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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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Lesson 1: Gloucester through the ages Think of some different time
periods in History - Do you think Gloucester existed then?
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Celts Romans Saxons Vikings Normans Tudors Victorians 20th Century
500 BC AD 43 450 793 1066 1485 1837 1900s
Roman Gloucester (49AD - 407AD)
Gloucester began as a Roman town. It lies at the first point where the river Severn can be easily crossed so it was a natural place to build a town.
About 49 AD the Romans built a fort to guard the river crossing at Kingsholm. In 64 AD they built a new fort on the site of Gloucester town
centre. About 75 AD the Roman army moved on, but the site of the fort was
turned into a town for retired soldiers. The new town was called Glevum. Roman Gloucester was laid out in a grid pattern.
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Saxon Gloucester (577AD - 900AD)
The Saxons captured Gloucester in 577 AD after they won a battle against the native Celts. We do not know if there were people living in Gloucester at that time.
In the late 7th century the Saxons founded a monastery at Gloucester and the town began to revive. Craftsmen and merchants came to live in Gloucester once again. In the late 9th century the Saxons created a network of fortified towns called
burghs. In the event of a Danish attack all the men in the area would gather in the burgh to fight. Gloucester was made a burgh. In 915 AD men from Gloucestershire gathered in the town then went out to fight the Danes and defeated them in battle.
Gloucester flourished in the 10th century and it had a mint. A suburb grew up outside the North gate.
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Gloucester in the Late Middle ages (10th - 15th century)
Gloucester was considered a fairly large town. Gloucester, it was said, ranked 10th in among the towns of England for wealth. In the late 11th century the Normans built a wooden castle in Gloucester. In the 12th century it was rebuilt in stone. The main industry in Medieval Gloucester was making wool. There was also a large leather industry in Medieval Gloucester. Cloth and grain were exported from Gloucester and wine was imported from France. There was also a considerable fishing industry in the Severn. In towns in the Middle Ages fire was a constant risk since most buildings of wood with thatched roofs. In 1223 a fire destroyed part of Gloucester. As a result thatched roofs were banned.
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Gloucester in the 16th & 17th Century
In n 1541 Gloucester was given a bishop and the Abbey Church was made the new cathedral. John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, who was burned for heresy in St Marys Square in 1555. Meanwhile In 1540 a grammar school called the Crypt School opened in Gloucester.
During the 16th century and 17th century the wool trade continued to decline. Gloucester also suffered from frequent outbreaks of plague. By the early 17th century Gloucester was less important than it had once
been. Gloucester was still a busy port and a market town for the surrounding
region. Although the cloth industry declined pin making boomed in Gloucester in the 17th century.
Gloucester gained its first fire engine in 1648. Then in 1662 the city erected a statue of Charles I to curry favour. King Charles was not
impressed however and he ordered the destruction of the walls around Gloucester.
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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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Gloucester in the 18th & 19th Century
An infirmary was opened in Gloucester in 1761. The East gate was demolished in 1778 to make it easier for traffic to enter and leave the town. In 1768 two new market sites were created to house all the stalls that were impeding traffic and causing congestion. One was in Eastgate, the other in Southgate. In the 1780s North Gate, Outer North Gate and South Gate were all demolished to make way for traffic.
In the 19th Century Gloucester gained gas street lighting, a piped water supply was built. and a network of sewers. In 1879 horse drawn trams began running in Gloucester. The railway reached Gloucester in 1840. In the late 19th century a new industry began in Gloucester - making railway carriages. There was also flour milling, timber milling, making farm machinery and some shipbuilding. Gloucester grew rapidly in the 19th Century
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Gloucester in the 20th & 21st Century
In the 1900s growth spread to Tuffley, outwards engulfing the surrounding countryside. Gloucester gained an electricity supply in 1900 and in 1904 the horse drawn trams were replaced by electric ones. These were, in turn, replaced by buses in 1929. A fire station was built in Southgate Street in 1913. In the 1920s slums were replaced by council houses. Eastgate shopping centre was built in 1973.
In 2007 Gloucester suffered from bad floods. On a happier note in 2009 Gloucester Day, which celebrates the end of the siege in 1643 was revived. Today the population of Gloucester is 117,000.
