Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar. Objectives of Teaching 1. To comprehend the whole text 2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions 3. To

Lesson one

The Middle Eastern Bazaar

Objectives of Teaching

1. To comprehend the whole text

2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions

3. To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences

4. To understand the structure of the text

5. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.

Important and difficult points: 1. The comprehension and appreciation of

the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.

2. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.

3. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etc.

Writing Style A description is painting a picture in

words of a person, place, object, or scene. a description is generally developed

through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic of the person or thing described.

Detailed Study of the Text

1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast

Africa, including the Near East and Iran and

Afghanistan.

*image-1* ( 中东地图） *image-2* （中东集市， flash)

The Middle Eastern bazaar reminds you of thi

ngs hundreds --- even thousands--- of years ago.


Personification: an act of personifying sth.

that is without life

Hyperbole: overstate or exaggerate sth. in

order to make it sound bigger, smaller,

better, worse, etc. than it really is


2. particular: special, single and

different from others.

The teacher took particular (special)

notice of me.

On this particular (single) day we had

to be at school early.

3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture

Goth: one of the German tribes

arch: a curved top sometimes with a

central point resting on 2 supports as

above a door.


aged: a. My son is aged 10. a middle aged couple b. [id] ancient He is aged. her aged grandfather Medical care for the aged


4. glare: shining intensely, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes

5. cavern: a large deep cave, closed roofed place.

Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.



6. losing itself in the shadowy distance:

In the farthest distance everything

becomes obscure, unclear, only dimly

visible in the dark surroundings.

shadow: darkness where direct light,

esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.

shadowy: hard to see or know about

clearly, not distinct, dim

7. harmony: musical notes combined

together in a pleasant sounding way

harmoniously: in a pleasant and peaceful

way


tinkle: to make a light metallic sound

The rain tinkled on the metal roof.

to tinkle coins together



8. throng: large crowd of people, a crowd

of people busy doing sth.

Throng varies so little in meaning from

crowd that the two words are often used

interchangeably without loss.


Throng sometimes carries the

stronger implication of movement and

of pushing and the weaker implication

of density.

The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng

of shoppers.


10. roadway:

a. central part used by cars, the

middle part of a road where cars

drive

b. a narrow piece of land over which a

road passes

11. narrow: make or become narrow

In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her

eyes.

The river narrows at this point.

12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted

shop in a public place, sth. not permanent,

often can be put together and taken away,

on which wares are set up for sale.


13. din: loud, confused, continuous

noise. The word often suggests

unpleasant, disordered mixture of

confusing and disturbing sounds.

The din in the theatre stopped when

the curtain was raised.

the din of the cheerful crowd


14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop.

to advertise / hawk / peddle one's wares

15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is not

a would-be musician / football player her would-be husband



17. bargain: to talk about the condition of

a sale, agreement, or contract

18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were

turning round

The two-day journey on the bus makes

me dizzy.

19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or

force a way into or through.

The bullet can penetrate a wall.

Rainwater has penetrated through

the roof of my house.


20. fade: to lose strength, colour,

freshness, etc.

fade away: go slowly out of hearing,

gradually disappearing

The light faded as the sun went down.

The sound of the footsteps faded away.


The farther you push / force your way

into the bazaar, the lower and softer the

noise becomes until finally it disappears.

Then you arrive at the cloth market

where the sound is hardly audible.



21. mute: verb: to reduce the sound of, to make a

sound softer than usual to mute a musical instrument Here in the text the word "muted" is

used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.

22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness.

The path becomes flat because of the walking of countless people through thousands of years.

We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.


23. deaden: to cause to lose strength,

force, feeling, and brightness

Two of these pills will deaden the pain.

24. vaulted: in the form of a vault --- a

series of arches built to form a roof

25. measured: carefully controlled


26. overwhelm: overcome, control

completely and usu. suddenly

Sorrow overwhelmed the family.

She was overwhelmed with grief.

They won an overwhelming victory /

majority.


27. sepulchral: related to grave,

gloomy, dismal

sepulchre: old and bibl. use, a burial

place; a tomb


28. follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits 。

A set of cards consists of 4 suits.They are hearts, diamonds, spades and clubs. In poker, if someone deals a spade, you follow suit.

When the others went swimming, I followed suit.

He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.


29. peculiarity: a special feature that is different from normal or usual, strangeness.

One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not of the same colour.

The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.


30. deal in: sell and buy, trade in

This merchant deals in silk goods.

Most foreign trading companies in

West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa

and vegetable oils.


31. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate

widely, to spread widely in all directions

as if by throwing

Hearing the explosion, the frightened

people scattered about in all directions.



