LESSON 4

Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Lydians

MONOTHEISM

The worship of one God.

ABRAHAM

Was a shepherd that was instructed by God to leave his home and resettle in a new land called Canaan.

Considered by Jewish people today to be the first Jew or founder of Judaism. Judaism was one of the first monotheistic religions.

CANAAN

Where God sent Abraham

ISRAEL

A new kingdom, formed by King David around 1000 B.C.

Israel’s capital was Jerusalem.

HEBREWS

Abraham’s people that were forced into slavery by the Egyptians.

JERUSALEM

The capital of Israel Place of worship and a place to house

the Torah.

TORAH

The Hebrew Bible consisting of 5 books. These 5 books were believed to be

given to Moses, by God, at the same time that Moses received the 10 Commandments.

The Torah is believed to be too Holy to touch. The Torah is held by the handles and a pointer called the yad is used to keep the place.

TORAH AND YAD

MOSES

Moses was chosen by God to lead the Hebrews out of Egypt, and slavery, and bring them across the Sinai Desert to freedom.

Was given the 10 Commandments by God

TEN COMMANDMENTS

A set of laws given to Moses by God. Provides guidance for the worship of

God. Set rules of Moral behavior.

10 COMMANDMENTS

LYDIANS

Lived in western Asia. Inventors of the first coins, which made

trade easier.

CARTHAGE

Phoenicians’ most important trading post near the North African Coast.

JUDAISM

The monotheistic religion founded by Abraham.

DEBORAH

Female Hebrew Judge who encouraged a military leader to gather the people of Israel to attack the Canaanites.

SLAVERY

The practice of one person owning another person.

SYNAGOGUE

A Jewish place of worship.

DESCENDANT

A person born later in to the same family.

SOLOMON

The son of David and King of Israel.

BARTER

To exchange one kind of good or service for another.

COVENANT

An agreement Abraham agreed to worship only one God God agreed to look after the welfare of Abraham and his people (Hebrews)

DAVID

Second King of Israel who unified the kingdom of Israel.

JUDAH

The southern region of Israel that became its own kingdom after the death of Solomon.

How are the Phoenician alphabet and cuneiform writing different?

How did the Phoenicians link many parts of the ancient world?

Why do you think Solomon was considered to be a wise ruler?

How are the Phoenician alphabet and cuneiform writing different?

The Phoenician alphabet consisted of 22 simple characters. Cuneiform writing consisted of about 700 symbols that stood for words and symbols.

How did the Phoenicians link many parts of the ancient world?

They established trading posts linking neighboring peoples and developed a system of writing.

Why do you think Solomon was considered to be a wise ruler?King Solomon maintained peace and a prosperous kingdom. He also formed a trade partnership with the Phoenicians.