I am sure you can add a lot more about the 21st Century in Gloucester!
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Now it's time to get creative!
1. You are going to be put into groups 2. Each group will be given a different period of time 3. Your job is to use the information given to draw and write about that period of history 4. When we have all finished we will create a class timeline showing the history of Gloucester. 5. Make sure you take your time and include as much detail as you can.
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Now its your turn!
1. You should each be given a piece of A3 paper and a copy of each of the maps. 2. You need to put these maps in the correct order and stick them onto the sheet of paper. 3. Label the different time periods and add some information next to the pictures, using the background information sheets.
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Roman Gloucester
A Timeline of Gloucester
49AD - 407AD In 64 AD they built a new fort on the site of Gloucester town centre.
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Lesson 2: How do we find out about older buildings?
A tour of
Southgate Street
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Visual Clues
What it is built from? Bricks were rarely used before 1500
Sash windows appeared in Georgian times
Has it changed over time? Cellars, roofs, changes or later additions can give clues
Cellar at New County Hotel with medieval stone
Rear blocked windows at New County Hotel
Original roof within later roof structure at 61 Southgate St
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What style is it built in?
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Documents • Wills
• Trade Directories
• Histories written by people in the past
• Census information
• Lists people kept of their possessions
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Pictures
• Old photographs
• Paintings
• Drawings
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Archaeology • Finding things below ground eg. foundations / remains of
older buildings
• Artefacts (objects) which tell us about the people who lived in a building or how it was used
Old water pipe found underground in Southgate Street
Roman wall found underground at Southgate Street
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Maps and Plans
• Old maps showing the location and size of the building at different times in the past
• Plans of the building which might show when it was built or how it looked originally
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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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A tour of Southgate Street
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What might we find out about this building?
St Michaels Tower: The tower was built in 1465, although earliest records are from the 12th century. The tower’s bells were rung to impose an overnight curfew on house fires. Most of the City’s buildings were built of timber, so overnight fires would have been a great hazard. The bells ceased to ring for the curfew in the 2nd world war. The main body of the church was taken down in 1849 to allow Eastgate St to be widened.
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What information should
we record about St Michaels Tower?
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What information can we record about these buildings?
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Southgate Street Field Trip !
Lesson 3 : Old Photo Comparison
What features are the same? What features are different?
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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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Things to think about!
1.Which building features are still there ? 2.Which building features have changed? 3.Do all the buildings still exist? 4.Can you tell if the buildings are being used in the same way? 5.What is happening in the Street? What changes can you spot? 6.What sort of clothes are being worn? 7.Why are things different today?
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Lesson 4: Be a building detective
What style is it built in?
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Be a building detective
We can often work out what period of history a building dates from by
looking at some of its features
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Features of a Tudor House
Tudor houses were famous for their black and white effect. Most ordinary houses had a black painted timber frame with spaces between filled with what was known as wattle and daub which was often painted with a lime wash to make it look white.
Roofs were steeply pitched and covered with clay tiles or thatch. The houses usually had stone chimneys Timber beams would often look uneven because they were cut by hand rather than machine.
Windows were made by blowing bubbles of glass and cutting them into diamond shapes. These were then fixed together with lead strips. Glass was very expensive so poorer people had windows without glass, which were covered with shutters at night when it was cold.
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Be a building detective for Southgate Street
Can we use the knowledge we have gathered to
work out the time periods for some of the buildings in
Southgate Street?
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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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Lesson 5: Robert Raikes
Who was Robert Raikes? Why is he important? What is his connection to Southgate Street?
Lesson 6:Using Maps to show changes over time The purpose of maps !
Without maps we would be totally lost. We would not know how far continents are apart, what features define different areas and even which road we want to take to get to a new place.
Geographers use maps to find out about populations, different landscapes, where there are fault lines and so much more.
We also use maps, for example to show us how to get to places and to show us the weather.
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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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Examples of maps!
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Let’s not forget digital maps
• Paper maps only tell us where a place is. GIS uses digital maps and information to help us make decisions, solve problems and help plan the way we live in the future.