One of the special features /

characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is

that shopkeepers in the same trade

always gather together in the same

place to do their business.


32. knit: to make things to wear by uniting

threads into a kind of close network.

Here, to unite or join closely

33. guild / gild: an association for

businessmen or skilled workers who joined

together in former times to help one

another


34. persecution: cruel treatment persecute: to treat cruelly, cause to

suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefs

Many intellectuals were persecuted in the Cultural Revolution.

be persecuted by sb. for sth. suffer from political / religious

persecution

35. line: form rows along

36. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each

end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu.

in pairs, as a removable support of a

table or other flat surface.


37. order of the day: the characteristic

or dominant feather or activity, the

prevailing state of things

If sth. is the order of the day, it is very

common among a particular group of

people


Learning English is now the order of the

day in China.

Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the

order of the day now.


38. veil: covering of fine net or other

material to protect or hide a woman's face

39. leisure: time free from work, having

plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do

sth.

40. pace: rate or speed in walking,

marching, running or developing



41. preliminary: coming before sth.,

introducing or preparing for sth. more

important, preparatory

There were several preliminary meetings

before the general assembly.

A physical examination is a preliminary to

joining the army.

42. beat down: to reduce by argument or other

influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a price

The man asked $50 for the dress, but I beat him down to $35.



43. a point of honour: sth. considered

important for one's self-respect

It's a point of honour with me to keep my

promise = I made it a point of honour to

keep my promise.


In our country, it is a point of honour

with a boy to pay the bill when he is

dining with a girl / when he dines a girl;

but on the other hand, a western girl

would regard it a point of honour (with

her) to pay the bill herself.


44. make a point of / make it a point to: do

sth because one considers it important or

necessary, to take particular care of, make

extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as

necessary

I always make a point of checking that all

the windows are shut before I go out.


I always made a point of being on time.

I always make a point of remembering

my wife's birthday.

He made a point of thanking his hostess

before he left the party.


45. what it is: used to stress What is it she really likes? What is it you do? What is it you really want? 46. protest: to express one's

disagreement, feeling of unfairness Here: insist firmly

47. deprive of: take away from

The judge deprived him of his political

rights.

The accident deprived him of his sight /

hearing.



48. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some

good purpose or belief

The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or

calves before engaging in a battle.

(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or

value

I need the money and I have to sacrifice (on

the price of) my car.

49. regard: respect Regard is colourless and formal. It usu.

requires a modifier to reinforce its meaning I hold her in high / low / the greatest regard. to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion. Steve was not highly regarded in his

hometown.



50. the customer coming and going at

intervals.

at intervals: happening regularly after

equal periods of time

Trains leave at short intervals.

The trees were planted beside the road at

50-meters intervals.


51. picturesque: charming or

interesting enough to be made into a

picture, striking, vivid

52. -smith: a worker in metal, a

maker

copper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-

smith

53. bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noise

The door banged open / shut. He banged the window shut. a noisy, usu. metallic sound of

collision, swords clash The dustbins clashed as the men

emptied them.


54. impinge on (upon): to have

influence on, (Here: to strike)

The strong light impinges on his eyes.

The noise of the aeroplane overhead

impinged on our ears.


55. distinct: clearly seen, heard,

understood, etc.

Anything clearly noticed is distinct.

There is a distinct smell of cigarette

smoke in this room.


56. round: to go round Please round your lips to say "oo". Stones rounded by the action of water

are called cobbles. 57. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu.

with sth. hard and smooth, to make smooth and shiny



58. brazier: open metal framework like a

basket, usu. on legs, for holding a charcoal

or coal fire (see picture in ALD)

*image-4* ( 此处要一 brazier 的图，在 ALD

中可找到。） 60. incredible: too strange to be believed,

unbelievable

credible: deserving or worthy of

belief, trustworthy

Is the witness's story credible?

61. hammer away at:

away: continuously, constantly

He was laughing away all afternoon.



62. vessel: a round container, such as a

glass, a pot, or a bottle, used for holding

liquids

63. bellows: an instrument for blowing air

into a fire to make it burn quickly


64. the red of the live…

The light of the burning coal becomes

alternately bright and dim (by turns, one

follows the other) as the charcoal burns

and dies down, burns again, along with the

repeated movements of the bellows.


65. glow: send out brightness or

warmth, heat or light without flame

or smoke

When you draw a deep mouthful, the

cigarette tip glows.


66. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns, at intervals

67. stroke: single movement, which is repeated (esp. in a sport or game)

She can't swim but has made a few strokes with her arms.


