Lecture 3

Values & principles of professional ethics

ByDr. Hala Yehia

Objective Define value Identify attitude List component of attitude Define beliefs Types of value Nursing value & responsibilities Value clarification Identify principles of ethics

Ethics Ethics deals with the “rightness” or

“wrongness” of human behavior

Concepts of Ethics

Values Belief systems Morality

Value

Value is a attitude or belief about the importance of a goal, action , object.

Or

Enduring attitudes or beliefs about the worth of a person, object, idea, or action

A. attitudes a feeling or an emotion, generally

including a positive or negative judgment, toward a person, object, idea, or action

(e.g., acceptance, compassion)

B. beliefs Beliefs (or opinions) are interpretations or

conclusions that people accept as true. They are based more on faith than fact and may or may not be true.

Life and death Good and evil Health and illness

Value Formation

Values are learned Values change with maturity and

experience

Types of values a. religious (obtains strength from religious beliefs) b. theoretical (holds truth, rationality, and

respectable) c. political (values power) d. economic (values usefulness and practicality) e. aesthetic (values beauty, harmony, and form) f. social (values human interactions, is kind,

sympathetic, and unselfish)

Values Transmission Values are learned through observation and

experience. As a result, they are heavily influenced by a person's sociocultural environment that is, by societal traditions; by cultural, and religious groups; and by family and peer groups.

For example, if a parent consistently

demonstrates honesty in dealing with others, the child will probably begin to value honesty.

Nursing values: Safe & competent Health & well –being Choice Dignity Confidentiality Justice Accountability

Values clarification It is a process by which people identify,

examine, and develop their own individual values.

Values clarification promotes personal growth by fostering awareness, empathy, and insight. Therefore, it is an important step for nurses to take in dealing with ethical problems.

Values Clarification Choosing

Choosing (cognitive) Beliefs are chosen Freely, without outside pressure · From among alternatives

Values Clarification Prizing Prizing (affective) Chosen beliefs are prized

Acting Acting (behavioral) Chosen beliefs are

Repeated consistently in one's life

Ethical Principles

Autonomy Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice Fidelity Confidentiality Veracity Accountability

Autonomy Autonomy Greek word AUTOS meaning self and nomos meaning governance - Self determination Freedom to choose and implement one’s

decision Informed consent Allowing the patient to refuse treatment if he

decides so

Beneficence This principle means “doing good” for

others.

"Do good and avoid harm.

Nonmaleficence

Non means “not” and mal means “bad”. Non-maleficence means “not to do or inflict harm”.

To do no harm o Not assisting in or performing

abortion

Justice

Referred to as fairness Every individual must be treated equally This requires nurses to be nonjudgmental

Fidelity

means to be faithful to agreements and promises

Loyalty The promise to fulfill all commitments

Confidentiality Anything stated to nurses or health-care

providers by clients must remain confidential

The only times this principle may be violated are: If clients may indicate harm to themselves or

others If the client gives permission for the information

to be shared

Veracity

Refers to telling the truth. This principle implies “truthfulness” Nurses need to be truthful to their clients Veracity is an important component of

building trusting relationships

Accountability

Individuals need to be responsible for their own actions

Nurses are accountable to themselves and to their colleagues

Thank You