• GIS software is a set of computer tools for collecting, storing, processing and displaying sets of information linked to places on maps.
• Digital maps, satellite images or aerial photographs can link information – helping to analyse land or map the quickest route to a fire, for example.
• In vector maps, each feature (for example, roads, buildings or woods) is recorded using XY co-ordinates and enable a GIS to link information from spreadsheets and databases to the maps. Vector data is stored in themed layers such as roads, water and settlements.
• It is estimated that more than 80% of all data has some link to a geographic place.
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Street Maps
Maps are often used by town planners to assess how different parts of a city is being used.
Planners can look back at older maps to see how things have changed and what properties have been used for and what they are now being used for. This can help them make decisions about renovation and change within a city.
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Map Comparison
Today we are going to look at some maps of Southgate street.
http://maps.bristol.gov.uk/kyp/?edition=glos
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Key Questions
• What information can we get from these maps.
• What would we like to find out?
• How can maps help us to find out about Southgate Street?
• How can maps show us how the built up environment has changed over the last few 100 years?
• What other sources of information will help us to trace the changes?
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PowerPoint Presentation Southgate Street THI Educational Resources
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Colour coding maps!
Creating a colour-coded map can be helpful in providing information about an area of interest. You can quickly identify important patterns by viewing the information. For example you can visually explore changes in use of buildings over time.
Maps are usually colour coded in the following way: •Yellows for residential uses such as single-family and town houses. •Browns for multi-family and high-rise residential •Reds for retail and commercial uses •Purples for industrial uses •Blues for institutional and public facilities •Greens for recreational uses •Greys for industrial / utilities
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Here are some useful categories you might like to include on your maps!
•Historic buildings •Retail properties •Financial buildings e.g. banks •Food businesses e.g. coffee shops •Vacant properties •Offices •Houses •Industrial buildings •Other
Now its time to create your own
maps!
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Create a table to show the information you have gathered on your maps
Category Map date Map date Map date Map date
Historical
Buildings
Financial
Buildings
Retail
Properties
Food
businesses
Vacant
Properties
Houses
Industrial
buildings
Offices
Other
Ask your friends for information about the maps
you have not done!
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Here are some key questions for you to answer!
What is the main thing you notice from your maps and collection of data? In your opinion what is the most important piece of information your maps and data show? Is there a specific time when the majority of changes occur in the use of properties? How do you know this? What are the major changes you can notice (make a list)? Using the information gathered can you predict how the use of buildings in Southgate Street will change in the future? Any other observations or comments?
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Lesson 7 : Evaluation of the changes in Southgate Street
1. Choose a cartoon strip or story board. 2. Make some notes on what you think are the most important key changes to Southgate street. 3. Create a cartoon strip or story board showing these key changes.
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Lesson 8: How are older buildings looked after?
• They can be put on a list of special buildings… “Listed”
• They can be in a Conservation Area
• Then the City Council can find some funding to help look after them
The Townscape Heritage Initiative project is funded through the Heritage Lottery Fund and the City Council. It aims to restore the older buildings and to make sure that they are occupied and have a suitable use.
Special permission is needed to change a listed building buildings can be listed because:
They have special architecture
They have a special history linked to them
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Buildings are given different grades
• Grade II
• Grade II*
• Grade I
If they are of special interest - 92% of buildings
Particularly important – 5.5% of buildings
Exceptional interest – 2.5% of buildings
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Conservation Areas
• Areas where a group of buildings are of interest due to their special character are sometimes made into a conservation area.
• This could be for architectural or historical reasons.
• Conservation areas help to make sure the special character of the area is kept.
• Not all buildings in conservation areas are listed.
• Southgate Street is in a conservation area.
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How is the special interest decided?
Evidence
Where the building is a physical source of information. History
Where the building demonstrates a period of history or has a historical association with an event or person. Community
Places which people value because they feel connected to them. Aesthetics
How it looks: it is pretty or unusual or an interesting design?
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Should we keep them as they are?
• Buildings change use over time
• We have changed the way we live
• Buildings have to adapt
• How much should we let buildings be changed?
• Should we let buildings be knocked down for new ones to be built?
• Should we find money to restore them?
• What do you think?
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