROACH TO

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Modem theorists apply a five-part system

approach to organizational behaviour:

the individual

the formal organization

the informal organization


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Dynamics of Individual Organization

The model are applied freely at every level ofanalysis, even though mosey believe onlyindividuals think

The relationship between thought and actionand the dynamics of learning and forgettingremain unclear

Every individual employee occupy roles andfollow rules so raising questions about howsuch constraints on workplace activity


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Group Dynamics Two or more individuals who are connected to one

another by social relationships.


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Primary

Secondary

Planned (concocted and founded)

Emergent (circumstantial and self-organizing)

Types of Groups


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Cont..

Congregations, work

groups, unions,

professional

associations

Larger, less intimate, more

goal-focused groups typical

of more complex societies

Secondary

groups

Families, close friends,

tight-knit peer groups,

gangs, elite militarysquads

Small, long-term groups

characterized by face-to-face

interaction & high levels ofcohesiveness, solidarity, &

member identification

Primary

groups

ExamplesCharacteristicsType ofGroup


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Interaction: task and relationship

Interdependence: sequential, reciprocal,

mutual

Structure: roles, norms, relations

Goals: generating, choosing, negotiating,

executing

What are some commoncharacteristics of groups?


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Groups are systems that create, organize, and

sustain interaction among members

Task Interaction actions performed by

individuals pertaining to groups tasks and

goals

Relationship Interaction actions performed

by the group relating to emotional and

interpersonal bonds

Characteristics of Groups - Interaction


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Characteristics of Groups -

Interdependence

Experiences are determined by othermembers of the group and vice versa

Sequential influence of one member to the

next. Reciprocal two or more members may

influence each other

Multilevel the outcome of larger groups areinfluenced by the activities of smaller groups


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Types of groups

a. Formal groups are work groups establishedby the organization and have designated work

assignments and established tasks. The

bheaviour in which one should engage arestipulated by and directed towardorganizational goals.

b. Informal groups are of a social nature andare natural formations. They tend to formaround friendships and common interests.


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Why Do People Join Groups?

There is no single reason why individuals join groups

Security reflects a strength in numbers

Status indicates a prestige that comes from belonging

to a particular group Affiliation with groups can fulfil one's social needs

Self-esteem conveys people's feelings of self-worth

Finally, people may join a group for goal achievement.


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Interdisciplinary: psychology

sociology

political science anthropology

business

groups are influenced by the activities of


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Group Decision making

Important decisions are taken by groups not

by individuals

Generally group decision is better than

individual decision making

Advantages of group decision making

Groups perform better than individuals in

decision making because


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Continue

A wide range of alternatives and solution is

considered

Decision taken in a group are well accepted

and the level of commitment is also high

People accept a decision when they have

contributed to decision making

Ch t i ti f ll f ti i


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Characteristics of a well-functioning,

effective group

A group is considered effective if it is having followingcharacteristics.

Relaxed, comfortable, informal atmosphere

Task to be performed are well understood & accepted Members listen well & participate in given assignments

Clear assignments made & accepted

Group aware of its operation & function

People express feelings & ideas

Consensus decision making

Conflict & disagreement center around ideas


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Factors of group cohesiveness


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Motivation

Maslows needs hierarchy


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Individual & Group Dynamics

Economic theory is based on the assumption

that individuals are self-interested

A person makes decisions based on the costs

and benefits that he or she perceives

There must be power in collective decision

making.We guess it is safer to say group

thinking is more reliable than individual

thinking


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Individuals In to Team Players

Some individuals prefer to be recognized for

their individual achievements.

In some organizations, too, work

environments are such that only the "strong"

survive.

Creating teams in such an environment may

meet some resistance.


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Continue

An individual can think well and give a greatoutput so as a group they can think and give agreat output too and to favor one on the

other it wont be a accurate thin to do ,as oneperson thinking can lead to a scientific

self-interested decisions can be coordinatedfor the good of the group.


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GROUP ROLES

The concept of roles applies to all employees

in organizations and to their life outside the

organization as well.

Individuals play multiple roles.

Employees attempt to determine what

behaviours are expected of them.


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Key Terms

Individuals: Individuals are important units of anyorganization

Group: A group is defined as two or more interacting andinterdependent individuals who come together to achieveparticular objectives.

Team: A team is a mature group with highly independentmembers who are completely committed to a commongoal.

Role: A role refers to a set of expected behaviour patterns

attributed to someone who occupies a given position in asocial unit.

Self Esteem: Self-esteem conveys people's feelings of self-worth.


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Levels of ion