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SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
LESSON 10 - Answer key
A great empire cannot be held any longer Fall of the Roman empire (200 AD - 500 AD)
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research questions1. What were the causes of the fall of the Roman
empire? 2. What were the consequences of the fall of the
Roman empire?
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research question 11. What were the causes of the fall of the Roman
empire?
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD? Use the images and texts to answer the questions.
Roman Paris (Lutetia)
The Roman roads originally built for the legions also
formed a trade network. At some crossroads there
were small cities like Lutetia (= Paris).
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD?
Archeologists found remains of a colossal statue of Marcus Aurelius (Roman emperor - 161-180) in Sagalassos, Turkey. This proves that there was an emperor’s cult, even in the farthest corners of the empire.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD?
Argentorate or Argentoratum
on the Rhine river evolved
into the city Strasbourg.
Soldiers had to protect
the natural borders of the
Roman empire.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD?
Luxury products (spices, perfume, silk, …) were brought to
Rome from every corner of the empire. This resulted in an
economy based on exploitation (= uitbuiting).
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD?
Slaves (from every corner of the empire) were sold on slave markets.
These slaves were important for the economy. They either worked for private masters and
mistresses or they worked for the government. They worked on the farm lands and in the mines.
The slaves kept an economy based on slavery alive.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD?
The Romans weren’t tolerant
towards the Christians because
the Christians refused to sacrifice for
the Roman gods and emperors.
The Christians were originally
persecuted by the Romans.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 1
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD? Explain what the words in bold mean in the sources (slides 6-11).
1 Trade network = handelsnetwerk: the Romans did a lot of trade throughout the empire.
2 Emperor’s cult = keizerscultus: emperors were worshipped throughout the empire.
3 Natural borders of the Roman empire: the Rhine river, the Alps, the Mediterranean Sea
4 Luxury products = luxeproducten: spices, silk, perfume, … were brought to Rome from the conquered territories and the inhabitants of these territories had to pay high taxes = exploitation = uitbuiting > economy based on exploitation = uitbuitingseconomie.
5 Slaves worked for the empire and worked on the farm lands or in the mines. The slaves kept the economy going = economy based on slavery (slavernij).
6 Romans were not tolerant (= verdraagzaam) towards Christians because Christians believed in 1 god and didn’t want to sacrifice to the Roman gods and emperors.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Use the sources to answer the questions.
Source 1
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 2
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 3
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 4
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 5
Gradual Decline
The Fall of Rome didn't happen in a day, it happened over a long period of time. There are a number of reasons why the empire began to fail. Here are some of the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire:
¥The politicians and rulers of Rome became more and more corrupt ¥Infighting and civil wars within the Empire
¥Attacks from barbarian tribes outside of the empire such as the Visigoths, Huns, Franks, and Vandals. ¥The Roman army was no longer a dominant force
¥The empire became so large it was difficult to govern
Rome Divides into Two
In 285 AD, Emperor Diocletian decided that the Roman Empire was too big to manage. He divided the Empire into two parts, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire. Over the next hundred years or so, Rome would be reunited, split into three parts, and split in two again. Finally, in 395 AD, the empire was split into two for good. The Western Empire was ruled by Rome, the Eastern Empire was ruled by
Constantinople.
The "fall" of Rome discussed is referring to the Western Roman Empire which was ruled by Rome. The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantium Empire and remained in power for another 1000 years.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis?
The City of Rome is Sacked
The city of Rome was thought by many to be unconquerable. However, in 410 AD, a Germanic barbarian tribe called the Visigoths invaded the city. They looted the treasures, killed and enslaved many Romans, and
destroyed many buildings. This was the first time in 800 years that the city of Rome had been sacked.
Rome Falls
In 476 AD, a Germanic barbarian by the name of Odoacer took control of Rome. He became king of Italy and forced the last emperor of Rome, Romulus Augustulus, to give up his crown. Many historians consider this
to be the end of the Roman Empire.
The Dark Ages Begins
With the fall of Rome, many changes occurred throughout Europe. Rome had provided a strong government, education, and culture. Now much of Europe fell into barbarianism. The next 500 years would be known as the Dark Ages of Europe.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 6
Map of the Eastern and Western Roman Empire right before the fall
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 7
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Answer the questions.
1 Which people(s) threatened (= bedreigden) the Roman empire (starting in 200 AD)?
In the West: germanic tribes (called barbarians by the Romans), in the East: the Persians
2 What problem(s) did the Romans have to face because of these threats?
Germanic tribes started invading, the borders had to be defended more and more= large cost
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Highlight the correct answer(s).
Natural borders
are threatened
- in need or more defense
- in need of less defense
- more expenses for defense
- less expenses for defense
- in need of more taxes
- in need of less taxes
Economic crisis
migrations- more
safety- less
safety
- growth of trade
transport- fall of
trade transpor
t
- more wealth
- less wealth
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 2
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Use the schedule on slide 20 to give the economic causes of the fall of the Roman empire.
- economic crisis
- fall of trade and transport
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 3
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire? Use the maps and texts on slides 14-20 to answer the questions.
- Which natural border(s) was/were threatened?
Rhine river
- Which people(s) were they threatened by?
Germanic tribes : Franks, Vandals, Visigoths, …
- What will be very expensive as a consequence (= gevolg)?
Defense > defending the borders by using the army
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 3
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire? Read the source.
