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Learning Route on the Pro-Poor Rural Public-Private Partnership
AIT, THAILAND
Wanchat Suwankitti, Ph.D. National Economic and Social Development Board
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NESDP
• National Economic and Social Development Plan •The Present NESDP (11th NESDP)
Community Development
• Community Development Projects
Area: 513,115 sq. km. (198,114 sq. mi.)
Source: http://www.dopa.go.th; December 2009 3
The Judiciary National Assembly Cabinet - Government
Ministries
Department of Provincial Administration
Departments
Provinces
Districts / Minor districts
Sub-districts
villages
PAOs and Cities/Town/Tambon Municipalities
TAO (Tambon Administration Office)
City of Pattaya
Bangkok BMA
National Level
Local Level
Regional Level
Changwat
Amphur
Tambon
Mu-Ban
76
7409
74,944
76
927
Population: 63,878,801 male: 31,451,801 female: 32,426,466
OPM, MOAC, MOC, MOC, MOD, MOE, MOEN, MOF, MFA, MOI, ICT, MOI, MOJ, MOL, MNRE, MOPH, MOST, MOS, MTS, MOT
20
1241
35 150 senators/500MP Constitutional Organisation
7
375 elected MPs 125 MPs Party-lists
76 elected 74 selected
GDP per Capita 2008 135,511 Baht 2009 135,281 Baht
6685
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• 4 regions: 76 provinces (BMA – Local Government) = 77 provinces • Province is headed by the provincial governor and undertakes de-
concentrated functions. • policy and primary execution remain centralized in the ministries,
certain decision-making responsibilities and authority are authorized, within guidelines and directives, to their units in the provinces.
Minister of Interior (MOI)
Permanent Secretary of MOI
Provincial Governors
Head of District Officer
Sub-District Officer
Other Ministers
Directors of Departments
Assigned Officials from other Central Administration
Departments at Provincial Level
Assigned Officials from other Central Administration
Departments at District Level
special administrative area • Bangkok • Pattaya
Go
vern
me
nt
Off
ice
r
Various data and Information: SES, IO,
Indicators, GDP, BMN, NRD2C, community data other related secondary data etc. Community own
collected Data
Various data and Information
Guidelines for public sector functions
Collection of plan at function levels Collection of plan at
area levels
National Economic and Social Development Plan
Government Action/Operational Plan
Ministry/Department Action Plan
Community Plan Strategic/ Issue Plan
Stakeholders: mainly Public Sector
Various Stakeholders: public, private, civil society, community, local, institutions, etc.
Community and related agencies in the area
Stakeholders: mainly Public Sector Stakeholders: mainly
Public Sector
Various Stakeholders
Guidelines for the Development of Thailand
The need and development of, for, by
the community, support by external development partnership
Public data at each area/level: GPP
Cross Sectional Plan
Public information and data
Public information and data
Provincial/District/Municipality/TAO Action Plan
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Government Policy
Gold Era of Planning Democracy Era Paradigm Shift
Plan 1 (1961-66)
Plan 2 (1967-71)
Plan 3 (1972-76)
Plan 4 (1977-81)
Plan 6 (1987-91)
Plan 9 (2002-06)
Plan 7 (1992-96)
Plan 8 (1997-2001)
Plan 5 (1982-86) Economic Growth and
Infrastructure Development Economic
Growth Led Development
and the Beginning of
Social Development
Economic Stability and Social Development
People Centred Development
Paradigm
Participation Approach
Sufficiency Economy
Political Fluctuation
Plan 10 (2007-2011) Community Plan
6 Plan 11 (2012-2016)
11th NESDP Committee and Working Groups
1. Evaluation of the Development
2. Communities Workshop
3. Focus Groups: Sectors
4. Draft
5. Public Hearing (Conference)
6. Cabinet Suggestion
7. Finalisation
8. Suggestion from National Economic and Social Advisory
Council
9.Cabinet Approval Declare in the Royal Gazette
Focused on utilizing workforce and natural resources
An imbalanced economic growth
1st – 7th Development Plans
8th – 10th Development Plans
Moved Towards Sufficiency Economy
Stressed on Human Capital development
11th Development Plan Use Human Capital + Technology and Innovation + Reconciliation
Stresses on Sufficiency Economy and Sustainability
www.nesdb.go.th
Achievements under 10th National Development Plan
• Indicator for Strong and inclusive economy increased to 77.12
•Communities are stronger and more connected, with indicator increased to 66.07
• Indicator for democratic society with good governance decreased to 55.70, due to ’09 -’10 conflict which worsen corruption image.
