Lectr Lymph Organ

7/24/2019 Lectr Lymph Organ

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LYMPHOID SYSTEMLYMPHOID SYSTEM

Maya TejasariMaya Tejasari

HISTOLOGY DEPARTMENTHISTOLOGY DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF MEDICINEFACULTY OF MEDICINE

BANDUNG ISLAMIC UNIVERSITYBANDUNG ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY


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LYMPHOID SYSTEM

LYMPHOID SYSTEM

The lymphoid (lymphatic) system consists

of organs whose tissues and cells impart

acquired immunity to organism. Immunity isthe term use to describe this protective

response.


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Components lymphoid system :

1. Lymphoid organs : Thymus, spleen, lymphnodes and tonsils

2. Reticular connective tissue stroma

3. Lymphocytes : T and B Plasma cell

4. esenchymal reticular cell

!. "pithelial reticular cell#. acrophages

$. %ntigen presenting cell


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Primary /Central lymphoid organs

Secondary lymphoid organs

bone marrow

fetal liver

thymus

bursa of Fabricius

peripheral lymph nodes spleen

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)GALT, BALT

, NALT, OALT, DALT!"#sa$ i!%i&y

Two distinct lymphoid organs


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Bone marrow-derived cells ofBone marrow-derived cells of

the immune systemthe immune system

Lymphoid progenitor Myeloid progenitor

Haematopoietic stem cells

Bone marrow


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Figure 1-3Figure 1-3

B#%e arr#'()eri*e) "e$$s #+ &ei!%e sys&e


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Maturation of LymphocytesMaturation of Lymphocytes


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Figure 1-4 part 1 of 3Figure 1-4 part 1 of 3


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Figure 1-Figure 1-


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Molecules involved for antigenMolecules involved for antigen

recognitionrecognition

- B "e$$ re"e.r / .r#)!"&B "e$$ re"e.r / .r#)!"&0 a%&i1#)ies A1s4 i!%#5$#1!$i% I5a%&i1#)ies A1s4 i!%#5$#1!$i% I5

- T "e$$ re"e.r TCRT "e$$ re"e.r TCR0 TCRTCR /,/,66

- Maj#r is"#.a&i1i$i&y "#.$e7Maj#r is"#.a&i1i$i&y "#.$e7MHC6HLAMHC6HLA

0 C$ass IC$ass I0 C$ass IIC$ass II

0 C$ass IIIC$ass III


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!mmune responses!mmune responses

- Na&!ra$6i%%a&e6%#%s.e"i8"Na&!ra$6i%%a&e6%#%s.e"i8"

0 H!#ra$H!#ra$4 &y.e I IFN IFN(4 &y.e I IFN IFN(/),/), $ys#9ye,$ys#9ye,

C#.$ee%& .r#&ei%sC#.$ee%& .r#&ei%s

0 Ce$$!$arCe$$!$ar4 .a5#"y&es %e!&r#8$,4 .a5#"y&es %e!&r#8$,a:r#+a5, N; "e$$sa:r#+a5, N; "e$$s

-A)a.&i*e6a"


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!nnate " #daptive!nnate " #daptive

immunity$immunity$

principlesprinciples


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L%M&H'!( ')*#+,L%M&H'!( ')*#+,


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The thymus is a central lymphoid organ

situated in the mediastinum at about the level

of great vessels of the heart.

Structure :Lo&e

Lo&ules '2( :

1. )orte* : small lymphocyte, epithelial reticular cell&lood+thymus&arrier.

2. edulla : + assall-s corpuscles

+ "*tend into the core o each o the

lo&ules

THYMUSTHYMUS


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. !edulla

". #obule

$. Capsule

%. Corte&

'. Interlobular trabeculae

. Secondary (incomplete)

trabeculae

. !edulla continuous

*. #obule sectioned tangentially

+. Thymic corpuscle (,assal-s

corpuscles)

$. Corte&

$$. Interlobular trabeculae

$'. /lood vessels in trabeculae

$. 0enula

'. Capillary

%. Trabecula

. Corte& (thymic

lymphocytes)

*. 1egenerating center of thymic

corpuscle)

. 2ggregations of 3reticular4

cells

. Thymic corpuscle (,assal-s

corpuscle)

". !edulla (thymic lymphocytesand stroma)

+. 5eticular cells in

$. Isolated 3reticular4 cells

THYMUSTHYMUS


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@?

1esmosome

1esmosome

1esmosome

6pithelialreticular cell

#ymphocytes

The relationship between epithelial reticular cells (shown in color) and

thymic lymphocytes. 7bserve desmosomes and the long processes of

epithelial reticular cells e&tending among the lymphocytes. 8ote also the

absence of reticular fibers.

The relationship between epithelial reticular cells (shown in color) and

thymic lymphocytes. 7bserve desmosomes and the long processes of

epithelial reticular cells e&tending among the lymphocytes. 8ote also the

absence of reticular fibers.


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,istogenesis and involution :

/ Third pharyngeal pouches 'endodermal(

/ Pu&erty, involution &egins : Replaced &y connective and adiposetissue.

9unctions :1. T+lymphocyte production

2. ormone production : thymopoietin, thymosin

3. Blood+thymus &arrier

4. "ects o e*ogenous hormones

!. "ects o thymectomy


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#ymph nodes are encapsulated

spherical or idney;shaped organ

composed of lymphoid tissue.

0cattered in group along lymphatic

vessels in the nec, a*illa, groin, thora*and a&domen, they act as in+line ilter

o the lymph, removing antigen and

cellular de&ris and adding g.

