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Objectives Distinguish between the different types of
diabetes. Identify the risk factors for diabetes and
how to manage having diabetes. Discuss ways to reduce the risk of
diabetes. Identify the incidence of chronic health
conditions in young people. Identify adjustments to make for different
chronic health conditions.
Chronic health condition InsulinGlucoseAutoimmune diseaseOsteoarthritisCystic fibrosisHemophiliaMultiple sclerosis (MS)NarcolepsySickle-cell anemia
A person develops diabetes when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. Insulin-a hormone that regulates the
blood sugar level.Disrupts the metabolism.
Rate at which food is converted into energy for the body.
Glucose-a simple sugar that is the main source of energy for the body.
Glucose levels will build up in the blood if there is not enough insulin, or the body does not use the insulin.
Excess glucose will overflow into the urine and passes out of the body. Body will lose it’s main source of energy.
3 types Insulin-dependent diabetes millitus
(IDDM) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes millitus
(NIDDM) Gestational diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Diabetes in which the body produces
little or no insulin. Also called Type 1 diabetes. Considered to be an autoimmune
disease.▪ A disease that results when the immune
system produces antibodies that turn against the body’s own cells.
IDDM Immune system attacks and destroys
cells that produce insulin. Occurs most often in children. Appears suddenly. Progresses quickly.
IDDM Symptoms▪ Increased thirst.▪ Frequent urination.▪ Constant hunger.▪ Weight loss.▪ Blurred vision.▪ Extreme tiredness.
Symptoms are caused by the buildup of sugar in the blood and the loss of sugar in the urine.
May require daily injections of insulin and a special diet.
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) A type of diabetes in which the body’s
cells do not respond normally to insulin that is produced.
Also called Type 2 diabetes. Appears most often in adults over 40.
NIDDM Symptoms▪ Feeling tired.▪ Frequent urination.▪ Unusual thirst.▪ Weight loss.▪ Blurred vision.▪ Frequent infections.▪ Slow healing of sores.
Can often be treated with weight loss, diet, physical activity, and oral medications
Gestational Diabetes Diabetes that occurs in some females
during pregnancy. Insulin is produced, but the body does not
respond normally to it. Usually treated with diet. Usually disappears after the birth of the
baby. Can cause baby to be larger than average.▪ weight
Monitoring blood glucose levels. Blood test kits allow people to test their
own blood glucose levels. Test several times a day. Tests allow diabetics to see how their
body responds to meals, exercise, and insulin shots or oral medication.
People who manage their blood sugar levels have a reduced risk of developing complications from diabetes.
Arthritis Cerebral Palsy Chronic fatigue syndrome Cystic fibrosis Down syndrome Epilepsy Hemophilia Migraine headaches Multiple sclerosis Muscular dystrophy Narcolepsy Parkinson’s disease Peptic ulcer Sickle-cell anemia Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Painful inflammation of the joints. Affects the muscles, tendons, and
ligaments that surround joints.Osteoarthritis-The wearing down of
the moving parts of joints.Rheumatoid Arthritis-A condition in
which joints become deformed and may lose function.
Arthritis may be treated with medication, physical therapy and activity, and surgery.
A disorder of the nervous system that interferes with muscle coordination.
Too much pressure on the head during childbirth, head injury, lead poisoning, accidental injury, and certain illnesses are possible causes.
Treatments Physical therapy and physical activity. Speech therapy. Special devises to assist the motion. Medications. Surgery.
*A CONDITION IN WHICH LARGE AMOUNTS OF THICK MUCUS ARE PRODUCED, AFFECTING THE LUNGS AND PANCREAS.*CAUSED BY AN ABNORMAL GENE.
Signs and symptom Coughing Wheezing Difficulty breathing Vomiting Constipation
Treatments Physical therapy Dietary changes Vitamins Medications The use of oxygen to
help with breathing.
A genetic disorder in which a child is born with an extra chromosome in each cell.
Children born with Down Syndrome will have a mental disability. Slightly flattened face with upward,
slanting eyes.Surgery is sometimes used to correct
heart defects and other problems.
A disorder in which abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes a temporary loss of control of the mind and body.
May have seizures. Petit mal-small seizure in which a person loses
consciousness for a few seconds. Grand mal-major seizure in which a person may
have convulsions. During a convulsion, the body stiffens and
twitching may occur. Do not place anything in the mouth. Move objects that may be dangerous away
from person.
Mainly affects children. People of any age can have epilepsy.
Can be caused by head injury, brain tumor, stroke, poisoning, or an infection.
Heredity can play a role. Medication is used to control seizures,
adequate rest and sleep, regular physical activity.
Surgery is often a last resort.
An inherited condition in which blood does not clot.
Minor injuries can lead to uncontrolled bleeding.
Spontaneous bleeding can occur.
Occurs mostly in males.
Defective gene passed from father.
Treatment Avoiding injuries that
can cause bleeding. Learning how to
manage bleeding when cut or scraped.
Learning how to recognize emergency situations.
Blood transfusions, if necessary.
Severe head pain that is caused by the dilation of blood vessels in the brain.
Symptoms Severe throbbing Blurred vision Nausea Vomiting
Treatments Medications to
reduce pain. Rest. Relaxation. Stress
management. Management of
conditions that may lead to headaches.
A disease in which the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord are destroyed.
Signs/Symptoms Tingling and numbness
in the body . May feel tired or dizzy.
There is no cure. More common in
young adults.
Treatments Physical therapy to
strengthen muscles. Medications. Avoidance of stress
and extreme temperatures.
Psychological counseling and support from family members.
A genetic disease in which the muscles progressively deteriorate.
There is no cure.
Treatment Physical therapy. Physical activity. Weight
management. Surgery in some
cases. Canes and
wheelchairs to improve mobility.
A chronic sleep disorder in which people are excessively sleepy.
Often become drowsy and fall asleep in inappropriate situations.
Cause is unknown. No cure, but there
is treatment.
Medication can control sleepiness.
Must have adequate rest and sleep .
Support of family members.
A brain disorder that causes muscle tremors, stiffness, and weakness.
Signs and symptoms Rigid posture. Slow movement. Fixed facial expression. Shuffling walk.
Intellect is not affected until late in the disease.
Speech is slow.
Treatments Medications. Physical therapy. Surgery. Support of family
members and friends.
An open sore on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or first part of the small intestine.
Symptoms Burning pain in the
abdomen (most common).
Upset stomach. Back pain. Bleeding.
Caused by a bacterial infection, which is treated with an antibiotic.
Bleeding ulcers require emergency treatment.
Avoid Cigarettes Alcohol Aspirin Caffeinated beverages
An inherited blood disease in which the red blood cells carry less oxygen.
Occurs primarily in Africa-Americans.
Red blood are sickle shaped and are fragile and easily destroyed.
Sickle shaped cells do not easily pass through tiny blood vessels.
Symptoms Fatigue Headache Shortness of breath.
Children are at increased risk for developing pneumonia and other infections.
Treatment Immunization against
communicable diseases. Oxygen therapy. Antibiotics. Medications and fluids to
prevent dehydration during physical activity, sickness, and hot weather.