• Indicator for Environment and Biodiversity decreased, indicating a need for policy intervention in, for instance, water & air quality, CO2 emission.
•Health condition of Thai people worsened to the development level of 70.86%, due to physical and mental health issues, including educational aspect
Contributing factor for the improvement in wellbeing includes a stronger and more inclusive economy and a more secured and connected society. Yet problems remain in terms of ongoing violent conflict in society, worsened environment and ecosystem, drug problems, and deteriorating health standards.
The Wellbeing of Thai Society has improved.
2006 2010 66.33 66.80
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MDGs and MDG+ Targets 2009 Assessment 2004 Assessment
Goal 1: Eradicate Poverty and Hunger
MDG 1A Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of population living in
extreme poverty
Achieved Achieved
MDG+ Reduce poverty to less than 4% by 2009 Not achieved -
42.21
33.69
28.43 18.98
14.75 17.46
20.98
14.93 11.16 9.55 8.49 8.95 8.12
7.8 22.1 18.4
15.8 10.7
8.5 10.2
12.6 9.1 7.0 6.1 5.4 5.8 5.3
5.1
633 692
790 838
953
1,130 1,135 1,190 1,242 1,386 1,443
1,579 1,586
1,678
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
1,800
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19881990199219941996199820002002200420072006200820092010
poverty incidence (%)number (million)]
new rules and regulations e.g.
FTA
multi-polar economic
centres
aging society
global warming
food and fuel crisis
technological advancement
terrorists
Weak management in the public sector
Economic Structure
Unbalanced demographic
structure
Degradation of national pride
Changes of national resources 11
2011
Male Female
0-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74
75+
Female Male Female
0-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74
75+
2000
Male
0-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74
75+
2020
Female Male Male Female
Elderly status in 2000, 2011, & 2020
2000
7 Working population:
1 elderly person
2011
Potential Support
Ratio
2020
5.7 Working population:
1 elderly person 3.8 Working population:
1 elderly person
12
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Vision: “Peaceful society under equitability, justice, and resilience towards changes”
An improvement in Wellbeing of Thai people and Peace for Thai society, with a reduced inequality and improved corruption perception
A lifelong learning and improved health for Thai people, with stronger social institutions.
Appropriate Economic growth rate to the country’s potential An improvement of productivity no lower than 3% per year An improved Competitiveness of the country’s economy An improved value of SMEs’ products per GDP to be no lower than 40%
A more prominent role of Science, Technology, Innovation and R&D in contributing to economy, society and environment, with the target of investment per GDP no lower than 1% by year 2016.
To maintain Quality of Environment within standards, by improving efficiency in reducing GHG Emission and by increasing forest area to maintain ecosystem.
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15
16
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1. Promote farmers to plant trees as well as in order to create benefits from appropriate utilization, and
conserve the ecosystem as the basis for agriculture and carbon sinks that can reduce green house gas emission.
2. Promote following the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, such as organic farming, integrated
farming and new theory agriculture, especially for small scale farmers, in order to establish food security and maintain the biodiversity base; create networks of local philosophers to share their experiences and wisdom to support widely sustainable practice.
