Lets start the new topic Energy issues. Energy issues - How can we classify different energy sources? Learning Objectives: To investigate types of energy and apply this to the use of energy in the UK. 16th January 2014 Learning Outcomes: Essential you will know the importance of renewable and non-renewable resources as sources of energy. Stretch you will examine the energy mix of the UK. Challenge you will investigate the energy mixes of other countries and how this differs to the UK. STARTER ACTIVITY Q1) Where ultimately does all of our energy sources come from? Q2) You have 2 minutes to name as many types of energy as you can The Sun The original source of most energy resources. Plants metabolise the Suns energy through photosynthesis. Q1) The Sun - the ultimate source of energy Coal Wind Biomass Oil Different energy types How many did you name? Wave The Sun. Natural gas Biofuels Energy can be divided into non renewable (stock) and renewable (flow) What do these terms mean? Non renewable Non-renewable types of energy can only be used once. There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually. Non-renewable resources make up approximately 95% of the worlds energy. We call these critical stock resources. fossil fuels nuclear coal gasoil fuelwood Non-renewable energy biomass mineral Fossil fuels: Stock Resources Oil, coal and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. They were formed from biological deposits millions of years ago. They are finite and are referred to as stock resources as we cannot produce any more. Oil Coal Natural gas Fuels that are formed in the Earth from plant or animal remains; e.g., coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Renewable energy: Flow resources Renewable energy is an everlasting resource. It can also be referred to as an non critical flow of energy into the energy mix. Renewables often require high capital investment and therefore often comprise a lower percentage of a countries energy mix. What are primary and secondary energy sources? These are sources of energy found in nature that has not been converted or transformed in any way and can be renewable or non renewable. These are sources of energy that have been transformed or converted into a more useable form. What is the difference between flow and stock resources? What is a reserve?What is electricity?What is sustainable development? What are resources? What is the difference between renewable and non- renewable resources? What are renewable resources? What is the difference between critical and non- critical resources? What are fossil fuels? What is the difference between primary and secondary energy? Describe how the UKs energy mix changed between 1965 and 2005 Energy sources Britains Energy Mix (2002 ) Animation showing the formation of fossil fuels Fossil fuels how much is left ? Why are these only estimated reserves ? How was coal was formed? Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud stopped them from rotting away. Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plants. After millions of years under this pressure, the mud becomes rock and the plants become coal. 300 million years ago, plants photosynthesized and stored the suns energy. coal There is still a great deal of coal and this resource will last the longest. However, it also creates the most pollution when burnt. Coal formation How was oil was formed? Oil is also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like now their ecosystem was dependent upon heat and light from the sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but they didnt rot away. Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas. Oil formation Oil rig Look at these photographs. What impact do these thermal power stations have on the environment? Over 90% of Britains energy comes from gas, coal and oil, thermal power stations. Thermal power stations electricity pylons steam from the cooling towers buildings Thermal power stations OILGASCOAL Match the sentences to the different types of fuel. (some statements may apply to more than one fuel) power stations associated with this fuel are located on deep coastal estuaries fuel can be easily transported produces a smaller amount of greenhouse gases than the other fossil fuels when burnt power stations associated with this fuel are located near the supply of fuel the fuel heats water to produce steam fuel is bulky fuel may only last between years there is a danger of spillage with this fuel this fuel produces just under 50% of the electricity in the UK Nuclear Nuclear energy is made from the mineral, uranium. These power stations are often located by the coast or on estuaries where there is water for cooling. France has 55 nuclear power stations. This one is in the Rhone Valley. Nuclear uranium = tonnes of coal 0ne tonne of uranium can produce the same amount of electricity as 25,000 tonnes of coal. Nuclear or fossil fuels? Nuclear energy will cause a loss of mining jobs Nuclear energy is the clean fuel of the future What about nuclear waste? There is worry about nuclear disasters Fossil fuels will run out Fossil fuels cause pollution Terminals and refineries take up space There have been no serious nuclear accidents in Britain Nuclear power is too costly to be used for heating and transport It is very expensive to decommission old nuclear power stations Oil and gas could be exhausted by 2040 Only small amounts of uranium are needed in nuclear power stations Types of energy Primary energy in the UK Pages Describe the primary energy supply in the UK using Fig Why have most coal pits closed in the UK? 3.How much oil and gas does the UK produce? 4.What has happened to the oil and gas reserves? 5.What happened to the UK in 2004? 6.Why is this important in terms of supply and prices? 7.What target did the UK government set for 2010? 8.Why did it set this target? 9.What has been done to achieve this target? 10.Describe where biomass fuel often comes from. 11.Why do you think this is such a useful energy sources? 12.Describe how important wind power is in the UK. 13.Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using wind power in the UK.