Lesson ElevenYou Have to Get Me Out of Here

Lissa Halls Johnson

Warming-up: Discussion What should people do to survive in

critical situations? Katie’s motto “Face the fear, know what

you have to do and do it.”

Background InformationMountaineer's Essentials 1) At least one complete change of clothing including extra for such

contingencies as rain & cold weather.2) Extra food. Include extra rations in your minimum. This is your insurance policy in case something goes really wrong.3) Sunglasses. Every time you set out for a strange area it's good to have a pair along.If you are planning on desert, alpine or winter camping, it's a rare occasion that you will not need them. Even Eskimos worry about snow blindness.4) A knife. A substantial pocket-knife is the order of the day. A good Swiss army knife is excellent or a Buck for bigger job.

5) Fire starters. jelly, ribbon, tablets or impregnated peat bricks. There are emergencies where a fire is both necessary and difficult to start. Every kit must include a supply of starters of one kind or another.

6) Emergency matches Fire starters alone don't a fire make. You need matches. Long wooden ones are best & soaked in wax to make them weather proof and keep them in a waterproof container.

7) A first aid kit 8) A flashlight. Everyone should carry his own and add extra

batteries & bulbs just in case. 9) Maps. You should have a map when going to all but the most

familiar places. It's not only a safety factor but can add a lot of enjoyment to your trip, helping you to find the best spots and sights.10) A good quality compass. Even two might help in case the first one goes berserk.11) a space blanket. Today it's an invaluable safety precaution. Weighing only 2 ounces it opens up to a full 56"X84".It reflects up to 90% of a sleeper's body heat while at the same time keeping out rain, rain and snow.

What Causes Altitude Illnesses? 1) At sea level: The concentration of oxygen: about 21% The barometric pressure: averages 760 mmHg. 2) As altitude increases, the concentration

remains the same but the number of oxygen molecules per breath is reduced.

3) At 12,000 feet (3,658 meters) the barometric pressure is only 483 mmHg, so there are roughly 40% fewer oxygen molecules per breath. 

How to prevent Altitude Illnesses? 1) If possible, don't fly or drive to high altitude. Start

below 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) and walk up. 2) If you do fly or drive, do not over-exert yourself or

move higher for the first 24 hours. 3) If you go above 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), only

increase your altitude by 1,000 feet (305 meters) per day and for every 3,000 feet (915 meters) of elevation gained, take a rest day.

4) Eat a high carbohydrate diet (more than 70% of your calories from carbohydrates) while at altitude.

5) The acclimatization process is inhibited by dehydration（脱水） , over-exertion（用力过度） , and alcohol and other depressant drugs（镇静药物） .

6) "Climb High and sleep low." This is the maxim used by climbers. You can climb more than 1,000 feet (305 meters) in a day as long as you come back down and sleep at a lower altitude.

7) If you begin to show symptoms of moderate altitude illness, don't go higher until symptoms decrease

8) If symptoms increase, go down, down, down! 9) Keep in mind that different people will acclimatize at

different rates. Make sure all of your party is properly acclimatized before going higher.

Words and phrases:1. Medical terms vein, artery, nerve endings, emergency-

room staff, surgery, soft tissue, a severed leg, to cleanse a wound, etc.

2. Shine, glow, gleam, shimmer The star shone red on his cap. Her eyes shone with excitement. The metal glowed in the furnace. Parents glowing with pride The furniture gleamed after being polished. A gleam of hope A gleam of interest in this matter came into his eyes. Moonlight is shimmering on the lake. The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun.

3 ． Shake, tremble, shiver The house shookas the heavy truck went past. The victim described the enemy's bombardment

in a voice shaking with emotion. 激动得发抖的声音

I tremble at the very thought of it.不寒而栗 leaves trembling in the breeze.颤动 She shivered at the thought of going into the dark

house alone.

4. missing& lost The missing letter was in his pocket This book has 12 missing pages. A lost child/pen/art/ship Our advice was not lost on him.

5. fashion: to shape or make, usu. with hands or with a few tools,

The children learn how to fashion clay into cups, vases, or whatever.

6. Catch up with sb.: to finally start to cause trouble for sb. after they managed to avoid this for some time

Some day, his old wound will catch up with him.

7. Wear off: (of a feeling, effect, etc. , esp. an unpleasant one) to become less strong, to be reduced until disappear

An hour after he took the medicine, his toothache began to wear off.

Structure of the text Part ⅠIntroduction ( Para.1-2) Part Ⅱ Katie’s getting hurt and being sent

to hospital. ( Para.3-22) Part Ⅲ After the accident Ketie was sent

to the hospital with the help of Ric and other mountaineers. ( Para.23-32)

Part Ⅳ Katie’s recovery after the operations.( Para.33-38)