Lecture 606 Interior

7/29/2019 Lecture 606 Interior

1/68

Typical Interior Partitions

Be clear: 'typical' and 'possible' are not

the same. What is 'typically' built may or

may not not be ideal, beautiful, or even

functional. 'Typical' means just that, it is

what is done most of the time.

'Possible' is where designers live;

designers explore the question "What if..."


2/68

Even so, it is useful to understand what is

'typically' built.

'GWB', 'Sheetrock', 'drywall', 'gyp board',

are all different ways of referring to

gypsum board, a flat panel product that is

used to make the surfaces of partitions

and ceilings.


3/68

Read pages 52 89, & 182 194 &

221 - 229 in Sustainable Building Systems

and Construction for Designers"


4/68

gypsum board

gypsum boards are manufactured by

many different companies. USGypsum is

one such company. USG makes a

product that is called 'Sheetrock'. This istheir version of gypsum board.


5/68

The term 'Sheetrock' is a proprietary term;

that is, it is a proper name; the name of

USG's gypsum board.

Nevertheless, you may hear people refer

to 'sheetrock' as if this is the generic way

of referring to gypsum board; it is not.

The generic term is 'gypsum board.'


6/68

gypsum boards are produced in many

sizes and thicknesses:

4'x8', 4'x10', 4'x16'

thicknesses of: 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 3/4",5/8",

a special product called 'shaftwall' is 1"

thick, and designed to be used to lineelevator shafts.


7/68


8/68


9/68

Gypsum Board

Gypsum board is the generic name for the group of products

comprised mainly of a noncombustible gypsum core and paper

facings.

Gypsum board is commonly referred to as drywall, wallboard, plasterboardand sheetrock. Gypsum is a mineral found in sedimentary rock formations.

This product is perfectly highly fire resistant.

Gypsum contains chemically combined water that is driven off as steam

when subjected to high heat, effectively fighting fire. Gypsum board is the

most common interior finish used today in Canada and the United States


10/68

Types of Gypsum Board

Regular- is used as a surface layer for walls

and ceilings, available in tapered and square

edges.

Type X - is available in -inch or 5/8-inch

thickness and has improved fire- resistance

through the use of fibers mixed within the

gypsum core.


11/68

Type C or Improved X - Additional additives

give this product improved fire-resistance.

Required in some fire-tested assemblies.

Water Resistant Board - made with a water-

resistant core and water-resistant face paper.

Also known as "green" board. Designed as a

ceramic tile backer board..


12/68

Gypsum Liner board - available in - or 1-inch

thickness and used primarily in area separation

wall systems.

Soffit board - designed for exterior use under

protected overhangs and walkways.


13/68

Gypsum sheathing - used as an

underlayment in exterior walls for

structural stability and fire-protection.

Available in treated and non-treated corefor water-resistance.


14/68

Joint Treatment

Gypsum wallboard produces a monolithic surface by

taping the depression formed along the edges of gypsum

board. The procedure is to embed a tape with a taping or

joint compound over the tapered joint. The depression is

then filled with successive layers of compound and

sanded to produce a monolithic surface. The square

edge of the gypsum panels that meet are often referred

to as "butt" joints and should be feathered out furtherthan tapered joints.


15/68

an exterior wall may also be the 'interior' wall.

here triangles are used to build a 'geodesic' dome


16/68

plywood is used as 'sheathing' to begin

the weather enclosure


17/68

insulation can be sprayed on. this is useful when the

surfaces involved are of uneven, or irregular form.


18/68

wood stud framing. individual pieces of wood, combined in a system

that includes surface finish materials, and construction technologies.


19/68

there are two wood framing systems:

platform framing & balloon framing

platform framing: vertical studs are only one story tall.

each separate story is framed individually, one vertical

level at a time. most wood frame buildings today are

built this way.

balloon framing: vertical studs run the full vertical height

of the building. floor joists are 'let in' to notches in the

vertical studs. used mostly prior to 1940.


20/68

platform framing


21/68

platform framing:

one story of wall construction is made, and then

placed on the floor.
http://www.woodmags.com/wdb/magazine_rack/2001_summer_16/procos/photos/photo6big.php3http://www.woodmags.com/wdb/magazine_rack/2001_summer_16/procos/photos/photo5big.php3


22/68

balloon framing


23/68


24/68

balloon framing: shows floor joists set into

continuous vertical studs


25/68

wood rafters in place


26/68

typical wood stud wall in

platform framing


27/68

heavy timber frame:large timber pieces make whole frame sections


28/68

heavy timber framing


29/68


30/68

assembling heavy timber trusses


31/68

A good website for heavy timber

framing information and images

http://www.vermonttimberworks.com/framing.html


32/68

there are many different types of wood joints used in heavy

timber framing such as the mortise & tenon, and dovetail


33/68

this is a student project, from the university of oregon.

each is a 'kit of parts'; one of heavy timber, the other of

lightweight metal components.


34/68

bricks

There are two basic brick types - face and

paver.

paver bricks are used for patios, driveways, et

cetera. paver bricks are usually 4" x 8" x 2"

face bricks are typically used to build walls. face

bricks are made in a range of sizes, but the mostcommon construction brick size is 3 5/8" x 2 1/4"

x 7 5/8"


35/68

The most common brick wall used in

building houses is a "veneered wall".

