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Introduction to Health Informatics
Sandra Alarcon-Lovenia
Dept of Information Systems & Computer Science
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Course Description
Health is a complex field whose optimal operationsare mostly dependent on good quality information.
Compared to other industries like banking, agriculture
and commerce, health lags behind in the waytechnology is used to enhance its operations. Theresult is an ineffective and inefficient health systemwhich underutilizes information andcommunications technology.
This course introduces the student to the Philippinehealth situation and shows how ICT can beemployed to improve health care delivery.
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Local Health Situation
How would you describe it?
Where do you go for your medical
needs? Is it the same for the rest of the
Philippine population?
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Local Health Situation
Health care is mostly fee-for-service
Those who have the money can get highquality care.
Those who dont have to go to the publichealth system
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Local Health Situation
Congested public hospitals
Expensive private health facilities
Rural areas: cannot generate enoughincome for health professionals
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Global Health Situation
Health care is improving in manydeveloped countries
People are living longer with betterquality of life
Increasing need for healthprofessionals (doctors, nurses, etc. ) indeveloped countries
Need > more than what they can produce
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Local Health Situation
Many health professionals are leavingthe country
Doctors in rural areas are transferringto the cities
Doctors are taking up nursing so theycan leave
No doctors left in rural areas wherehealth care is most needed
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Not so recent study
The Brain Drain Phenomenon and ItsImplications for Health
2005Report By Jaime Galvez-Tan,Fernando Sanchez, Virginia Balanon
Health Services, Health ServicesHuman Resources
Proposed 10 Strategic solutions
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Philippine Health Services
Percent of children who were delivered by ahealth professional 59.8 % (2003) b
Percent of children who were delivered in a
health facility 37.9% (2003) b
Percent of deaths attended by a healthprofessional 48% (2003) a
Percent of children 12-23 months fullyimmunized 60% (2003)b
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 48.9 (2003b
Physicians per 100,000 people 124 (2002)c
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Philippine Health Services SWOT Analysis
Attempt? Internal
Strengths
W
eaknesses External
Opportunities
Threats
IT: one area of opportunity for
improving health services
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Internet in the Philippines
24M users in 2009, 30M by 2012 (Nielsen,2009)
Filipinos use the Internet for an average of
3.8 hours per day
81% between the ages of 10 and 39
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Factors driving Internet adoption
Highly educated middle class
Decreasing connectivity cost
Increasing channels (3G, DSL, WiFi) Increasing number of Filipino expatriates (i.e.
usage of IM, VOIP calling such as Skype)
Sachet marketing : prepaid cards allowed
usage of Internet for as low as Php 10
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Filipinos are the one of the most significant
populations on the Internet.
No. 1 users on Friendster 13M users out of 95M
No. 1 on Multiply.com
2M of 10M users ABS-CBN owns 5% of Multiply which they paid $5M
No.8 on Facebook 10M out of 450M
Facebook is now the no. 1 site in the Philippines, dethroning
Inquirer.net
Used to be the No. 1 users on Youtube
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Health Opportunity in IT?
Health is a complex field whose optimaloperations are mostly dependent ongood quality information.
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What is Informatics
All about INFORMATION
The science of information
Information processing Applications that process information
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Informatics + Discipline
Organization and management of
Data
Information Knowledge
of the specific discipline
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General and Specific Disciplines
Social Informatics
Organizational Informatics
Health-Care Informatics Nursing Informatics
Business Informatics
Community Informatics Bioinformatics
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Medical Informatics
The organization and management ofinformation in support of
Patient careEducation
Research
Administration
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Health informatics
Study and application of methods toimprove the management ofpatient data,medical knowledge, population data and
otherinformationrelevant to patient careand community health.
Scope:
fromDN
A
Individual
Community Area:
Data, Information Knowledge
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Health Informatics: Scope
bioinformatics medical informatics public health informatics
DNA Individuals/Organisms Populations
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Health Informatics: Areas
Data
Clinical data gathering
InformationHealth records management
Knowledge
ClinicalD
ecision support Community health management
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Data
Symbols or signs
Property, attribute of an object, eventor environment
Does not have a meaning on its own
Raw facts
3.75
240
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Information
Related data given meaning Relationship is established as a result of
processing
Answers questions What Who When Where
2009 Yearly QPI is 3.75Cholesterol level is 240
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Knowledge
Appropriate collection of information anddata
Deterministic process
Result of understanding patterns Probabilities, likely associations
Student can run forHonors (cumulative QPI is
3.65)Patient has high cholesterol, and has high risks
for heart disease
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Assignment: Research and Online Discussion on the
Philippine Health Situation
Search for more recent (2009-2010) newsarticles, journal articles, or reports thatcharacterize the Philippine Health Situation.
Share the one that struck you the most.Briefly explain what struck you in that article.
Post that article as an entry in MoodleOnline Discussion: Philippine Health Situation
Read at least one of your classmates entry,post a meaningful reaction to his/her entry
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Health Data
Specific facts and parameters
Characteristics of Data
Accuracy Completeness
Relevance
Reliability
Security
Timeliness
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Clinical Data
Vs. Financial and Accounting Data
In many different forms In different episodes
May be entered by different clinicians,
departments, at different times
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Medical Knowledge
Cumulative experience of applyinguseful clinical informationmanagement techniques to yieldtimely and significant decision
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Health Informatics in the Philippines
National Telehealth Center
UP Manila Center
M
andated to enhance health carethrough ICT
Synapse Health
IT Company focusing on Health solutions
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Some Ongoing Projects
Electronic Health Records
Community Health Information TrackingSystem or CHITS
Open MRS (Medical Records System)
Telehealth/Telemedicine
Pasay SMS
M-Dok
ASCeNt (Physicians for Peace Prosthesis)
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E-Health: National Telehealth Example
Electronic Health Records
E-Learning
Telemedicine
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E-Learning
Learning through the Internet
Health professionals can receive moretraining in remote areas
Health education of rural communities
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Telemedicine
Health professionals available over theInternet
Develop applications that will allowpatients to consult their doctors using
ICT
Concerns: Privacy, Authentication,Confidentiality
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Health Informatics
Electronic Health Records
Electronic Patient Records
Electronic Medical Records
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Health Informatics
Decision Support Systems
Help medical professionals makeinformed decisions
Help prevent medical errors
Provides evidence on the best treatmentavailable
Requires EHR
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Health Informatics
Expert Systems
Software systems that collect inputvariables and generate treatment options
ranked according to different parameters
Example: Appendicitis
Surgery? Medicine? Combination?
Requires EHR
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Health Informatics
Bioinformatics
Understand origin of diseases
Develop new vaccines, new drugs
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Health Informatics
Public health informatics
Data warehousing (from EHR data)
Geographic information systems
Predictive analysis of outbreaks andepidemics
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References
The Brain Drain Phenomenon and Its Implications forHealthhttp://www.up.edu.ph/oldforum/2005/Jul-Aug05/brain_drain.htm (accessed on April 12, 2010)
CS187.1 2009 slides (Andrei Coronel) HIMA 2009 slides (Ayedee Domingo, MD)
UP Manila - National Telehealth Center websitehttp://plone.telehealth.ph (accessed on April 10, 2010) Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme website
http://www.apdip.net/projects/ictrnd/map/ph (accessed onApril 12, 2010)
Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom
http://www.systems-thinking
.org/dikw/dikw
.htm (accessed onApril 13, 2010)
Medical Informaticshttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=13-OAIr2GiAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false(accessed on April 10, 2010)