The Soldier Emperors (= soldatenkeizers)
The third century (AD) was one of great disaster for the Roman empire. The army realised its power. It made and unmade emperors for cash and ceased to be an effective fighting force. Fifty soldier emperors succeeded each other in approximately the same amount of years.Barbarians invaded and plundered Roman territory. Pestilence (= de pest) , in addition to war, greatly diminished (made smaller) the population. It seemed as if the empire was about to fall.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 3
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire? Answer the questions.
1 Who chose the soldier emperors?
The Army / The Praetorian guard
2 What will these soldier emperors focus on?
They will focus on war, not politics.
3 Think logically! Were the soldier emperors good emperors? Why (not)?
No, because they didn’t know anything about politics. They are generals of the army.
4 Complete the schedule on the following slide: Highlight the correct answers.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 3
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire?
pressure on the bordersdefense becomes more
important/ defense becomes less important
generals become more popular/generals become
less popular
more political violence/less political violence RESULT = POLITICAL CRISIS
VRA AG 1Wat onderzochten we?
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Complete the text with the missing words. Choose from:
1. What were the causes of the fall of the Roman empire? In the first century AD the Roman empire had become a great empire. Defending the empire became a big task. In the third century (AD) pressure on the borders of the empire grew.
2. In the east the Persians (Parthians) tried to get to the Mediterranean Sea, in the north Germanic tribes crossed the borders of the empire to settle in the empire. Defense of the empire became very expensive. Difficult times had arrived and taxes went up.
3. More and more Germanic tribes were able to get through the Roman defense. They settled in the Roman empire. They worked as farmers or went through the empire and plundered. Living in the empire became increasingly unsafe. As a result trade stopped. The age of wealth was over and done with. The Roman empire had to deal with an economic crisis.
4. The importance of the army increased the political power of the generals. Some generals seized imperial power supported by their soldiers (= soldier emperors). There was a lot of political violence. Emperors succeeded each other rapidly. Lots of them were killed. The Roman empire had to deal with a political crisis.
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research question 22 What were the consequences of the fall of the Roman empire?
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 4
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the economic consequences?
Highlight the correct answer(s).
Roman empire 1st century - 2nd centuryCities were protected with defensive walls =
safetyCities were safe because there were strong
borders and there was peace.Citizens lived well because there was a lot of
trade.Everybody had to provide for their own
food.
Many people went to live in the cities Many people went to live in the countryside.
Crisis in the Roman empire 3rd - 4th century
Many people fled to the cities and the cities grew.
Many people fled to the countryside. Cities became smaller.
People in the cities felt safe. People in the cities felt unsafe.
People in the cities had food because of trade. People had to provide for themselves.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 4
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the economic consequences?
CONCLUSION: Choose from: economy based on trade - trade transport and trade traffic -
economy based on agriculture.
1 Roman empire (1st and 2nd century): economy based on trade - wealth
2 Crisis in the Roman empire (3rd - 5th century): trade and transport become smaller - people go from the cities to the countryside
3 Start Middle Ages (5th century): small economy based on agriculture
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 5
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the political consequences?
Use the maps to answer the questions. Map 1: The empire had become too big to rule from Rome. Emperor Constantine made a new capital city in the eastern part of the empire and called it Constantinople (Byzantium).
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 5
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the political consequences? Map 2:
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 5
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the political consequences? Map 3: Invasions of Germanic tribes. Fall of the Western Roman empire in 476 AD. The Western Roman Empire was split up into Germanic kingdoms = Start of the Middle Ages. The Eastern Roman empire kept going until 1453 when it was taken over by the Turks = End Middle Ages.
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 5
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the political consequences? a) Complete the schedule with the missing words.
Choose from: unity - emperor - emperor abdicated (afgezet) - division - Western Roman empire
ROMAN EMPIRE
In the WEST (395) In the EAST (395)
Western Roman empire Eastern Roman empire
capital city: Rome, Ravenna and Trier capital city: Constantinople
In the WEST (476) In the EAST (476)
political division political unity
head of state: no more emperors head of state: emperor
VRA AG 1OPDRACHT 5
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
Research: What were the political consequences? b) Complete the timeline.
Choose from: Highlight Roman empire - Crisis Roman empire - Germanic tribes - Byzantine empire - split Western and Eastern Roman empire - fall Western empire
Decline of a great empire
Highlight Roman empire
WEST: Germanic
tribes
395: Split
Crisis Roman empire
EAST: Byzantine Empire
476: Fall western empire
VRA AG 1Wat onderzochten we?
SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)
What were the consequences of the fall of the Roman empire?
The economic crisis had lots of consequences. Because trade transport and traffic had stopped, life in the city became hard. The people went to live in the countryside and were self-sufficient again. The economy based on trade evolved to an economy based on agriculture.
The political crisis had lots of consequences. The empire was split up into a Western and an Eastern Roman empire because it had become too big to be ruled by one emperor. In the Western part the emperors lost their authority and it was taken over by Germanic tribes. There was political division and the Western Roman empire fell in 476 AD.
The Eastern Roman empire (capital city Constantinople) kept on going. It remained an empire until 1453. In the Middle Ages the Eastern Roman empire was called the Byzantine empire.
476 = End of Classical Antiquity - Beginning of the Middle Ages1453 = End of the Middle Ages - Beginning of the Early Modern Period