Lecture 1ab v2

8/9/2019 Lecture 1ab v2

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Computers &Computers &

InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology

Introduction to Information TechnologyIntroduction to Information Technology

By³:By³: JinAd JinAd



What is Information Technology?

I nformation Technology is a

general term which refers to thehardware and software that

accepts data, process these

data, and release information.



Purposes of IT:

to inform

to educate

to entertain

to control



the most versatile

form of IT.



Predecessors of the

Predecessors of theModern ComputerModern Computer



Abacus

Slide Rule



Pascals Calculator

Blaise Pascal

French philosopher,mathematician, and physicist,

considered one of the greatminds in Western intellectual

history



Analytical EngineCharles Babbage

British mathematician andinventor, who designed and

built mechanical computingmachines on principles thatanticipated the modernelectronic computer and thusregarded as the ³Father of the

Computer.́



American inventor, who

devised a system of encodingdata on cards through a seriesof punched holes. This system

proved useful in statisticalwork and was important in the

development of the digital

computer. Hollerith's machine,used in the 1890 U.S. census

Herman Hollerith

Electric Tabulating Machine



ENIAC Electronic

Numerator,Integrator

and

Computer

Vacuum tube

Punched cards



UNIVAC



Transistors and Diodes

John Bardeen

Walter Brattain

William Shockley



Integrated circuit

Microprocessor



Classification ofClassification ofComputers (Capacity)Computers (Capacity)

When we say capacity, it refers to the volume

of work one computer can handle. Before, thecapacity was determined by the size of thecomputer. But because of the modernminiaturization of some computer components,capacity now refers to the measure of thenumber of jobs (or program) it can run rather than by volume of data it can process.



Super Computers

CM-5 Supercomputer

Cray Supercomputer



Large-Scale Computers mainframes



Mini Computers



Micro Computers



Components of a TypicalComponents of a Typical

Computer SystemComputer System



A typical personal computer has components to displayand print information (monitor and laser printer); input commands and data (keyboard and mouse); retrieve

and store information (CD-ROM and disk drives); andcommunicate with other computers (modem).



A reas of Computer Use A reas of Computer Use



Graphics

Architecture: uses computer animated graphics toexperiment with possible exteriors, to give clients a visual

walk-through of proposed buildings, and to subject

buildings to hypothetical earthquakes.

Medicine: brain-scan computers produce color-enhanced maps to help diagnose mental illness.

Business: executives can utilize computer graphics too,

by making bar graphs and pie charts out of tedious figures

andusing color to convey information with far moreimpacts than what numbers can do alone.

Arts: uses computers to create cartoon animation,

landscapes, television logos, and still life.





Commerc e

Zebra-stripped bar codes that can read by scanners at

supermarket checkout stands to determine price.

Modern-day warehousing and inventory management

can not exist without computers.

En ergy

Energy companies use computers to locate oil, coal,

natural gas, and uranium.

Electric companies use computers to monitor vast

power networks. Meter readers use handheld computers

to record how much energy is used each month in homes

and businesses.





T ran sportati on

Computers are used to r un rapid transit systems, load

containerships, track railroad cars across the country,

safeguard airport takeoffs and landings, monitor air traffic,

and schedule travel.

They are also used in cars and motorcycles to monitor

fluid levels, temperatures, and electrical systems and

even improve f uel mileage.





P aperwork

Using a computer and word processing software for

typing and editing paperwork/ reports before printing the

final copy.

Sending e-mail instead of writing yo

ur letter onstationery and mailing it in the post office.

Newspaper and magazines now have their electronic

editions.

Computerized bookkeeping, record keeping, anddocument sending have made paperwork more efficient.





Mon ey

Computers speed up record

keeping and allow banks to offer

same-day services, do-it-yourself

banking over the phone, and

remote transactions via an ATM.

Computers have helped f uel thecashless economy, enabling the

widespread use of credit cards and

instantaneous credit checks by

banks, department stores, andother retailers.

Some oil companies even use

activated credit card and self-

service gasoline pumps.



G ov er n men t

Computers are used for social security services,

medical services, and tax collection.

Computers are also used for forecasting weather,

servicing parks, processing immigrants, meting justice,

and tallying the votes during election time.

In tracking suspected criminals.

In record keeping (birth certificates, land titles, marriage

contracts, business permits, etc.)

For census.

For military and intelligence purposes.



Educati on

In the classroom, as a tool for teaching.

In the libraries, for easy access to more information

through the Internet.



T he H ome

As an education tool for children.

To keep records, write letters, prepare budget, draw

pictures, prepare newsletters, and connect with other

computers and information services via the telephone.

To control heating and air conditioning, answer

telephone calls, safeguard the house during vacations,

and so on,

For entertainment - playing games.







Robotics

To take over many of the jobs that place human life at

risk.

Cost-sensitive jobs are also targeted for robots (ex.

pattern-cutting robots)

Robots are used for military purposes when they

perform underwater missions to search out mines, handle

surveillance for installations, and do pinpoint targeting.

Robots are also used to patrol jail corridors at night andreport any persons encountered.

Robots do tedious jobs better than what humans do -

jobs such as welding or paint spraying in new car plants.





S ci en c e

For scientific research.

Can simulate environments, emulates physical

characteristics, and generally allow us to replicate studies

and provide proofs in a cost-effective manner.

To generate models of DNA, the molecules that housethe genetic instr uctions that determine the specific

characteristics of organisms.

To test experimental airplanes wherein aerospace

engineers use computers to simulate wind tunnelexperiments.

For contacting alien beings in outer space.

For studying the universe.





T rai n i n g

Computers are being used as

a training device in industry and

in the government.

Computerized, interactive

training gives a new dimension

to simulations, allowing the use

of f ull-motion video to put live

participants in situations that can

be changed quickly.

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Lecture 1ab v2