LYMPH NODESLYMPH NODES


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&eripheral lymph nodes&eripheral lymph nodes


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Structure (") :

$. Corte& :

The dar+staining oing to presence o tightly

paced lymphocytes.

0econdary lymphoid nodules 'containing primarily

B lymphocytes( ith germinal centers.

'. !edulla : Lighter staining than corte*.

)omposed o cords o lymphoid tissue 'medullary

cord(

separated &y medullary sinuses.


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%.


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2=

9unction :

+ 5iltration o lymph

+ Lymphocyte production 'lymphopoiesis(

+ mmunoglo&ulin production


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2

$.


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The largest of the lymphoid organ? the spleen

lies in the upper left quadrant of the

abdominal cavity. It serves as the

immunologic filter of the blood.

SPLEENSPLEEN


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Structure (') :

$. Splenic pulp :

a. @hite pulp

+ Periarterial lymphaticsheaths 'P%L0( :

T 6 dependent region

+ Peripheral hite pulp 'P7P(:B lymphocytes and

secondary lymphoidnodule

b. 5ed pulp :

+ Red pulp cords 'Billroth-s(

+ 0plenic sinusoid+ "ndothelial cells 'elongated

on the sinusoids long a*is(

c. The marginal =one :

+ Border &eteen the hiteand red pulp

+ arginal sinuses

, l


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Figure 1-Figure 1-,pleen


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'. Splenic circulation :a. 2rterial supply :

%&dominal aorta 0plenic arteryTra&ecular artery )entral arteries

Penicilliar arteriole )apillaries and sheeted

arterioles sinuses o Red pulp

b. 7pen and closed theories of splenic circulation

c. 0enous drainage

0inusoid red pulp veins Tra&ecular vein

0plenic vein inerior mesenteric vein

epatic portal vein liver


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. >erminal center

*. Tangentialsection of asplenic nodule

+. Central arteries

(t.s) in splenicnodules

$. 0enoussinuses in thered pulp

$$. Trabecularveins

$'. Trabeculae (t.s)

$%. Sheathed artery$.


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9unctions :

1. Production o &lood cells

2. 8estruction o erythrocytes

3. 8eense o the organism : ilter or the &lood

4. 0torage o &lood


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M#L. /mucosa-associatedM#L. /mucosa-associated

lymphoid tissues0lymphoid tissues0- GALT6Peyers .a&"GALT6Peyers .a&"

0 G!&(ass#" $&G!&(ass#" $&

- BALTBALT0 Br#%"!s(ass#" $&Br#%"!s(ass#" $&

- NALT R#)e%&s,NALT R#)e%&s,0 Nasa$(ass#" $&Nasa$(ass#" $&

0 T#%si$s H!a%T#%si$s H!a%

- OALTOALT0 Oe%&!(ass#" $&Oe%&!(ass#" $&

- DALTDALT0 D!"&a$(ass#" $&D!"&a$(ass#" $&

T

T

"e$$

B

GALT

BALT


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B-cell

follicle

FAE

Dome area

Fig. H-E staining of GALT. Both B-and T cells are stained positively

T-cell area

Intest.villi


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This incompletely encapsulate lymphoid

aggregates contain many lymphoid

nodules? they underlie the mucous

membranes (epithelial lining) of mouth and

pharyn&.

TONSILSTONSILS


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$. Stratified squamous

epithelium

'. #ymphatic nodules

%. Tonsillar crypts

. 6pithelium of crypt

(tg.s)

". Internodular

septum (trabecula)

. Seletal muscle

fibers

. >erminal center

*. !erging nodules

+. Internodular

septum (trabecula)

$. 9undi of crypts

$$. /lood vessel in

the capsule

$'. Seletal muscle

fibers

PALATINE TONSILPALATINE TONSIL


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Location

!m"er per individ!al

!m"er of crypts per tonsil

Epithelial covering

#aps!le

Palatine TonsilsLateral $alls of theoral pharyn%& "elo$the level of the softpalate

'

() * ')

on+eratini,edstratified s!amo!s

Thic+ partial caps!leof dense connectivetiss!e

Pharyngeal TonsilBac+ of thenasopharyn% in themidline& a"ove the levelof the soft palate

(

!rface pleated& "!t nocrypts

#iliated pse!dostratifiedcol!mnar epitheli!m

Thin partial connectivetiss!e caps!le

Lingual TonsilsAt the "ac+ of thetong!e /floor of thepharyn%0

mall and n!mero!s

1ne crypt per tonsil

Lightly +eratini,edstratified s!amo!sepitheli!m

o definitivecaps!le

Table : Compario! o" #$e To!ilTable : Compario! o" #$e To!il


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=

Key Features

Cortex and Medulla

Lymphoid nodules

Cords and sinuses

Unique structure

Thymus

2es

o

o

Hassall3s

corp!scles

Lymph Nodes

2es

2es

2es

#ortical

nod!les&s!"caps!larsin!s

Spleen

o

2es

2es

#entral

arteries

Tonsils

o

2es

o

Epithelial

covering

Table : Di#i!%&i$i!% #r&'#&ral "ea#&re o" #$e

lmp$oi or%a!

Table : Di#i!%&i$i!% #r&'#&ral "ea#&re o" #$e

lmp$oi or%a!

Di#ribio! o" * a! T 'ell i! lmp$ !oe a!


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=@

#ymph node

Spleen

7uter corte&(mainly / cells)

Inner corte&(mainly T cells)

!edullary cord(mainly / cells)

@hite pulp


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Lectr Lymph Organ