Lecture 9 Software Architecture

7232019 Lecture 9 Software Architecture

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Micro processors Systems

Software Architecture of theSoftware Architecture of the 8088808880868086MicroprocessorsMicroprocessors

Lecturer DrLecturer Dr HeshamHesham ElEl ZoukaZouka

983107983107983092983090983089 983085 983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154 983109983150983143983145983150983141983141983154983145983150983143 983108983141983152983156983086



225

Pipelined architecture of the 8886 microprocessors2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a



Execution and bus interface units2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a



Software Model of the 8886 Microprocessors2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a



Memory Address Space and Data Organization

Memory address space

Storing a word in memory

What is the word in (b) in Hex

2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a



Aligned and misaligned data word

Is the word stored in (b) aligned

2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a



Aligned and misaligned double words of data2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a



Storing double word in memory2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example

How should the pointer with segment base address equal to

A000H and offset address 55FFH be stored at an even-address boundary at 0008H

Is the double word aligned

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types

Unsigned word integer0 ndash 65535

Unsigned byte integer0 - 255

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample

TheThe packed BCD data stored at byte addresspacked BCD data stored at byte address 0100001000HHequalsequals 100100011001000122 What is the twoWhat is the two--digit decimaldigit decimal

numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Dedicated Reserved and General use Memory

128 Bytes

1MB=1048576

Some address locations have dedicated functions and should not be used asgeneral memory for storage of data or instructions of a program

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers

bull Normally used for storing temporary resultsbull Each of the registers is 16 bits wide (AX BX CX DX)bull Can be accessed as either 16 or 8 bits AX AH AL

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers - Operations2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Pointer and Index Registers

- All 16 bits wide LH bytes are not accessible- Used as memory pointers

bull Example MOV AH [SI]Move the byte stored in memory location whose address is contained in register SI to register AH

bull-IP is not under direct control of the programmer

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Status Register (Control Flags)

bull Six of the flags are status indicators reflecting properties of the lastarithmetic or logical instruction

bull For example if register AL = 7Fh and the instruction ADD AL1is executed then the following happen

AL = 80hCF = 0 there is no carry out of bit 7PF = 0 80h has an odd number of onesAF = 1 there is a carry out of bit 3 into bit 4ZF = 0 the result is not zero

SF = 1 bit seven is oneOF = 1 the sign bit has changed

bull Can be used to transfer program control to a new memory locationeg ADD AL1

JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register - examples

0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001

AnsAns CFCF00 ZFZF00 SFSF11 OFOF11 PFPF11 AFAF11

0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001

AnsAns CFCF 11 ZFZF11 SFSF00 OFOF00 PFPF11 AFAF11

0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Generating A Memory Address

bull Addresses within a segment can range from address 0 to addressFFFFh This corresponds to the 64Kbyte length of the segment

bull An address within a segment is called an offset or logical address

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack

- The stack is used for temporary storage of information such as data oraddresses for instance when a CALL is executed the 8088automatically PUSHes the current value of CS and IP onto the stack

bull Other registers can also be pushedbull Before return from the subroutine POP instructions can be used to pop

values back from the stack into the corresponding registers

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example for PUSH2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example for POP2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



225

Pipelined architecture of the 8886 microprocessors2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a







2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a





2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a







2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a





2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a







2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a





2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a







2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a





2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a





2 0

0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L

Z o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example




2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Data Types



2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Signed integers

-128 - +127

-32768 - +32767

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




Unpacked BCD

Packed BCD

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



ExampleExample


numbersnumbers

100100012 =1001BCD 0001BCD = 9110

2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




E L Z o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




128 Bytes

1MB=1048576


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Data Registers


2 0 0 9 D r H e sh am

E L Z o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a







2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a









JNZ 0100h

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Flag register

983107983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150983137983148 983142983148983137983143983155

983107983151983150983156983154983151983148 983142983148983137983143983155

2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




0110100101101001 ++ 0001100100011001


0111111101111111 ++ 1000000110000001


0101101101011011 ++ 1101001011010010


2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a






2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



Example2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a



The Stack




2 0 0

9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a




9 D r H e sh am

E L Z

o uk a

Documents

Lecture 9 Software Architecture