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Lecture 26, 25 Nov. 2008Restoration & Reconciliation

Conservation BiologyECOL 406R/506R

University of ArizonaFall 2008

Bonine & Epps

506 meet at 1505h today

ReadingsToday 25 Nov: Restoration & Reconciliation: Primack Ch8Tues 02 Dec: CREATIVITY EXHIBIT NOON – 4PMThurs 04 Dec: Primack Ch7-8, Kellerman et al. 2008, Donlan et al. 2005Tues 09 Dec: Primack Ch9, Chan 2008; Lackey 2007; Noss 2007 Q9 posted soon

LAB: Fri 05 Dec, bring $2 506?

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Tables: Glen, Nathan(how do I get them??)

Sign up sheet, please.

Space needs sheet, please.

Please turn in your “abstract” and your

grading criteria.

Stop me 5 min early

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Restoration

GoalsScaleTimeframe

FeasibilityMonitoringAdaptive Management

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Restoration

Species ProtectionHabitat ProtectionEcosystem FunctionEcosystem Services

MitigationCompensationReference Sites

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Restoration

Spectrum from NO ACTION

to

Complete Restoration(how do you define this?)

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Ecological TheoryConcepts, predictive models and

mathematical models to explain pattern and processes in ecological systems

Restoration EcologyThe scientific process of developing theory to guide restoration and using

restoration to advance ecology.

Ecological Restoration

The practice of restoring degraded ecological systems

Don Falk

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http://www.ser.org/

http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/Falk et al. 2006

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Restoration Candidates

Human Degradation

Disturbance

Altered ecological processes

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Three fundamental elements of restoration:

1. Defined reference condition.2. Disrupted ecosystem.3. Desired future condition.

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Ecological Restoration: “The process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed.”

Restoration Ecology: 1. The study of relationships among organisms and the abiotic environment, in a context of ecological restoration. 2. The scientific study of patterns and mechanisms operating in ecological restoration.” – Don Falk et al., 2006

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Ecological Restoration Goals

• Restore ecosystems to conditions consistent with their evolutionaryenvironments

• Connect sustainable human communities with sustainable wildlands

• Conserve wildlands for present and future generations

Covington, 2000

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Ecological Restoration:Criteria for Success

• Sustainability• Resistance to Invasion• Productivity• Nutrient Retention• Functional Relations• Genetic Appropriateness

Therefore, monitor!

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Restoring functioning ecological communities

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Example: Restoring species interactions

• Pollination• Dispersal• Herbivory & Predation• Competition• Trophic Structure and Dynamics

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Everglades Restoration

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Everglades RestorationFlows, Timing, Quality

$3.3 Billion

Water Quality and AgriculturePhosphorous

Land Acquisition

Stormwater Treatment

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Lake Okeechobee

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Coopertown, FL

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Shark Valley, Everglades, FL

Native?Invasive?AlligatorsCrocodilesPythons

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Southwest Watersheds

Beaver Dams

Gabions

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Grand Canyon

Historic Flood Regime

vs.Kanab Amber Snail(ESA)

Goals in conflict?

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http://www.epa.gov/region09/cleanup/arizona.html

EPA SuperFund Sites in Arizona

TIA:

http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/vwsoalphabetic/Tucson+International+Airport+Area?OpenDocument

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Monitoring

• What to monitor to measure successof restoration or management efforts?

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Restoration/ConservationDiscussion

What methods and techniques could you use to monitor and evaluate the success of a restoration project? What time scale would you suggest using?

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Win-Win Ecology

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Tumamoc Hill

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Reconciliation Example

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Eglin Air Force Base

Longleaf Pine (90 million 5k acres)Fire (germination, reduce competition)Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (ESA)

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Linking Restoration with Social Justice

Wangari MaathaiWangari Maathai is the founder of the Green Belt Movement, an environmentalist, a civil society and women's rights activist, and a parliamentarian. You can read about her life and her organization through her two books, Unbowed: A Memoir and The Green Belt Movement. You can also scan condensed versions of her life and achievements, including being awarded the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize.

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GBM Kenya focuses on six core programs:

-Environmental Conservation/Tree Planting-Civic & Environmental Education-Advocacy & Networking-Pan African Training Workshops-Green Belt Safaris (GBS)-Women for Change (Capacity Building)

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What is the Green Belt Movement?

A Vision StatementBy UnattributedOctober 12, 2006The planting of trees is the planting of ideas. By starting with the simple act of planting a tree, we give hope to ourselves and to future generations.–Wangari MaathaiWhat is the Green Belt Movement?The Green Belt Movement is one of the most prominent women’s civil society organizations, based in Kenya, advocating for human rights and supporting good governance and peaceful democratic change through the protection of the environment. Its mission is to empower communities worldwide to protect the environment and to promote good governance and cultures of peace.

How It All StartedThe Green Belt Movement (GBM) was started in 1977 by Dr. Wangari Maathai, the first African woman and the first environmentalist to receive the Nobel Peace Prize (in 2004). What began as a grassroots tree planting program to address the challenges of deforestation, soil erosion and lack of water is now a vehicle for empowering women. The act of planting a tree is helping women throughout Africa become stewards of the natural environment.

But that’s just the first step.

By protecting the environment, these women are also becoming powerful champions for sustainable management of scarce resources such as water, equitable economic development, good political governance, and ultimately….. peace.

Our AchievementsToday, more than 40 million trees have been planted across Africa. The result: soil erosion has been reduced in critical watersheds, thousands of acres of biodiversity-rich indigenous forest have been restored and protected, and hundreds of thousands of women and their families are standing up for their rights and those of their communities and so are living healthier, more productive lives.

Yet, so much remains to be done. Forests are still being lost, democracy is fragile, and poverty is still widespread.

Our Vision for the FutureOur goal in the next decade is to plant one billion trees worldwide. A healthy natural world is at the heart of an equitable and peaceful society. And protecting the environment is something every individual can take part in.