RASHIDUL ISLAM ID: 20121107007

Department of Applied Chemistry and

Chemical Engineering.BSMRSTU

Description of Different Types of

Ion ExchangerCOURSE TITLE: PYRO & HYDRO METALLURGY

COURSE NO: ACCE-460

Ion Exchange• Process in which ions of one substance are replaced by

similarly charged ions of another substance.• Ion exchange is an adsorption phenomenon.• It is basically a reversible chemical process.

Ion Exchangers• An ion exchannger is an insoluble framework or matrix

which carries positive or negative electric charged ion.• The positive or negative ions are exchanged by the

medium ions.• The insoluble frameworks are made of up crosslinked

polymer.• Ionic functional groups are attached to this framework• Also known as ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange

polymer.

Types of Ion Exchanger• Ion exchangers are two types

A. Cation exchanger

B. Anion exchanger

A. Cation exchanger• Exchange positive ions or cations

(Structure of a cation exchanger)

• Solid-H+ + M+ Solid-M+ + H+

(Cation exchanger) (solution) (solution)

Types of Cation exchangerCation exchangers are two types,

1. Inorganic Cation exchanger

2. Organic Cation exchanger

1. Inorganic Cation exchanger

Natutal

Aluminosilicates e.g. Zeolite, Montmorillonite, Analite etc

Synthetic

Hydrous oxide, Zirconium, Phosphates etc

2. Organic Cation exchanger

Natural

Sulfonated coals, Lignites, Peat etc

Synthetic

Sulfonated phenol, Formaldehyde resin etc

• Generally Synthetic Organic Cation exchangers are widely used.• These are two types

i. Strongly Acidic Cation Exchanger

ii. Weakly Acidic Cation Exchanger

i. Strongly Acidic Cation Exchanger• Contain Sulphonic acid (—SO3

– H+ ) as functional groups

(Structure of Strongly Acidic Cation Exchanger)

Examples of Strongly Acidic Cation Exchanger:

AmberliteTM IR120 Na

DowexTM Marathon C puroliteTM C100

ii. Weakly Acidic Cation Exchanger • Contain Carboxylic acid (—COOH) as a functional groups.

(Structure of weakly Acidic Cation Exchanger)

Examples of Weakly Acidic Cation Exchanger:

DowexTM MAC3 LewatitTM CNP80 AmberliteTM IRC86

B. Anion exchanger• Exchange negative ions or anion

(Structure of a anion exchanger)

• Solid-OH- + A- Solid-A- + OH-

(anion exchanger) (solution) (solution)

Types of Anion exchangerAnion exchangers are two types

1. Inorganic anion exchanger

Natural

Kaolinite, Apatite, Fluorapatite, Hydroxyapatite etc

2. Organic anion exchanger

Syntetic

Polymerization of an aromatic amine and formaldehyde.

• Generally Synthetic Organic ation exchangers are widely used.• These are two types

i. Strongly Basic Anion Exchangerii. Weakly Basic Anion Exchanger

i. Strongly Basic Anion Exchanger• Contain Quaternary ammonium (—N(CH3)3

+ OH–) as functional groups

(Structure of strongly basic Cation Exchanger)

Examples of Strongly Basic Anion Exchanger:

DowexTM Marathon A LewatitTM MP600PuroliteTM A400

ii. Weakly Basic Anion Exchanger • Contain Amines [—N(CH3)2 ] as a functional group

(Structure of weakly basic Cation Exchanger)

Examples of Weakly Basic Anion Exchanger:

PuroliteTM A100 AmberliteTM ira 94 AmberliteTM ira 400

Applications of Ion Exchanger• Softening of water• Demineralisation or deionisation of water• Purification of some solutions to be free from ionic

impurities• Separation of inorganic ions• Organic separations: mixture of pharmaceutical

compounds ca be separated• Biochemical separations like isolation of drugs• Removal or recovery of metal

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