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LessonLesson 4141LessonLesson 4141

Phrasal verbsPhrasal verbs

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Separable and inseparable

phrasal verbs When a phrasal verb has an object,

we can normally put the particle

before or after the object.For examples:

I take off my hat.

I take my hat off.

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When the object is a pronoun, the

particle must go after the object.I put them up.

not I put up them.

Some phrasal verbs are inseparable.For examples: look for, look after,look round, get on, get off, get in, get

out, wait for, listen to

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5a4. Dont forget to switch your mobile

off.

6. Have you thrown the magazinesaway?

7. You cant cut that tree down!

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LessonLesson 4242LessonLesson 4242

The passiveThe passive

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Using Active Versus Passive

Voice

In a sentence using active voice, the

subject of the sentence performsthe action expressed in the verb.

For example:

Scientists have conductedexperiments to test the hypothesis.

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Passive voice We normally use the passive when we

are more interested in the action

than the subject.For example:

The skyscraper was built in 1988.

My purse has been stolen.

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Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be+ Past Participle (3rd column ofirregular verbs)

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Examples of active and

passive voicePresent simple:

AV: Anna throws away the litter.

PV: The litter is thrown away by

Anna.

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Past SimpleExample:

AV: The police arrested thethieves.

PV: The thieves was arrested bythe police.

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Present PerfectExample:

AV: Floods have destroyed crops.

PV: Crops have been destroyed by

floods.

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Future SimpleExample:

AV. : Jay will buy a computer.

PV. : A computer will be bought by Jay.

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3a Put the verbs1. is used

2. are made

3. are transported

4. are carried

5. is hit

6. are lost

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7. were thrown

8. was hit9. were carried

10. were trapped

11. was taken12. was seen

13. were taken

14. were found

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4 Make passive sentences.

2. Some forest fires are startedby cigarettes.

3. Chemicals have been dumped inrivers by factories.

4. Rainforests have been cut downby loggers.

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5. Millions of animals were killed

by oil from the Exxon Valdez.

6. More food will be needed by the

worlds population.

7. More organic food will bebought by shoppers.

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Lesson 43

Listen and speak

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1b Choose the correct words.

1. Tahiti

2. Pearl diver

3. Japan

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2 True or false

1. F

2. F

3. F4. T

5. F

6. T

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3a Put the pictures in the correctorder.

1. D.

2. A.

3. C.4. F.

5. B.

6. E.

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3b Describe the process.

1. A small piece of shell is put in the

oyster.

2. The oysters are kept in baskets in the

sea.3. The pearls are taken out of the

shells.

4. The pearls are sorted into differentcolours.

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3b

5. The pearls are sent to Japan.

6. They are made into jewellery.

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4a Answer the questions.

1. To make round pearls.

2. Pink, black, gold.

3. Theyre produced by different kindsof oysters.

4. Pink pearls.

5. Necklaces, bracelets.6. They are eaten.