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Lesson 3
How can you keep your muscles flexible and strong?
The Muscular System
Proper warm-up and stretching before and cool-down after any physical activity keeps your muscles flexible and strong.
Lesson 3
Explain the functions of the muscular system.
Describe the different types of muscles in the body.
Examine the effects of health behaviors on the muscular system.
Identify problems of the muscular system.
In this lesson, you’ll learn to:
Lesson Objectives
Lesson 3 Functions of the Muscular System
Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles
When you sleep, muscles help you breathe, make your heart beat, and move food through your digestive system.
These involuntary processes happen without your consciously controlling them.
When you play the piano or a video game, you are usingmuscles that are under conscious, or voluntary, control.
Without the use of both voluntary and involuntary muscles,you would be unable to perform any of these activities.
Lesson 3
Nerve Impulses and Muscle Fibers
A muscle is made up of hundreds of long cells called fibers.
Muscles work by means of two complementary, or opposing, actions—contraction and extension.
Muscle contraction is triggered by nerve impulses.
Some nerves provide impulses for many muscle fibers.
In other areas, a single nerve may provide impulses to onlytwo or three muscle fibers.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Types of Muscles
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
Smooth muscles can be found in the lining of the blood vessels, the digestive tract, the passageways that lead into the lungs, and the bladder.
Smooth muscles are under involuntary control.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Muscle Contraction and Bone Movement
Click image to view movie.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Regular physical activity is the best way to keep your muscles strong and healthy.
Regular physical activity helps keep muscles toned and healthy.
Practicing good posture strengthens back muscles.
Wearing safety equipment and appropriate clothing can protect muscles during physical activity.
Care of the Muscular System
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Injury-Related Muscle Problems
Bruise
Muscle Strain/Sprain
Tendonitis
Hernia
Muscular Dystrophy
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Bruise
A bruise is an area of discolored skin that appears after an injury causes the blood vessels beneath the skin to rupture and leak.
Swelling can be reduced with an ice pack.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Muscle Strain or Sprain
A strained muscle results when a muscle is stretched or partially torn as a result of overexertion.
Strains are usually treated by using the R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, elevation) procedure.
A sprain is an injury to the ligament in a joint, and it requires medical treatment.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Tendonitis
Tendonitis can be caused by injury, overuse, or aging.
Treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatory medication, or ultrasound.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Hernia
A hernia can result from straining to lift a heavy object.
Hernia repair usually requires surgery.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder in which skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed.
There is no cure, but with early detection muscle weaknesscan be delayed through exercise programs.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3 Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Click Next to view the answer.
Q. Give examples of how muscles work together with other
body systems.
Lesson 3
A. Muscles work with respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive
systems.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 3
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Click Next to view the answer.
Q. Describe cardiac muscle.
Quick Review
Lesson 3
Click Next to attempt another question.
A. Cardiac muscle is a type of striated muscle that forms the
wall of the heart.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 3
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Click Next to view the answer.
Q. What is tendonitis? Why does it occur?
Quick Review
Lesson 3
Click Next to attempt another question.
A. Tendonitis is the inflammation of a tendon caused by injury,
overuse, or aging.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 3
Provide a suitable analysis.
Examine the effects of health behaviors on the muscular system. Which muscles are most involved in your favorite physical activities? What behaviors can help you protect the health ofthese and other muscles?
Quick Review
Lesson 3
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
Smooth muscles can be found in the lining of the blood vessels, the digestive tract, the passageways that lead into the lungs, and the bladder.
Smooth muscles are under involuntary control.
Types of Muscles
Smooth muscles act on the lining of passageways and internal organs.
Smooth muscles act on the lining of passageways and internal organs.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
muscles are under voluntary control.
Skeletal muscles often work together,
undergoing opposing actions to produce
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing skeletal
muscles.
Types of Muscles
Skeletal muscles are attached to bone and cause body movements.
Skeletal muscles are attached to bone and cause body movements.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
muscles are under voluntary control.
Skeletal muscles often work together,
undergoing opposing actions to produce
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing skeletal
muscles.
Types of Muscles
The flexor is the muscle that closes a joint.
The flexor is the muscle that closes a joint.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
muscles are under voluntary control.
Skeletal muscles often work together,
undergoing opposing actions to produce
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing skeletal
muscles.
Types of Muscles
The extensor is the muscle that opens a joint.
The extensor is the muscle that opens a joint.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
The involuntary cardiac muscles are responsible for the contraction of your heart.
The heart contracts rhythmically about 100,000 times each day to pump blood throughout your body.
Types of Muscles
Cardiac muscle is a type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart.
Cardiac muscle is a type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Regular physical activity is the best way to keep your muscles strong and healthy.
Regular physical activity helps keep muscles toned and healthy.
Practicing good posture strengthens back muscles.
Wearing safety equipment and appropriate clothing can protect muscles during physical activity.
Care of the Muscular System
Muscle tone is the natural tension in the fibers of a muscle.
Muscle tone is the natural tension in the fibers of a muscle.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Tendonitis can be caused by injury, overuse, or aging.
Treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatory medication, or ultrasound.
Tendonitis
The inflammation of a tendon is called tendonitis.
The inflammation of a tendon is called tendonitis.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Hernia
A hernia can result from straining to lift a heavy object.
Hernia repair usually requires surgery. A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.
A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.
Problems of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Types of Muscles
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
muscles are under voluntary control.
Skeletal muscles often work together,
undergoing opposing actions to produce
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing
skeletal muscles.
Structure of the Muscular System
Lesson 3
Types of Muscles
Smooth Muscles
SkeletalMuscles
CardiacMuscles
The involuntary cardiac muscles are responsible for the contraction of your heart.
The heart contracts rhythmically about 100,000 times each day to pump blood throughout your body.
Structure of the Muscular System