3. Enhance the including encouraging responsible
consumer behavior both in individuals and in the community; integrate collaboration among all stakeholders to support research and development in food study in order to strengthen awareness of consumers in purchasing food which is safe and nutritious.
in the same local area or in the form of community supported
agriculture where the consumers can meet the producers directly, for example at local markets, farmer shops that can establish the market place serving an over supply in an early harvest together with creating the way to build small and micro community enterprises to strengthen local farming and the ability to access good nutritious diet.
in agricultural activities in order to utilize farm residuals
and by-products to produce bio-energy such as biodiesel and biogas for local community consumption.
from residuals such as municipal solid waste, agricultural
by-products, and apply appropriate technology together with knowledge management for power plant maintenance in order to reduce the cost of power consumption and alleviate pollution for the community, and develop fuel crops which are non-food and can grow efficiently such as jartropa and seaweed.
by supporting the role of locals to manage infrastructure services, for example, local rice seed centres, organic
fertilizers plants, paddy mills, in order to increase efficiency of their agricultural production.
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Education
OTOP
SML Fund Housing
Community Forest
Annual Provincial
Administrative Plan
National Mechanism
Provincial Development Framework
Oct - Dec
Community
Provincial Mechanism
District Mechanism
District Development Direction
Revise Community Plan
Nov - Dec
Community Mechanism
Provincial Plan
Public Hearing on Provincial
Plan
Oct-Dec
Projects asking for central budget
Projects asking for provincial budget
Projects asking for local govt budgetProvincial Development Strategy
Coordinating framework
for local plan
Oct-Dec
Filter Process/People’s need from District
Jun - Sept
xxxxx
xxxxx
Community Plan
Problems/Needs
Community Process
Jan - Mar
3-Yr Municipal/SAO Development Plan
Gather data/development issues in local platform (April)
In line with Provincial Plan
In line with Problems/ Needs of Community
In line with local policies
Work with other agencies
Let others do the work
xxxx
District-level public
platform (May)
PAO 3-Yr Plan
(Jun)
DAO’s Direction
Projects in order of Priority
Source of Budget
per 5 outputs
In line with Coordinating framework with Local Govt Plan
National Development Policy/Direction
In line with Provincial Plan
per 5 outputs
Draft Concept for Linking Community Plan with Provincial Plan via Sub-District Level Mechanism
Implement alone
Projects asking for central budget
Projects asking for provincial budget
Projects asking for local govt budget Provincial Development Strategy
Economic Social Security Admin Resources
Economic Social Security Admin Resources
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15 year free tuition fee: kindergarten to high school level uniform school activities textbooks
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Community meeting
Quorum 75%
Local real needs Project proposal Voting:
1 man 1 vote
Project development
Project Implementation
(budget and project
approved)
District Officers
Population fund
1-50 100,000 baht/year
51-150 200,000 baht/year
151-250 300,000 baht/year
Population fund
251-500 400,000 baht/year
501–1,000 500,000 baht/year
1001-1500 600,000 baht/year
>1501 700,000 baht/year
Project is one of the government's urgent policies encouraging Thai communities to make use of Thai wisdom. And also helps impart modern knowledge and manage to introduce the products to the domestic and international markets through chain stores and outlets.
The government aims to strengthen local communities to be self-dependent and create jobs and income to the community members. The local wisdom and resources, therefore, have been employed to develop quality products and service with their own advantages and value added. While maintaining Thai culture and way of life, the products also meet the needs of the domestic and international markets.
Concept: draw upon the local knowledge and ingenuity of Thai villages, regions, and the entire nation at large
Strategic Interventions
Income generation
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One Tambon One Product (OTOP)
Improving access to domestic & international markets, including sub-district websites Coordinating with
Chamber of Commerce
Concept: draw upon the local knowledge and ingenuity of Thai villages, regions, and the entire nation at large
•encouraging the people to produce local products using their homegrown skills and expertise; •providing technical assistance and advice to enable them to produce their goods more efficiently and of higher quality that reach world standard; • marketing their goods throughout the country and around the world.
Key words: entrepreneurs, SMEs, customer oriented, add value.
oSales of local products: o 2001= 215 mil. THB
o 2002= 24 bill. THB o 2003= 33 bill. THB
o export in 2005 (9 months) = 874 mil. USD
Income generation
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2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Morihiko Hiramatsu, Governor of Oita Prefecture, JAPAN
Local to Global
Human Resource
Development
Self – reliance
and Creativity
Thai Government announced Poverty Eradication Strategy:
income generation, expenditures reduction, and opportunities
enhancement. OTOP development policy was endorsed
as poverty reduction strategy.