Facing brick is placed outside the frame of

the house and the brick veneer is attached

to the frame by metal ties or by grouting it

to mesh attached to studs.


36/68

The other common type of wall used in

houses is a solid masonry "bearing wall",

which means that the wall carries the

weight of the house. With this type of wall,there is no frame behind the brick. Instead,

the brick, and usually a "back up" of hollow

masonry units or brick, provide bothenclosure and structural system.


37/68

In some cases, a house may have a brick

"cavity wall" (which is frequently a bearing

wall as well).

This is a wall in which a space is left between an outer

and an inner width of brick. The space is usually filled

with insulation. Most often, this type of wall is used when

it is desirable to have an exposed brick interior wall.However, exposed brick interiors can be constructed

using inside veneered or bearing walls.


38/68

glass blocks in astack bond pattern


39/68


40/68

a brick arch, a stone lintel:both the arch, and the lintel are structural elements for allowing an

opening beneath
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/EEI/MASONRY/40larkin2.jpghttp://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/EEI/MASONRY/35uva.jpg


41/68

a piece of steel is being used in this old brick wall as a lintel, to support

the weight of the wall above, in order to install a new, large, window.


42/68

There are three categories ofstone:

1) Igneous: solidified directly from the molten state, thisis the hardest and least porous stone.

2) Sedimentary: sand and decomposed material carried

by water, and settled, this is the softest and most porousstone.

3) Metamorphic: sedimentary materials which are further

hardened by a combination of pressure, heat, and

moisture, close in hardness compared with igneous

stone.


43/68

stone used in construction (of a building,

or a garden wall) may be divided into

three classes:

rubble

ashlar

trimmings


44/68

rubble

Rubblework: consists of stones in which

the adjoining sides are not required to be

at right angles. It is used for rough

masonry, as in foundations, backing, etc.,and frequently consists of common field

stone, roughly dressed


45/68

rubble

Field-Stone Walls. Walls of this kind are

built of small, uncut stones, and are

frequently employed for fences and rustic-

house work. Such walls should be madequite thick on account of the round and

unstable shape of the stones used in their

construction.


46/68

ashlar

Ashlar:

Stonework that is cut on four sides so that

the adjoining sides will be at right angles

to each other, is known as ashlar, no

matter whether the face is dressed or not.


47/68

an excellent website:

http://www.astoft.co.uk/index.htm

this is: The Astoft Collection of Buildings of

England


48/68


49/68


50/68

d k f i l


51/68

stone used to make facing, or panels,

is cut using a saw

stone blocks are carefully blasted apart and


52/68

stone blocks are carefully blasted apart, and

dug out of the earth. the place where this is

done is called a quarry.


53/68


54/68


55/68

white Italian marble from the region around


56/68

white Italian marble from the region around

Carerra is world famous

A massive Corinthian capital in the stone fabrication shop


57/68

p p

in Indiana. This capital was carved from a twenty ton block

of Indiana buff limestone.


58/68


59/68

1) Granite: Igneous, extremely hard

(and non-porous), used commonly as veneer.

2) Limestone, Sandstone: sedimentary stones that differ based on their

composition, they are soft, fairly porous, easily worked, and are used both as a

veneer and as structural material.

3) Marble: metamorphic, harder than limestone or sandstone, and more durable,

still fairly easily worked. Mostly a decorative material

4) Slate: metamorphic, a smooth, dark, waterproof material used frequently in floors,

and as shingles.

5) Travertine: sedimentary, a soft porous stone used decoratively in interior uses only.

6) Soapstone: sedimentary, used for counters.

Stone used in building

Dry stone walls are called dry because no mortar or other bonding material

h l i d k h h A i l ll i f


60/68

such as clay is used to keep the stones together. A typical wall consists of a

foundation course, generally of larger stones or boulders known as footings,

with two wall faces of large stones. The cavity in between the faces is filled with

smaller stones or hearting.


61/68

stone veneer

Stone Veneer Although stone is too

expensive in general for structural

purposes, because of its durability it can

be effectively used for surfaceapplications.

Choice of stone is determined by color,texture, desired hardness, and weight,

with a multitude of options available.


62/68

Applications of stone veneers:

1) Interior: as a wall or floor covering,

generally for public area like lobbies,corridors.

2) Exterior: as a cladding, for the base, forspandrel panels, or for the entire building


63/68

stone being used as a veneer, on top of steel studs with a

mesh lath.

stone with a concrete or concrete block


64/68

stone with a concrete or concrete block

backup.


65/68

Finish of stone masonry

1) Roughed: the outer surface of the stone may be cut in

such a way that it looks uncut. This treatment is

commonly found at the base of a building (such as this

one).

2) Rustication: grooves are left at the edges of the stones

to provide extra definition of the joints. Traditionally this

is used as a transition between the roughed stone and

the smooth stone.

3) Smooth: there are a number of finished that can be

applied to relatively smooth stones, depending on the

device used.


66/68


67/68

a free standing garden wall:


68/68

a free standing garden wall:can be built using a concrete sub-structure, or just stacked and

mortared stones
http://www.vincistone.com/images/how_to_center/mortared_wall_large.jpg

Documents

Lecture 606 Interior