Lecture 4 (Nov. 2)

The Johari Window

Known to Self Unknown to self

Known to others

Unknown to others

Open Blind

Hidden Unknown

Chapter 3:How Personality

Influences Human Relations

What makes me this way?

Why Study Personality?

• Personality is often described in theoretical terms.

• Theory refers to a set of beliefs that has been tested a number of times and considered valid. It is an explanation of “what makes people tick.”

What IS Personality?

PERSONALITY (p. 76) refers to a person’s unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are consistent over time and across situations. It can be studies from the psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, and trait theory perspectives.

Personality and Culture

Culture revisited (p. 7) is a set of values, shared by a group of p

eople, which shape and influence norms, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, perceptions, and behaviors of group members.

E.g. Attitude towards Wealth

• Political system (part of Culture ??)Capitalistic society (such as HK, US) vs Socialistic society (such as Sweden, etc.)

• Culture What shaped the current Culture of HK?Infinite factors but what are the leading ones?e.g. 恭喜發財

Values Are the Foundation of Culture

• Everyone has values.• Challenge in value identification

involves discovery of positive outcomes each person seeks.

• Becoming familiar with global value systems provides way to draw ideas and possibilities.

Values in Everyday Life

What are the origins of culture?

• Cultural norms are transmitted between generations, causing change to evolve slowly.

• Basic component of cultural norms equals survival.

• Cultural norms/values stem from behavior patterns needed to survive and thrive.

• Survival needs frame cultural variations.

Possible factors

• Confucianism -- 儒家思想The teaching of Confucius (552-479 BC) a system of ethical prec

epts for the proper management of society• Taoism -- 道家思想

A principal philosophy and system of religion of China based on the teachings of Lao-tzu 老子 in the sixth century B.C.

• Buddhism6th century BC

• Christianity

Confucianism -- 儒家思想

• Loyalty 忠 • Filial piety 孝 • Humanity 仁 • The Gentlemen 君子 • The Five Bonds 五倫• Etc.

五倫

父子之倫

兄弟之倫

夫婦之倫

君臣之倫

朋友之倫

1.Ruler to Subject ; 2. Father to Son; 3. Husband to Wife; 4. Elder Brother to Younger Brother; and

5. Friend to Friend

Buddhism

• Nirvana 涅盤 / 天堂 • Meditation 沈思 / 冥想 • the doctrine of reincarnation

輪迴說 / 轉世

• Karma 因果報應 • Etc.

Christian Values

• God (Father) created everything• Jesus (Son) saves people from sin• Holy Spirit inspires Christian and brings

the presence of God• Heaven / Purgatory / Hell

Taoism -- 道家思想• the unity of humanity and the

universe • Way 道• balance between the two opposing

energies of yin and yang • harmonize cosmic energies • Etc.

A snapshot of Phi1101

A show of handsAn unscientific survey

Imperial examination -- 科舉• 隋朝科舉制度開啟學而優則仕路徑

500 – 600 AD

Imperial examination -- 科舉功名 利祿 • 十年寒窗高中狀元

Assignment 4

Culture in a pic:1. IC;2. PD;3. UA; and4. MAS.

Imperial Examination

Where in the world?

• How does geography influence culture?

• Geographical region influence• Non-geographical influence

Geographical region influence

• Particular challenges (and their resolution) in the environment shape cultural values, norms, and behavior patterns.

• Challenges include such things as:• availability of resources• population density• climate

Non-geographical influence

• Culture permeates the lives and choices made as people pursue individual goals.

• Non-geographical influences include such things as:

• age• gender• education• ethnicity• race• religion• related social needs