68. engrave: to cut (words, pictures, etc.) on wood, stone, or metal

The terrible memory was engraved on his mind.

69. delicate: finely made and easily broken as delicate as silk the delicate skin of a baby delicate feelings


70. intricate: containing many detailed

parts and thus difficult to understand.

71. functional: completely and exactly of

practical use. Not ornamental, without

many decorations

a multi-functional machine


72. profusion: plenty, great or too great

amount, abundance

to make promises in profusion

Seldom have I seen food and drink served

in such profusion.

73. rich: (of colour) deep, strong, beautiful


74. texture: the arrangement of the threads in a textile fabric

a carpet of loose / firm texture 75. bold: clearly formed, strongly

formed words printed in bold type / printed in

bold letters


76. pungent: (often neg.) having a strong, sharp, stinging, burning taste or smell

Onions and garlic give out pungent smell. 77. exotic: (always positive, sth. pleasing)

not native to the place where found, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual

The smell and taste of kebab is exotic.

78. sumptuous: costly, rich, showing great value

A sumptuous meal was served to the visiting guests.

The king wore sumptuous robes. 79. humble: (of things) poor Here, cheap


80. pottery: earthenware

81. maze: a confusing intricate

network of passages

a system of twisted passages which is

very difficult to pass through


82. honeycomb: A honeycomb is a

wax structure made by bees, which

contains lots of six-sided holes where

they store the honey that they make

v. to fill with holes, tunnels, hollow

passages like a honeycomb



The streets cut the bazaar from all

directions and lead towards all directions

The streets cut the bazaar into many small

sections, thus making it like a honeycomb.


83. glimpse: a quick, incomplete look of sth. out of the corner of one's eye

Commonly glimpse means a brief view of a thing

get a glimpse of You can get a glimpse of the tower

when you drive past the square.


84. mosque: Moslem temple or place

of worship (where there are wells,

fountains, and space for assemble)


85. caravanserai:

an inn surrounding a court in eastern countries where caravans rest at night

caravan: a company of travellers on a journey through deserts of hostile regions


86. disdainful: contemptuous, showing

lack of respect, regard sb. or sth. as low

and worthless

Here, arrogant, in a superior manner,

suggesting that the camels are all stately,

strong, heads holding high


87. bale: large bundle of goods A Bale is a large bundle of goods

bound up for storage or transportation and esp. one composed of materials (as hay, straw, cotton or wool) which are closely pressed together so as to form a mass, usu. tightly bound with cord or wire


89. merchandise: (fml) things that you buy, sell or trade with

90. vast, sombre cavern of a room sombre: dark-coloured, gloomy, dismal,

solemn, very serious atmosphere When sb. dies, there is a sombre mood. She was dressed in sombre black for the

funeral.


cavern of a room: her tyrant of a father a palace of a house Before him stood a little shrimp of a

fellow.


91. revolve: to (cause to) spin round

(on a central point), to go around in a

circle

a revolving door / stage

cf: turn, revolve, rotate, spin, and circle

Turn is a general, rather colourless word implying movement in circle after circle, or in a single full circle or through an arc of a circle

a wheel turning on its axle He turned to speak to his friend.



Revolve may suggest regular circular motion on an orbit around sth. outside to it.

The earth revolves around the sun. Rotate is likely to suggest a circular

motion on an interior axis (the imaginary axle)

The earth rotates on its axis while it revolves in its orbit.


Spin implies rapid, sustained, continuous,

& constant rotation on an inner axis or

fast circling around an exterior point

a wheel spinning on its axle

The dancer spun on her toes.

To spin strands of cotton or wool, etc, is to

twist them into thread.


Circle basically applies to a movement

around in a more or less circular pattern,

but it can also be used to convey a lack of

straight directness in a winding course.

Our plane circled the airport for an hour

before landing.

The fence circles the yard.


93. circular: round, not direct, being

shaped like or nearly like a circle

94. channel: the bed of a stream of

water, narrow passage, passage for

liquid


96. attendant: a person who attends another to perform a service

a museum / parking lot / library attendant;

97. crush: to press with great power so as to break, destroy, the natural shape into powder


The machine crushes wheat grain to make

flour.

The sugar cane is taken to the factory

where the juice is crushed out.

98. pulp: the soft almost liquid mass of

plant or animal material, such as the soft

inside part of many fruits or vegetable


99. extract: to pull or take out, often with difficulty

to extract one tooth The policemen extracted secret

information from a criminal. 100. superb: perfect in form, quality,

etc. This word describes sth. that reaches

the highest conceivable point.