OTOP philosophy
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• Appointed OTOP committees at national and regional level First OTOP symbol (brand) Tapian fish
• First OTOP marketing promotion: Local Thai whisky • Establishment of OTOP centres at Provincial level • Sales of OTOP: 16,714 million baht • Start Using ICT to promote OTOP (www.thaitambon.com)
• OTOP Product Champion (OPC) – level of products • Exportable • Continuity and Quality • Standard • Story of Product
• First OTOP City (Exhibition and Trade) • Sales of OTOP: 34,242 million baht
5 stars 90 points and above Good quality. Exportable
4 stars 80-89 points Fairly good quality. Nationally recognized. Exportable upon improvement.
3 stars 70-79 points. Average quality. Able to attain 4 stars upon improvement.
2 stars 50-69 points Able to attain 3 stars. Periodically assessed.
1 star below 50 points Product is unable to attain 2 stars due to its many weaknesses and difficulty for development.
Beverage Textile and garments Household and decorations Handicrafts and souvenirs Herbal products (non-food)
30 Con: Obstacles to 1-2, & 3 stars to promote or develop with the support from government agencies
http://www.thaitambon.com
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• Policy to increase quality and standard of OTOP • Establishment of OTOP cluster • Pilot OTOP village (1 village per region) • Second OTOP City (Exhibition and Trade) • Sales of OTOP: 46,506 million baht
• Marketing OTOP • Creating of marketing place: Provincial OTOP centre • Cultural Product – Story of product • Third OTOP City Exhibition and Trade • Sales of OTOP: 56,510 million baht
Supermarket: Big C, Tesco, Tanghuaseng, TOPS, Central, The Mall Gas Station: PTT, Caltex, Bangchak
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• In search of excellent OTOP • OTOP Product Champion (OPC) • OTOP Village Champion (OVC) • Provincial Star OTOP (PSO)
• Second OTOP City and the Best of OTOP (Exhibition and Trade) • Sales of OTOP: 68,868 million baht
• Matchmaker OTOP and buyers (OTOP Select) • OTOP Exhibitions and Trades • Sales of OTOP: 72,864 million baht
Thai Wisdom OTOP/Conservative OTOP Commercialized OTOP Tourism OTOP
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OTOP Village Home-stay
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A new floating market near Bangkok located at Tambon Bang Namphueng, Phra Pradaeng District.
It originated under the cooperation between the Bang Namphueng Subdistrict Administration Organization and local community in an attempt to release their superabundant crops and, as a consequence, create employment and income to the community.
The charm of this floating market is the canalside lifestyle of the community whose members are mostly Thai – Mon.
Local products and famous food such as fish-scale flowers, herbal joss sticks, Hoi Thot (fried mussel pancake), Khanom Khrok or mortar-toasted pastry, mango, etc. are also offered on sale.
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• Knowledge-based OTOP (KBO) • OTOP Exhibitions and Trades – all provinces • Sales of OTOP: 77,872 million baht
• OTOP KBO Contest • OTOP Exhibitions and Trades • Sales of OTOP: 65,753 million baht
• Continuing of Programmes • Sales of OTOP: 68,208 million baht
• Continuing of Programmes • Sales of OTOP: approximately 70,000 million baht
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Community ICT Training Centre
OTOP Development
OTOP Market
Computer: donation, national budget, TAO budget
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OTOP Village Home-stay
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Housing Scheme for the Poor: Bann Mankong Project
Price
Space Square meters
Thai baht
Model
958 communities: 52,780 HH (Sep, 2007)
Community Organizations Development Institute (Public Organization)
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Source: Population Development Association http://villagedevelopmentpartnership.org/downloads/VDP_Brochure_03292010.pdf
Fast Facts Thailand has more than 10,000 community forest sites. Around 7,000 of these are registered with the Royal Forest Department. No community forestry sites are recognized within protected areas.