101. muscular: having well-developed

muscles, strong, implying great physical

strength

102. stately: grand in style, noble,

dignified. Here implies that the camels

walk in a constant, unhurried way with

their heads holding high, seemingly

dignified.


103. ramshackle: shaky, unsteady,

likely to go to pieces

a ramshackle house

a ramshackle bike, which produces a

sound at every part except the bell.


104. apparatus: a set of machines, instruments, tools, etc. that work together for a particular purpose

107. tower: to be very tall, esp. in relation to the height of the surroundings.

The monument to the People's Heroes towers aloft on Tian’anmen.

He towers above his contemporaries.


108. dwarf: to cause to appear small by

comparison

Snow-white & the 7 Dwarfs

Most basketball players dwarf other men.

109. shovel: tool used for moving or lifting

loose material such as sand, snow, coal

v. to remove sth. with a shovel


110. nimble: quick-moving, moving or

acting quickly and lightly; agile

as nimble as a monkey

She knitted with nimble fingers.

111. trickle: a slow, small flow of liquid


112. ooze: (of thick liquids) pass

slowly through small openings

If you squeeze the tube of toothpaste,

it oozes out of the tube.

Tiny drops of oil are pressed out to

form a small flow down the runnel.


113. runnel: a small, narrow channel

114. glisten: shine brightly, sparkle

His eyes glistened with tears.

Her hair glistens with oil.

115. taut: tightly drawn


116. girder: large horizontal beam,

usu. made of iron or steel, which

supports the smaller beams in a floor

or room

I-shaped girder

117. blend: mixture

Structural analysis

Part I. (para.1)

(The Middle Eastern takes you back …)

General atmosphere

ancient & primitive

harmonious

lively, active, vigorous, & healthy

Structural analysis

Part II. (paras 2 - 4)

(Then as you … at intervals.)

The cloth market

muted

sepulchral

Bargaining is the order of the day.

Structural analysis

Part III: (paras. 5 – 7)

(One of the most picturesque… lie beside them.)

The coppersmith market and other markets

sound and light

smell

varied characters

harmonious

Structural analysis

I. Part IV: (paras: 8-9)

(Perhaps the most unforgettable…)

the mill where linseed oil is extracted

the description of the mill

Words describing sound

Style

TYPE of Writing:

Description: A description is

painting a picture in words of a

person, place, object, or scene.

Style

a descriptive essay is generally developed

through sensory details, or the impressions

of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell

and touch. The writer generally chooses

those that help to bring out the dominant

characteristic or outstanding quality of the

person or thing described.

Writing Technique:

1. From Macro to Micro

2. Words appealing to senses: light & heat, so

und & movement, and smell & colour and tas

te.

3. nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as

verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tow

er and dwarf.

4. words imitating sounds:

onomatopoeia

5. stressful and impressive sentence

structures:

one of the peculiarities…,

one of the most picturesque...

Writing Technique:

Rhetoric Onomatopoeia: words imitating the

sounds associated with the thing concerned

creak: (to make) the sound of a badly-oiled door when it opens

When you move in a wooden bed, it creaks.

The hinge of the door needs oiling, it creaks every time it is opened.

squeak: (to make) a short very high but not loud sound

the squeak of a mouse

rumble: (to make) a deep continuous rolling sound

The thunder / the big guns rumbled in the distance.

I am hungry, my stomach is rumbling.

Rhetoric

grunt: (of certain animals, to make)

short deep rough sounds in the throat,

as if the nose were closed, such as the

deep short sound characteristic of a

hog, or a man making a similar sound

expressing disagreement, boredom,

irritation

Rhetoric

Rhetoric

sigh: (to let out) a deep breath slowly

and with a sound, usu. expressing

tiredness, sadness, or satisfaction

We all heaved a sigh of relief when

the work was done.

groan: (to make) a sound caused by the movement of wood or metal parts heavily loaded, (to make) a deep sound forced out by pain, or expressing despair

The patient groaned as he was lifted on to the stretcher.

The ancient chair gave a groan when the fat woman sat down on it.

The roof creaked and groaned under the weight of the snow.

Rhetoric

Rhetoric:

Personification: a figure that endows objects, a

nimals, ideas, or abstractions with human form,

character, or sensibility,

The Middle Easter bazaar takes you...

dancing flashes

The beam sinks…taut and protesting

Rhetoric Hyperbole: a device of comparison usi

ng exaggeration or obvious overstatement for comic or dramatic effect.

takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years

every conceivable innumerable lamps incredibly young with the dust of centuries:

mosque

camel

Documents

Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar. Objectives of Teaching 1. To comprehend the whole text 2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions 3. To